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研究生: 藍于堯
Lan, Yu-Yao
論文名稱: 雲模式對台灣梅雨降水系統雲微物理特徵模擬能力之評估研究
An evaluation on a cloud model's capability in simulating the microphysical characteristics of Mei-yu precipitation systems in Taiwan
指導教授: 王重傑
Wang, Chung-Chieh
口試委員: 簡芳菁
Jian, Fang-Jing
張偉裕
Chang, Wei-Yu
王重傑
Wang, Chung-Chieh
口試日期: 2021/09/08
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 地球科學系
Department of Earth Sciences
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 86
中文關鍵詞: 雲微物理水象粒子雙偏極化雷達
英文關鍵詞: SoWMEX, IOP-8, IOP-3, CReSS
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101658
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:100下載:23
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  • 本研究於2008年西南氣流觀測與豪雨實驗(Southwest Monsoon Experiment, SoWMEX)期間,選取三個伴隨梅雨鋒面不同類型的強降雨事件進行模擬研究,以評估模式對其動力結構與雲微物理特徵的模擬能力。此三個不同綜觀條件下的個案為:(一) IOP(intensive observing period)-8:6月14日的鋒前颮線(Pre-Frontal Squall Line, PFSL)、(二)6月16日伴隨西南氣流的中尺度對流系統(Southwesterly monsoon Mesocale Convective System, SWMCS)以及(三) IOP-3:5月31日的鋒面對流。利用S-POL(S-band polarimetric Doppler radar system)偏極化雷達觀測資料所獲得的雲微物理資訊,以及使用日本名古屋大學太空地球環境研究所開發的雲解析風暴模式(Cloud-Resolving Storm Simulator, CReSS)3.4.2版進行1公里高解析度模擬進行比較。
    IOP-8 PFSL是在不穩定綜觀環境下,由華東地區的梅雨鋒面所觸發的,個案於6月14日自西向東移向臺灣,形成東北-西南走向的線狀雨帶。SWMCS則於6月16日在臺灣南部海面、沿海地區發展,在南海北部的不穩定環境,有利SWMCS的維持與發展。IOP-3的鋒面對流個案是受到梅雨鋒面南下影響,西南部迎風面山坡在下午發生了局部性強降雨。中層環境暖濕、西南氣流在中央山脈被地形強迫舉升,提供局部強降水發展所需的條件。
    模擬實驗結果顯示,CReSS模式針對三個降水系統的高解析度模擬中,在時間和空間尺度上,均有合理的模擬出降水系統的發展與演變。模式可模擬出PFSL內狹長的回波分佈特徵與其強對流結構,和SWMCS在臺灣西南部陸地以及海域消長的大範圍零散對流胞的發展。另外,可以模擬出小尺度的鋒面對流胞的生命週期與強度,甚至是模擬出對流胞之間的合併過程。
    整體來說,在三個個案中,模式皆有合理的模擬出融解層下方雨水區域與融解層上方的軟雹與雨水混相區域。三個個案所模擬的冰晶區域、雪區域與觀測相比,其分佈位置也屬合理。但也發現到,模式在模擬強對流時,其軟雹區域都比觀測範圍還要更大,整體來說,雖然三個個案模擬中的軟雹區域都較觀測要來的廣,但在對流強度與軟雹發展區域的相關性,則與觀測的特性一致。

    致謝 i 摘要 ii 目錄 iv 表次 vi 圖次 vii 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究動機 1 1-3 文獻回顧 3 1-4 論文結構 6 第二章 使用資料與方法 7 2-1 資料來源 7 2-2 模式介紹 7 2-3 模式雷達回波反演 10 2-4 模式設定 11 第三章 個案天氣分析與綜觀環境條件 13 3-1 IOP-8 個案 13 3-1-1 天氣分析 13 3-1-2 綜觀環境條件 14 3-2 IOP-3 個案 15 3-2-1 天氣分析 15 3-2-2 綜觀環境條件 16 第四章 觀測與模式結果比較 17 4-1 IOP-8 鋒前颮線的雲微物理特徵與比較 17 4-1-1 鋒前颮線的回波分佈特徵 17 4-1-2 鋒前颮線的回波剖面結構特徵 18 4-1-3 鋒前颮線的水象粒子分佈特徵 19 4-2 IOP-8 中尺度對流系統的雲微物理特徵與比較 20 4-2-1 中尺度對流系統的回波分佈特徵 20 4-2-2 中尺度對流系統的回波剖面結構特徵 21 4-2-3 中尺度對流系統的水象粒子分佈特徵 21 4-3 IOP-3 鋒面對流的雲微物理特徵與比較 22 4-3-1 鋒面對流的回波分佈特徵 22 4-3-2 鋒面對流的回波剖面結構特徵 23 4-3-3 鋒面對流的水象粒子分佈特徵 24 第五章 結論與未來展望 26 5-1 結論 26 5-2 未來展望 28 參考文獻 29 附表 34 附圖 35

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