簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 陳思蓓
Chen, Szu-Pei
論文名稱: 人力資源人員的工作價值觀、工作涉入及其關聯性之研究-以不同世代為調節變項
Research on the Impact of Human Resource Personnel's Work Values on Job Involvement : Generational Differences as a Moderator
指導教授: 林弘昌
Lin, Hung-Chang
口試委員: 白景文
Pai, Ching-Wen
張敬珣
Chang, Ching- Hsun
林弘昌
Lin, Hung-Chang
口試日期: 2022/07/22
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 科技應用與人力資源發展學系人力資源發展碩士在職專班
Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development_Continuing Education Master's Program of Human Resource Development
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 90
中文關鍵詞: 世代人力資源人員工作價值觀工作涉入
英文關鍵詞: Generation, Human resource personnel, Work values, Job involvement
研究方法: 調查研究世代研究
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202201678
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:152下載:25
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 隨著時代的環境、科技、文化、經濟等快速變遷與多元發展下,造就不同世代的成長背景之殊異,其對工作上的價值觀或態度有所分歧,而工作價值觀對工作涉入又會因世代的不同而有所影響,相關研究亦證實其有密切關聯。因此,在全球化競爭之際,組織意識到人力資源管理的重要性,人力資源人員勢必成為關鍵的角色。本研究以目前佔大宗的X世代與Y世代之台灣雙北地區的人力資源人員為研究對象,進行工作價值觀與工作涉入之差異分析,並探討不同世代是否會調節其工作價值觀對工作涉入的影響。採網路問卷調查施行,剔除填寫不確實之問卷後計225份有效問卷,以SPSS與AMOS統計軟體進行分析考驗。研究結果發現X世代、Y世代在工作價值觀上有部分顯著的差異,而工作涉入上有顯著的差異,不同世代對於人資人員在工作價值觀對工作涉入上無顯著的干擾效果。冀望提供參考與建議給人力資源人員所任職之企業單位,作為組織在人力資源人員之管理制度與政策面上有個依循方針。

    As a result of the rapid changes and diverse growth of the environment, technology, culture, and economics of the times, different generations have grown up with distinct upbringings and values or attitudes about work that differ. Moreover, work values influence job involvement across generations, and relevant research has demonstrated that they are strongly linked. Therefore, in an era of international competitiveness, businesses have grasped the necessity of human resource management, and human resource personnel are destined to play a crucial role. This study has focused on human resources personnel in Taipei and New Taipei City, who currently make up the majority of Generation X and Generation Y, in order to examine the differences in work values and job involvement, as well as the impact of whether different generations moderate their work values to job involvement. Online questionnaires were utilized for the investigation. After removing the invalid questions, 225 valid questionnaires were counted, and the statistical software, SPSS and AMOS, were utilized for further analysis. There are partial significant differences in work values between Generation X and Generation Y, and there are also substantial differences in job involvement. There is no significant interference effect between generations on the work values and job involvement of human resource personnel. It is envisaged that this study would serve as a resource and guide for businesses where human resources personnel work. The organization's management system and personnel policy for human resources could be governed by policy.

    第一章 緒 論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 4 第三節 名詞解釋 4 第二章 文獻探討 7 第一節 不同世代 7 第二節 人力資源人員 17 第三節 工作價值觀 22 第四節 工作涉入 28 第五節 相關研究 30 第三章 研究設計與實施 35 第一節 研究架構 35 第二節 研究假設 35 第三節 研究對象 36 第四節 研究方法 36 第五節 研究工具 37 第六節 資料處理與分析 40 第七節 研究程序 41 第四章 結果與討論 45 第一節 信效度分析 45 第二節 敘述性統計分析 50 第三節 獨立樣本t檢定 55 第四節 迴歸分析 56 第五節 綜合討論 62 第五章 結論與建議 67 第一節 研究結論 67 第二節 實務管理意涵 68 第三節 建議 69 第四節 研究限制與未來研究建議 71 參考文獻 75 一、中文部份 75 二、外文部份 80 附 錄 87 附錄一 人力資源人員之工作價值觀與工作涉入調查問卷 87

    一、中文部份
    內政部戶政司(2021)。人口統計資料。https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346
    王詠瑩(2021)。國外打工度假帶來的工作價值觀轉變經驗〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系。
    王叢桂(1992)。社會轉型中各世代的工作價值觀變遷。國家科學委員會,台北市。
    王叢桂(1993)。三個世代大學畢業工作者的價值觀。本土心理學研究(2),206-250。https://doi.org/10.6254/1993.2.206
    江以薰、吳莉喻、許玫琪(2018)。探討XY世代護理人員情緒智能之差異。源遠護理,12(3),26-34。https://doi.org/10.6530/YYN.201811_12(3).0004
    米高蒲志(2021)。提升員工參與度的五種方式。https://www.michaelpage.com.tw/zh/advice/management-advice/engagement-and-retention/5-ways-boost-employee-engagement
    呂春嬌(2012)。國家教育研究院雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網–人力資源管理。https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1679120/
    吳明隆(2008)。SPSS 操作與應用: 問卷統計分析實務。五南圖書。
    吳胡熾(2012)。不同世代國民小學教師工作價值觀與工作投入關係之研究〔未出版之碩士論文〕。輔仁大學教育領導與發展研究所。
    吳權育(2016)。跨世代人力資源人員職涯發展之研究〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所。
    吳鐵雄、李坤崇、劉佑星、歐慧敏(1996)。工作價值觀量表之編製研究。行政院青年輔導委員會,台北市。
    李芳齡(譯)(2001)。人力資源最佳實務(原作者:Dave Ulrich)。商周出版。(原著出版年:1997)
    李茂能(2006)。結構方程模式軟體 Amos 之簡介及其在測驗編製上之應用。雙葉書廊。
    李肇興(2015)。兩岸華人世代差異在心理契約違背之研究〔未出版之博士論文〕。逢甲大學商學博士學位學程。
    杜佩蘭、張肇松、黃英忠(2009)。Kanungo工作投入量表的重建與測量-以護理人員為樣本。中華心理衛生學刊,22(2),139-159。https://doi.org/10.30074/FJMH.200906_22(2).0002
    林虹伶、朱益賢(2016)。不同世代血液透析護理人員工作價值觀之差異研究。科技與人力教育季刊,2(3),15-34。https://doi.org/10.6587/JTHRE.2016.2(3).2
    林怡君、黃能堂(2020)。員工工作價值觀、工作投入與離職傾向關係之研究。樹德科技大學學報,22(2),57-72。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=1607243X-202007-202103090014-202103090014-57-72
    林惠彥、陸洛(2012)。工作價值之群體差異-全台代表性樣本分析。台灣管理學刊,12(1),99-116。https://doi.org/10.6295/TAMJ.2012.1201.05
    邱秀玲(2017)。跨世代高中教師的職業價值觀、職業生涯信念及其教學創新〔未出版之博士論文〕。國立高雄師範大學工業科技教育學系。
    邱雅琪(2017)。不同世代工作價值觀對組織承諾與專業承諾影響之研究—以臺北市地方稅務人員為例〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立臺北大學公共行政暨政策學系碩士在職專班。
    周婉窈譯(1989)。M. Bloch著。史家的技藝。遠流出版。
    凃函君、蘇淑娟(2012)。世代的空間尺度認同之研究。人口學刊,44,125-169。https://doi.org/10.6191/jps.2012.4
    徐台閣、李光武(2013)。如何決定調查研究適當的問卷樣本數。臺灣運動教育學報,8(1),89-96。https://doi.org/10.6580/JTSP.2013.8(1).06
    許炳富(2015)。情緒勞務對工作投入之影響:世代差異下知覺「個人─環境」適配之調節效果〔未出版之博士論文〕。國立雲林科技大學企業管理系。
    許雅玉(2010)。高承諾人力資源管理對工作後果之影響─以工作價值觀為調節變項〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立臺灣大學商學研究所。
    許雅琁(2014)。工作價值觀、激勵方式與工作滿意度及工作投入關係之研究-不同世代之比較〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立中正大學企業管理研究所。
    莎拉.格林、道格.科南特(2021)。如何讓你的員工更認真投入。哈佛商業評論數位版文章。https://www.hbrtaiwan.com/article_content_AR0010342.html
    郭乃禎(2013)。國民小學內部行銷與教師的服務導向組織公民行為之研究—以工作價值觀、領導者與部屬交換關係為中介變項〔未出版之博士論文〕。國立臺南大學教育學系教育經營與管理博士班。
    郭嘉甄(2017)。工作價值觀及個人與組織契合度之世代差異研究〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立臺北大學公共行政暨政策學系碩士在職專班。
    陳筱育(2004)。工作價值觀與世代間互動關係之研究〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立臺灣科技大學技術及職業教育研究所。
    陳思蓓、林弘昌(2022)。X世代和Y世代人力資源人員工作價值觀之差異研究。科技與人力教育季刊,8(4),1-21。https://doi.org/10.6587/JTHRE.202206_8(4).0001
    陳筱琪、陳文良、李威德、施仁瑞(2014)。中國大陸「80後」與「80前」員工工作態度之比較研究-工作價值觀之觀點。中原企管評論,12(2),27-50。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=17298822-201410-201410300008-201410300008-27-50
    粘淑真(2018)。技術型高中兼任行政教師工作價值觀、工作壓力及工作滿意度關係之研究-以社會支持為調節變項〔未出版之博士論文〕。國立彰化師範大學工業教育與技術學系。
    章凱閎、梁玉芳(2018)。當「收音機世代」遇上「臉書世代」我們如何和平共處?。 https://vision.udn.com/vision/story/12329/3240526
    梁鳳文(2021)。工作價值觀對工作敬業心影響之世代差異研究: 組織社會化之中介效果分析〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立高雄科技大學人力資源發展系。
    勞動部(2021)。勞動統計查詢網。https://statfy.mol.gov.tw/
    黃同圳(2016)。人力資源管理的12堂課-人力資源管理策略與企業競爭優勢。遠見天下文化。
    黃芳銘(2002)。結構方程模式理論與應用。五南圖書。
    黃振恭(2008)。不同世代國民小學教師工作價值觀、角色知覺與教學自我效能和專業表現之研究〔未出版之博士論文〕。國立嘉義大學教育學系研究所。
    黃一峯、陳建志(2021)。世代差異與留才策略:工作價值觀點的探討。國家菁英,14-3(53),251-266。https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/JournalContentDetail?SysId=A2022170874
    黃煥榮、蔡秀涓、張筵儀、陳柏安(2017)。公部門面對世代差異之人力資源運用策略。考試院,台北市。
    程天縱(2017)。談企業的價值觀與文化。https://pse.is/3rahfq
    程姿螢、張詠婷、宋曜廷(2016)。大專學生工作價值組合量表之編製及信效度研究。教育心理學報,48(1),91-112。https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.20151020
    楊淑蕙(2019)。主管領導風格對不同世代員工工作投入影響之研究—以某電信營運處為例〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立成功大學企業管理學系碩士在職專班。
    廖俊貴(2007)。跨越代溝衝突,找出最佳因應之道。第36屆國際培訓總會(IFTDO)年會報告,美國舊金山。
    廖勇凱、楊湘怡(2014)。人力資源管理:理論與應用。智勝文化。
    蔡宏基(2019)。當X世代遇到千禧世代。https://www.hr.org.tw/hr_2.asp?ctype=2&autono=2404
    劉長興(2017)。當X世代主管遇到Y世代部屬之矛盾與衝突〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立東華大學國際企業學系。
    戴國良(2020)。人力資源管理:理論、實務與個案。五南圖書。
    謝琇玲、林惠敏、謝佳儒(2016)。工作價值觀對組織公民行為之影響─社會認定理論觀點。勞資關係論叢,18(1),35-61。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=10237305-201606-201607010018-201607010018-35-61
    魏郁禎、黃櫻美(2020)。人力資源管理。高立。
    羅彥棻、許旭緯(2019)。人力資源管理。全華圖書。
    龐寶璽(2020)。探討人力資源部門面對新冠肺炎疫情的變革代理人角色。https://reurl.cc/MkjGAX
    二、外文部份
    Ahammad, T. (2017). Personnel management to human resource management (HRM): How HRM functions. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 13(9), 412-420. https://doi.org/10.17265/1548-6583/2017.09.004
    Ahn, S. M., & Lee, H. Z. (2020). Generational differences between nurses focus on work value and job engagement. Journal of Digital Convergence, 18(9), 199-210. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2020.18.9.199
    Amrhein, V., Greenland, S., & McShane, B. (2019). Scientists rise up against statistical significance. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00857-9
    Arthur, M. (2020). The social enterprise at work: Paradox as a path forward. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/human-capital-trends/2020/technology-and-the-social-enterprise.html
    Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
    Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
    Blau, G. J., & Boal, K. B. (1987). Conceptualizing how job involvement and organizational commitment affect turnover and absenteeism. Academy of Management Review, 12(2), 288-300. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4307844
    Bollen, K. A. (1989). A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research, 17(3), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0049124189017003004
    Bump, P. (2014). Here is when each generation begins and ends, according to facts. https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/03/here-is-when-each-generation-begins-and-ends-according-to-facts/359589/
    Cemalcilar, Z., Secinti, E., & Sumer, N. (2018). Intergenerational transmission of work values: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(8), 1559-1579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0858-x
    Cogin, J. (2012). Are generational differences in work values fact or fiction? Multi-country evidence and implications. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(11), 2268-2294. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.610967
    Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.1.16
    DeVellis, R. F. (1991). Scale Development: Theory and Applications. CA: Sage Publications.
    De Waal, A., Peters, L., & Broekhuizen, M. (2017). Do different generations look differently at high performance organizations? Journal of Strategy and Management, 10(1), 86-101. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-10-2015-0083
    Doll, W. J., Xia, W., & Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument. MIS Quarterly, 18(4), 453-461. https://doi.org/10.2307/249524
    Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002224378101800104
    Hansen, J-I. C., & Leuty, M. E. (2012). Work values across generations. Journal of Career Assessment, 20(1), 34-52. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1069072711417163
    Harding, S. D., & Hikspoors, F. J. (1995). New work values: In theory and in practice. International Social Science Journal, 3(145), 441-455. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000101056
    Huber, P., & Schubert, H. J. (2019). Attitudes about work engagement of different generations: A cross‐sectional study with nurses and supervisors. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(7), 1341-1350. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12805
    Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199902)20:2%3C195::AID-SMJ13%3E3.0.CO;2-7
    Jaw, B. S., Ling, Y. H., Wang, C. Y. P., & Chang, W. C. (2007). The impact of culture on Chinese employees' work values. Personnel Review, 36(1), 128-144. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480710716759
    Joshi, A., Dencker, J. C., & Franz, G. (2011). Generations in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 31, 177-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2011.10.002
    Kalleberg, A. L. (1977). Work values and job rewards: A theory of job satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 42(1), 124-143. https://doi.org/10.2307/2117735
    Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(3), 341-349. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-9010.67.3.341
    Kazanas, H. (1978). Relationship of job satisfaction and productivity to work values of vocational education graduates. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 12(2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(78)90030-1
    Khattar, K., & RAJ, P. (2017). A comparative study of Gen X & Gen Y towards organizational commitment: An analytical approach. International Journal of Human Resource Management and Research, 7(4), 1-8. https://www.academia.edu/35086162/A_COMPARATIVE_STUDY_OF_GEN_X_and_GEN_Y_TOWARDS_ORGANIZATIONAL_COMMITMENT_AN_ANALYTICAL_APPROACH
    Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford.
    Kraaykamp, G., Cemalcilar, Z., & Tosun, J. (2019). Transmission of work attitudes and values: Comparisons, consequences, and implications. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 682(1), 8-24. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0002716219831947
    Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C. J., Neter, J., & Wasserman, W. (2004). Applied linear regression models (Vol. 4). McGraw-Hill.
    Liao, C.-W., Lu, C.-Y., Huang, C.-K., & Chiang, T.-L. (2012). Work values, work attitude and job performance of green energy industry employees in Taiwan. African Journal of Business Management, 6(15), 5299-5318. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.1449
    Lindsey, E. W. (2005). Study abroad and values development in social work students. Journal of Social Work Education, 41(2), 229-249. https://doi.org/10.5175/JSWE.2005.200303110
    Lodahl, T. M., & Kejnar, M. (1965). The definition and measurement of job involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 49(1), 24-33. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0021692
    Lu, L., & Lin, G. C. (2002). Work values and job adjustment of Taiwanese workers. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 10(2), 70-76. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Work-Values-and-Job-Adjustment-of-Taiwanese-workers-Lu-Lin/f883d96b9c7ced0b90e1c8236ab42cb89b334991#citing-papers
    Lyons, S., & Kuron, L. (2014). Generational differences in the workplace: A review of the evidence and directions for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S139-S157. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1913
    MacCallum, R. C., & Hong, S. (1997). Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32(2), 193-210. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3202_5
    Macnab, D., & Fitzsimmons, G. W. (1987). A multitrait-multimethod study of work-related needs, values, and preferences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 30(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(87)90022-4
    Jaccard, J., & Wan, C. K. (1996). LISREL approaches to interaction effects in multiple regression. SAGE.
    McDonald, R. P., & Ho, M-H. R. (2002). Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 64-82. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.64
    Mencl, J., & Lester, S. W. (2014). More alike than different: What generations value and how the values affect employee workplace perceptions. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(3), 257-272. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1548051814529825
    Miller, M. F. (1974). Relationship of vocational maturity to work values. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 5(3), 367-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(74)90026-8
    Murtell, J. (2020). Generational insights and the speed of change. https://www.ama.org/marketing-news/generational-insights-and-the-speed-of-change/
    Parry, E., & Urwin, P. (2011). Generational differences in work values: A review of theory and evidence. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(1), 79-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00285.x
    Pishchik, V. I. (2020). Features of the mentality of generations X, Y, Z. E3S Web of Conferences, 210, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021020007
    Pryor, R. (1979). In search of a concept: Work values. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 27(3), 250-258. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/j.2164-585X.1979.tb00993.x
    Rabinowitz, S., & Hall, D. T. (1977). Organizational research on job involvement. Psychological Bulletin, 84(2), 265-288. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.84.2.265
    Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. Free press.
    Saleh, S. D., & Hosek, J. (1976). Job involvement: Concepts and measurements. Academy of Management Journal, 19(2), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.5465/255773
    Sarraf, A. R. A., Abzari, M., Isfahani, A. N., & Fathi, S. (2017). Generational differences in job engagement: A case study of an industrial organization in Iran. Industrial and Commercial Training. 49(3), 106-115. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-10-2016-0068
    Schullery, N. M. (2013). Workplace engagement and generational differences in values. Business Communication Quarterly, 76(2), 252-265. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1080569913476543
    Sörbom, D. (1989). Model modification. Psychometrika, 54(3), 371-384. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294623
    Super, D. E. (1970). Work values inventory manual. Houghton Mifflin.
    Susaeta, L., Pin, J. R., Idrovo, S., Espejo, A., Belizón, M., Gallifa, A., . . . Pedrozo, E. A. (2013). Generation or culture? Work attitude drivers: An analysis in Latin America and Iberian countries. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal. 20(3), 321-360. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCM-12-2011-0126
    Villa, J. R., Howell, J. P., Dorfman, P. W., & Daniel, D. L. (2003). Problems with detecting moderators in leadership research using moderated multiple regression. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00184-4
    Wang, X., Zhang, H., & Xu, H. (2017). Effects of work values on work engagement and satisfaction: The moderating effects of generational differences. Tourism Tribune, 32(12), 89-100. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20183019278
    Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., & England, G. W. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire. Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation, 22, 1-120. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1968-08111-001
    Wiedmer, T. (2015). Generations do differ: Best practices in leading traditionalists, boomers, and generations X, Y, and Z. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 82(1), 51-58. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1770514324?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
    Wollack, S., Goodale, J. G., Wijting, J. P., & Smith, P. C. (1971). Development of the survey of work values. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(4), 331-338. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0031531
    Zytowski, D. G. (1970). The concept of work values. Vocat Guidance Quart, 18(3), 176-177. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ016767

    下載圖示
    QR CODE