簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 冷章儀
James Friesen
論文名稱: 自由譯者與時間概念:中英譯者個案研究
Portfolio Teleworkers and Temporal Structure: A Case Study on Chinese-English Freelance Translators
指導教授: 陳子瑋
Chen, Tze-Wei
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 翻譯研究所
Graduate Institute of Translation and Interpretation
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 98
中文關鍵詞: 自由譯者時間概念
英文關鍵詞: freelance, temporal structure
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:143下載:30
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 目前的產業研究中,自由譯者相關的研究相當少。本研究欲探討自由譯者工作時利用時間的習慣,並研究自由譯者的時間概念如何形成。時間概念分別為工時、時間分配、以及緊湊性三個部分。首先,研究者將釐清自由譯者在產業裡的定位,並討論各種身份對時間概念的影響。自由譯者工作來源並非來自於公司的分配,必須自己找客戶及來源、自己建立作品集(學界稱之為portfolio worker)。另外,因現今的自由譯者主要以通訊網路遠端進行工作,所以不受時空限制(學界稱之為teleworker)。為更加瞭解自由譯者的工作時間管理策略,研究者採訪了13位現任自由譯者,並歸納出兩項主要結果:一,書籍譯者與文件譯者對於時間的概念相差甚大;二,時間概念取決於截止日期、毅力、進度與心情波動等四大因素。

    Freelance translators compose a pocket of the professional worker industry on which little research has been conducted. This thesis attempts to answer the previously untouched question of how freelance translators establish a work-based temporal structure, as defined by the time, timing, and tempo of work. In this thesis freelance translators are first framed in the industry as being part portfolio worker and part teleworker, with the characteristics of each respective role analyzed as to their effect on temporal structure. To better understand their working lives and how they organize time, interviews were conducted with 13 active freelance translators. The major findings of this study are that temporal structure differs between book and document translators; that temporal structure is dictated in part by deadlines, fatigue, quota fulfillment, and volition.

    Table of Contents Table of Contents i List of Tables ii Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 1.1 Industry Background 3 1.2 Freelance Translators as Portfolio Workers 6 1.3 Freelance Translators as Teleworkers 8 Chapter 2 – Literature Review 12 2.1 Volume and Intensity of Work 12 2.2 Time and Money 16 2.3 Deadlines and Contract Cycles 19 2.3.1 Deadlines 19 2.3.2 Contract Cycles 22 2.4 Work-Life Balance 25 Chapter 3 – Methods 28 3.1 Participants 28 3.2 Apparatus/Materials 29 3.3 Procedure 29 Chapter 4 – Results 31 4.1 Survey Results 31 4.1.1 Demographics 31 4.1.2 Rating Scale and Open Format 33 4.2 Findings 35 4.2.1 Dictators of Working Time 35 4.2.2 Duration of Work 38 4.2.3 Reasons for Freelancing 41 Chapter 5 – Discussion 45 Chapter 6 – Conclusion 56 Bibliography 59 Appendix 63

    Bailey, D. E., & Kurland, N. B. (2002). A review of telework research: Findings, new directions, and lessons for the study of modern work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(4), 383-400.

    Bidwell, M. J., & Briscoe, F. (2009). Who contracts? Determinants of the decision to work as an independent contractor among information technology workers. Academy of Management Journal, 52(6), 1148-1168.

    Blanchflower, D. G. (2000). Self-employment in OECD countries. Labour economics, 7(5), 471-505.

    Briscoe, F., Wardell, M., & Sawyer, S. (2011). Membership has its privileges? Contracting and access to jobs that accommodate work-life needs. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 258-282.

    Clinton, M., Totterdell, P., & Wood, S. (2006). A grounded theory of portfolio working experiencing the smallest of small businesses. International small business journal, 24(2), 179-203.

    Cohen, L., & Mallon, M. (1999). The transition from organisational employment to portfolio working: Perceptions ofboundarylessness'. Work, Employment & Society, 13(2), 329-352.

    DeVoe, S. E., & House, J. (2012). Time, money, and happiness: How does putting a price on time affect our ability to smell the roses? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(2), 466-474.

    DeVoe, S. E., & Pfeffer, J. (2007). When time is money: The effect of hourly payment on the evaluation of time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 104(1), 1-13.

    Dex, S., Willis, J., Paterson, R., & Sheppard, E. (2000). Freelance workers and contract uncertainty: the effects of contractual changes in the television industry. Work, Employment & Society, 14(2), 283-305.

    Durban, C. (2010). The Prosperous Translator: FA&WB Press.

    Eichhorst, W. B., Michela; Famira-Mühlberger, Ulrike; Gerard, Maarten; Horvath, Thomas; Kahanec, Martin; Kahancová, Marta; Kendzia, Michael; Martišková, Monika; Monti, Paola; Pedersen, Jakob Louis; Stanley, Julian; Vandeweghe, Barbara; Wehner, Caroline; White, Caroline. (2013). Social protection rights of economically dependent self-employed workers.

    Evans, J. A., Kunda, G., & Barley, S. R. (2004). Beach time, bridge time, and billable hours: The temporal structure of technical contracting. Administrative Science Quarterly, 49(1), 1-38.

    Felstead, A. (1996). Homeworking in Britain: the national picture in the mid‐1990s. Industrial Relations Journal, 27(3), 225-238.

    Fenwick, T. J. (2006). Contradictions in portfolio careers: work design and client relations. Career Development International, 11(1), 65-79.

    Fernandez-Mateo, I. (2007). Who pays the price of brokerage? Transferring constraint through price setting in the staffing sector. American Sociological Review, 72(2), 291-317.

    Fraser, J., & Gold, M. (2001). Portfolio workers': Autonomy and control amongst freelance translators. Work, Employment & Society, 15(4), 679-697.

    Gold, M., & Fraser, J. (2002). Managing self-management: successful transitions to portfolio careers. Work, Employment & Society, 16(4), 579-597.

    Gold, M., & Mustafa, M. (2013). ‘Work always wins’: client colonisation, time management and the anxieties of connected freelancers. New Technology, Work and Employment, 28(3), 197-211.

    Golden, L. (2001). Flexible Work Schedules Which Workers Get Them? American Behavioral Scientist, 44(7), 1157-1178.

    Granger, B., Stanworth, J., & Stanworth, C. (1995). Self-employment career dynamics: the case ofunemployment push'in UK book publishing. Work, Employment & Society, 9(3), 499-516.

    Handy, C. (1995). The Empty Raincoat: Random House UK.

    Harris, L. (2003). Home-based teleworking and the employment relationship: Managerial challenges and dilemmas. Personnel Review, 32(4), 422-437.

    Hill, E. J., Hawkins, A. J., Ferris, M., & Weitzman, M. (2001). Finding an Extra Day a Week: The Positive Influence of Perceived Job Flexibility on Work and Family Life Balance*. Family Relations, 50(1), 49-58.

    Katan, D. (2009). Occupation or profession A survey of the translators' world. Translation and Interpreting Studies, 4(2), 187-209.

    Kelliher, C., & Anderson, D. (2010). Doing more with less? Flexible working practices and the intensification of work. Human Relations, 63(1), 83-106.

    Kitching, J., & Smallbone, D. (2012). Are freelancers a neglected form of small business? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(1), 74-91.

    Kunda, G., Barley, S. R., & Evans, J. (2002). Why do contractors contract? The experience of highly skilled technical professionals in a contingent labor market. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 234-261.

    Mallon, M. (1998). The portfolio career: pushed or pulled to it? Personnel Review, 27(5), 361-377.

    Margolis, D. N. (2014). By Choice and by Necessity: Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment in the Developing World. European Journal of Development Research, 26(4), 419-436.

    Marler, J. H., Woodard Barringer, M., & Milkovich, G. T. (2002). Boundaryless and traditional contingent employees: worlds apart. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(4), 425-453.

    Mirchandani, K. (2000). “The best of both worlds” and “cutting my own throat”: contradictory images of home-based work. Qualitative sociology, 23(2), 159-182.

    Mustafa, M., & Gold, M. (2013). ‘Chained to my work'? Strategies to manage temporal and physical boundaries among self‐employed teleworkers. Human Resource Management Journal, 23(4), 413-429.

    Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2002). The concept of flow. Handbook of positive psychology, 89-105.

    Nansen, B., Arnold, M., Gibbs, M., & Davis, H. (2010). Time, space and technology in the working‐home: an unsettled nexus. New Technology, Work and Employment, 25(2), 136-153.

    Platman, K. (2004). ‘Portfolio careers’ and the search for flexibility in later life. Work, Employment & Society, 18(3), 573-599.

    Polivka, A. E., & Nardone, T. (1989). On the definition of contingent work. Monthly Lab. Rev., 112, 9.

    PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2012). Translation Bureau Benchmarking and Comparative Analysis (pp. 43). Canada.

    Prottas, D. (2008). Do the self-employed value autonomy more than employees? Research across four samples. Career Development International, 13(1), 33-45.

    Prottas, D. J. (2007). Attitudes towards occupation, job, life, and family: Translators as independent contractors, owners, and employees. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 19(2), 16.

    Rassuli, A. (2005). Evolution of the professional contingent workforce. Journal of Labor research, 26(4), 689-710.

    Sayah, S. (2013). Managing work–life boundaries with information and communication technologies: the case of independent contractors. New Technology, Work and Employment, 28(3), 179-196.

    Stanworth, C., & Stanworth, J. (1995). The self‐employed without employees—autonomous or atypical? Industrial Relations Journal, 26(3), 221-229.

    Stevenson, A. (2010). Oxford Dictionary of English: OUP Oxford.

    Steward, B. (2000). Changing Times The meaning, measurement and use of time in teleworking. Time & Society, 9(1), 57-74.

    Sullivan, C., & Lewis, S. (2001). Home‐based Telework, Gender, and the Synchronization of Work and Family: Perspectives of Teleworkers and their Co‐residents. Gender, Work & Organization, 8(2), 123-145.

    Tausig, M., & Fenwick, R. (2001). Unbinding time: Alternate work schedules and work-life balance. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 22(2), 101-119.

    Tietze, S., & Musson, G. (2003). The times and temporalities of home-based telework. Personnel Review, 32(4), 438-455.

    Tremblay, D. G., & Genin, E. (2010). IT self‐employed workers between constraint and flexibility. New Technology, Work and Employment, 25(1), 34-48.

    Waller, M. J., Zellmer-Bruhn, M. E., & Giambatista, R. C. (2002). Watching the clock: Group pacing behavior under dynamic deadlines. Academy of Management Journal, 45(5), 1046-1055.

    Warren, T. (2004). Working part‐time: achieving a successful ‘work‐life’balance? 1. The British journal of sociology, 55(1), 99-122.

    Wheatley, D. (2012). Good to be home? Time‐use and satisfaction levels among home‐based teleworkers. New Technology, Work and Employment, 27(3), 224-241.

    Wight, V. R., & Raley, S. B. (2009). When home becomes work: Work and family time among workers at home. Social indicators research, 93(1), 197-202.

    Wu, D. (2009). Temporal Structures in Individual Time Management: Practices to Enhance Calendar Tool Design: Practices to Enhance Calendar Tool Design: IGI Global.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE