本研究探討國際海報設計競賽之運作模式，以系統方式依各相關因素探討其影響性。再藉此研究結果提供未來「台灣國際海報設計獎」或相似活動執行規劃之策略及辦理方式參考，以期能使辦理更具國際一致性與提高其執行之效益。

研究首先進行國際知名海報設計競賽之次級、初級資料收集，整理歸納辦理背景、方式、規章及現況，再藉由個案及專家訪談了解其組織架構及運作模式，細節包括辦理架構、評選運作機制、流程、推廣與後續運用等。

為有效探討「台灣國際海報設計獎」之運作模式，特別引用企業效益3P理論，即整體效益（Performance）= 經營與人員能力（People）x規則與管理流程（Process）x應用工具與電腦系統（Program），作為本研究的分析模型。試圖由現有運作架構與相似競賽的執行比較中，找出不足或會面對的重要事項，以作為規劃辦理、改善及修正的依據，以促進相關活動辦理效益的提升。本研究發現，國際海報設計競賽活動中有一些共通現象及要點，狀況如下：

1.在經營與人員能力方面

國際海報設計競賽主辦單位多屬文化及推廣性質組織，經費來源主要為政府補助或贊助，自主營運「商業」組織徵件以綜合類別為主，海報設計僅為其中一項；競賽大多申請國際平面設計社團協會（Icograda）認可，評審邀請領域跨國且具國際知名度專家擔任；舉辦目的為國際交流、促進產業發展、提升人員能量及推廣設計、藝術和文化；常設組織委員會及執行團隊，以作為競賽策略規劃與擬定、國際評審推薦及邀約。

2.在規則與管理流程方面

依主辦單位與舉辦目的不同，競賽主題類別集中為社會/環境議題、文化藝術、商業類或不限。多數不限參賽資格、以創作結果作評審依據；作品多有年份限制、部份單位有件數限制；評審標準多為簡述，採二審制；研究發現參賽國與總件數呈現相關性，而得獎率高低對收件數多寡相關性不明顯。

3.在應用工具與電腦系統方面

競賽知名度及得獎殊榮是參賽重要誘因；多數競賽為政府或是文化單位舉辦，不須繳交報名費，而商業組織辦理之競賽則收取報名費；廣宣主要藉國際平面設計社團協會（Icograda）、Rene Wanner's Poster Page網站及主辦單位資料庫推廣，或與國家性設計組織策略聯盟促進；研究發現獎金高低對收件數增減未呈現顯著關連性，國際競賽吸引參賽的誘因包括博物館作品典藏、辦理展覽、頒獎典禮、線上展覽及提供獎項標章；多數主辦單位在得獎作品有專門典藏（如博物館、美術館）及展覽；另商業類及墨西哥海報雙年展報名作業採用網路應用系統。

依研究結果顯示「台灣國際海報設計獎」在亞洲規模僅次於日本富山國際海報設計三年展，辦理3年已與國際相關性競賽規模相當，同時也是目前台灣唯一有延續性、專業人士參與之國際競賽，在促進我國設計的國際交流及知名度方面已具作為平台的條件，為促進執行力效益提升，建議創意執行如下：

1.在經營與人員能力創意建議

品牌經營、建立競賽特色、引進贊助機制、永續發展；朝商業性綜合設計類發展，逐步採報名者付費方式運作；建立常設執行推廣機構及組織委員會，以加強策略規劃能力，健全機制，使執行系統化、效益；繼續申請Icograda認可，加强與其他國家協會合作支持辦理。

2.在規則與管理流程創意建議

定位專業海報競賽、2年辦理1次，不限參賽資格、件數，但限為3年內、印刷作品；主題類別訂定為商業及推廣用途（含社會關懷議題）二類；建議評審流程分為二階三審制：第一階段資格審：由執行單位及國內專家審查，以節省評審時間。第二階段初審：國際與國內評審擔任，選出入圍或可作為展覽作品，可供立即辦理展覽和頒獎典禮。複審：可與初審同一批評審擔任，隔日或另評選出獲獎作品；未來朝增加參賽國努力，而獲獎比率建議調為10%-15%。

3.在應用工具與電腦系統創意建議

尋求專責單位典藏（如博物館、美術館）及安排常設展覽，以累積重要的文化資產及供後續研究；若難有實體單位典藏，則建置數位博物館及專門網站、資訊平台，以數位典藏競賽作品及規劃多元應用、交流及展示；建議採多項獎金以取代高額獎金，加強廣宣以提升知名度；建置競賽資訊（資料庫）作業、知識平台，導入線上報名管理、條碼（Barcode）系统，將報名、交件、收件整理、評審、公告及進度查詢、通報作業數位化，以提升效能、精進作業；規劃配套及加值措施，商品（如專刋、筆記本）開發等。

以上研究共通現象及創意建議將可作為未來繼續執行「台灣國際海報設計獎」及相關競賽推動之參考。

This research systematically investigates the effects of isolated factors on international poster design competition operational models. The results will benefit the planning and operation of the Taiwan International Poster Design Award and related activities by increasing conformity other with international competitions and increasing operational results.

First, primary and secondary sources related to international poster competitions were collected, with a focus on operational background, methodology, rules, and current status. These sources, as well as personal interviews, were then used to understand the competitions’ organizational structure and operational models, including their operational frameworks, judging systems, workflow, promotional activities, and subsequent applications.

To effectively investigate the operational model of the Taiwan International Poster Design Award competition, the corporate 3P method was used: namely overall Performance = managerial and employee competence (People) x regulations and managerial workflow (Process) x Tool applications and IT systems (Programs). The current operational model was compared to those of similar competitions and attempts were made to identify inadequacies and issues that must be addressed. This information can then be used as a reference for planning future contests or implementing organization reform, and can help increase productivity. It was discovered that international poster competitions share important similarities, given below:

1.Managerial and Employee Competence

International design competitions are hosted primarily by organizations involved in cultural or promotional work which are heavily subsidized by the government. Private corporations that act as hosts are often engaged in a variety of design, with posters being just one aspect of their work. Most competitions are endorsed by the International Council of Graphic Design Associations (Icograda), with judging generally done by well known professionals from both the host country and other countries. The competitions are held to increase international exchange, promote industry growth, nurture talent, and promote design, art, and culture. They also have standing committees and operational teams to undertake competition planning and selection and invitation of international judges.

2. Regulations and Management Workflow

Depending on the host organization and the goals of the competition, themes range from social/environmental awareness, to culture/art or commerce, or they may be unrestricted. Many competitions have no restrictions to entry, using only the results as the basis for judgement. Many are limited to works produced within a certain time frame, and some limit the number of entries. Judging criteria is primarily by means of summary, using 2 rounds of judging. The research discovered a correlation between the number of countries and entries, but no clear correlation between the number of entries and the win rate.

3. Tool Applications and IT Systems

A competitions name recognition and prizes are important incentives to participate. Many are hosted by governments or cultural organizations and are free to enter; whereas those hosed by commerical organizations usually charge entry fees. Promotion is largely done via Icograda, Rene Wanner's Poster Page, and the hosting organization’s database, or by national level design allicance organizations. Research found that the amount of prize money is does not have a clear correlation to the number of entries received. International competitions attract competitors by offering displays in a museum or gallery, exhibitions of winning works, awards ceremonies, online exhibits, and medals. A number of hosting organizations provide for winning works to be displayed in museums or exhibitions. Some commerical organizations sponsored competitions and the International Poster Biennale in Mexico also offer online contest application.

Research shows that in Asia the Taiwan International Poster Design Award is second in size only to the International Poster Triennial Toyama. After three years its scope is roughly the same as other similar international competitions, and it is currently Taiwan’s only on-going poster competition attracting professional entrants. It has already become a platform for increasing international exchange and increasing awareness of Taiwanese design. In order to increase the competitions’ operational performance, we recommend the following creative measures:

1. Recommendations Relating to People

Build a brand; focus on what’s unique; hire a support organization; continue to grow. Move toward a commerical, comprehensive design model, gradually adopting application fees. Establish standing operational and promotional groups and committees to strengthen planning capabilities and organizational structure, and make operations systematic and productive. Continue to apply for Icograda endorsement, and strengthen cooperation with overseas organizations.

2. Recommendations Relating to Process

Position the competition as a professional poster competition, held once every 2 years, with no limits on entry or the number of entries, other than that all entries be printed works from the past three years. Themes should be related to business and promotional activities (including social welfare). The judging process should be divided into two stages and three rounds of judging: The first stage involves judging by the host organization and domestic judges, in order to save time. The second stage should be broken into two rounds; both rounds may be judged by the same international or domestic judges. The first round of judging selects the works that will be put on exhibition. Exhibition may be arranged or prizes awarded immediately. The final round of judging may be done the following day or later. In the future the competition should try to increase the number of countries represented, and adjust the number of prizes so that 10%-15% of entrants win awards.

3. Recommendations Relating to Tools

Select a professional organization (museum or gallery) to arrange a permanent display, in order to preserve important cultural resources and facilitate ongoing research. If this proves difficult, then a digital exhibition should be established with a dedicated website serving as a communication platform to store winning works and allow for diverse application, exchange, and display. Numerous prizes should be given rather than one large prize, to strengthen promotional effect and increase name recognition. A competition database and knowledge platform should be established, along with an online application management system and barcode system to digitize application, submission, receipt and sorting, judging, announcements and status updates, and reporting. The competition should also plan affiliated value added activities and undertake product development (e.g. catalogues, notebooks)

The above research on common features and creative suggestions for future competitions may prove helpful to the Taiwan International Poster Design Award and other similar competitions.

中文部份

書籍
尚榮安（譯）（2001）。個案研究（頁80-81）。台北：弘智。（Yin, R. K.）
林孟彥（譯）（2006）。管理學（八版）（頁6）。台北：華泰。（Robbins, S. P. & Coulter, M.）
林俊良（2007）。清氣乾坤 海報設計虛白布局的東方觀點 2007林俊良海報設計作品暨創作理念（頁38），台北：藝風堂。
林偉仁（譯）（2002）。The Agenda：議題制勝（頁72-73）。台北：天下雜誌。（Hammer, M.）
柳中岡（2005）。世界級管理28堂課：管理優化技術最佳實務（頁96-97）。台北：臉譜出版。
陳擇賢（譯）（1976）。系統化的管理（頁42-45）。台北：中興管理顧問公司。（Cleland, D. I. & King, W. R.）。
楊孟麗、謝水南（譯）（2003）。教育研究法（頁556）。台北：心理。（Fraenkel, J. R. & Wallen, N. E.）
韓放（譯）（1999）。科學管理原理（頁104）。台北：團結。（Taylor, F. W., 1911）

設計專輯
中國生產力中心（2004）。商業創意設計競賽專刊。台北：經濟部商業司。
林俊良（2006）。設計戰國策－教育部獎勵學生參加藝術與設計類國際競賽計畫（頁49）。台北：教育部。
林磐聳（2006）。設計戰國策－教育部獎勵學生參加藝術與設計類國際競賽計畫（頁6）。台北：教育部。
陳永基（2006）。設計戰國策－教育部獎勵學生參加藝術與設計類國際競賽計畫（頁38）。台北：教育部。

期刊
林宏澤（2004，9月）。設計競賽舞台。設計印象雜誌別冊，16。
邱宏祥（2007，11月）。飛舞商業設計。設計印象雜誌別冊，35（2），7。

引用網站上特定文件
中時電子報（2007）。投資人縮手 波蘭幣兌歐元匯率創兩年新低。線上檢索日期：2008年12月17日。網址：http://news.chinatimes.com/2007Cti/2007Cti-News/2007Cti-News-Content/0,4521,130504+132008121700982,00.html。
中國生產力中心（2007）。台灣國際海報設計獎。線上檢索日期：2008年5月18日。網址：http://96.cdip.org.tw/competition/indexc.htm。
台灣設計創意中心（2008）。國際四大設計獎項。線上檢索日期：2008年6月12日。網址：http://www.boco.com.tw。
教育部（2006）。韓國國際海報雙年展。線上檢索日期：2008年8月5日。網址：http://140.122.88.193/idcnew/03_Information/surface_about4.asp。
國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心（2007）。流程。線上檢索日期：2008年6月15日。網址：http://www.stpi.org.tw/STPI/index.htm。

其它
行政院文化建設委員會（2003）。創意產業發展計畫核定本（頁2）。台北：作者。
教育部（2006）。教育部鼓勵學生參加藝術與設計類國際競賽獎勵要點。台北。
經濟部商業司（2004）。中程施政計畫-提升商業設計計畫93至96年度。台北：經濟部商業司。
經濟部商業司（2005）。台灣國際海報設計獎辦理辦法。台北。
經濟部商業司（2007）。台灣國際海報設計獎甄選作業程序。台北。

英文部份

書籍
Drucker, P. F., & MacIariello, J. A. (2008). Management case, Harpercollins。
Magretta, J. (2003). What management is:how it works and why it's everyone's business, 台北:天下文化。

期刊
Gemser, G. & Wijnberg, N. M. (2002). The economic significance of design Awards, Design Management Institute Academic Review, 2, 61-71.

設計專輯
China Productivity Center. (2005). Taiwan international poster design award 2005. Taipei, Department of Commerce, MOEA.
China Productivity Center. (2006). Taiwan international poster design award 2006. Taipei, Department of Commerce, MOEA.
China Productivity Center. (2007). Taiwan international poster design award 2007. Taipei, Department of Commerce, MOEA.
Design Zentrum Nordrhein Westfalen. (2005). International Yearbook Communication Design 2005-2006, Ludwigsburg:Author.
Design Zentrum Nordrhein Westfalen. (2006). International Yearbook Communication Design 2006-2007, Ludwigsburg:Author.
Fukuda, S. (2007). Taiwan international poster design award 2007, Taipei, Department of Commerce, MOEA, Preface。
iF International Forum Design GmbH. (2007). International Yearbook Communication Design 2007, Berlin:Author.
Lahti Poster Museum. (2003). Lahti Poster Biennial 2003, Lahti:Author.
Lin, A. P. (2006). Creating an International Design Maagnetic Field, Taiwan international poster design award 2006, Taipei, Department of Commerce, MOEA, Preface。
Moravian Gallery in Buno. (2002). The catalogue of 20th international biennale of graphic design brno 2002, Brno:Author.
Moravian Gallery in Buno. (2006). The catalogue of 22th international biennale of graphic design brno 2006, Brno:Author.
The Museum of Modern of Modern Art, Toyama. (2006). The 8th international poster triennial in Toyama, 2006 Catalog, Toyama:Author. The Poster Museum at Wilanów. (2006). The catalogue of the 20 IPB, Wilanów:Author.
Trama Visual, A.C. (2004). 2004 Octava Bienal Internacional Del Cartel En Mexico Catalogue, Cuauhtemoc:Author.

引用網站上特定文件
Festival International de l’Affiche et des Arts Graphiques de Chaumont, France. (2009). 18 International Poster and Graphic Arts Festival of Chaumont - France International Posters Competition 2007〔News Release〕, Chaumont:Author. Retrieved May. 14, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.ville-chaumont.fr/festival-affiches/index.html
Lahti Poster Museum. (2008). 19th Lahti Poster Biennial 2009〔News Release〕, Lahti:Author. Retrieved May. 15, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.lahdenmuseot.fi/main.php
The Hong Kong Heritage Museum. (2007). Hong Kong International Poster Triennial 2007〔News Release〕, HK:Author. Retrieved May. 14, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.heritagemuseum.gov.hk/chinese/edu_sel_others.htm
The Moravian Gallery in Brno. (2006). 22nd International Biennale of Graphic Design Brno 2006〔News Release〕, Brno:Author. Retrieved May 12, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.moravska-galerie.cz/en/
The Museum of Modern Art, Toyama. (2009). The 9th International Poster Triennial in Toyama, 2009〔News Release〕, Toyama:Author. Retrieved Jan. 07, 2009 from the World Wide Web: http://www.pref.toyama.jp/branches/3042/e_page/e_ipt2009_essential.ht
The Poster Museum at Wilanów. (2008). 21st International Poster Biennale in Warsaw 2008〔News Release〕, Warsaw:Author. Retrieved May 12, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.postermuseum.pl/en/biennale
Trama Visual, A.C. (2008). 10th The International Biennale of Poster in Mexico〔News Release〕, Cuauhtemoc:Author. Retrieved May. 13, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.bienalcartel.org.mx/
Visual Arts Affairs Office. (2007). The 9th Tehran International Poster Biennial 2007〔News Release〕, Tehran:Author. Retrieved May. 16, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.tehran-poster-biennal.com
Korea Institute of Design Promotion. (2002). First Korea International Poster Biennale〔News Release〕, Seoul:Author. Retrieved Aug. 5, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.designdb.com/
Design Management Institute, Research Mangagement, Retrieved Dec. 18, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.dmi.org/dmi/html/research/
priorities_s.htm#RP3
Design Zentrum Nordrhein Westfalen. (2007). red dot award: communication design〔News Release〕, Retrieved May. 16, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.red-dot.de
iF International Forum Design GmbH. (2007). iF Communication Design Award 〔News Release〕,Berlint:Author. Retrieved May. 16, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.ifdesign.de
Rene Wanner's Poster Page .(2007).18 International Poster and Graphic Arts Festival of Chaumont - France International Posters Competition 2007〔News Release〕, Chaumont:Author. Retrieved July. 28, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.posterpage.ch/compet/07chaui.html
Rene Wanner's Poster Page .(2000). 7th The International Biennale of Poster in Mexic〔News Release〕, Chaumont:Author. Retrieved July. 28, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.posterpage.ch/compet/mex2000.htm

其它
Icograda, ICSID, IFI, Organising International Design Competitions & Award Scheme.