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研究生: 黃立凡
Li-Fan Hunag
論文名稱: 西北太平洋-東亞地區 降雨之季節至年際變化
Rainfall variations in the western North Pacific and East Asian sector
指導教授: 曾莉珊
Tseng, Li-Shan
周佳
Chou, Chia
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 地球科學系
Department of Earth Sciences
論文出版年: 2005
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 141
中文關鍵詞: 降雨夏季季風年際變化
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 本研究將西北太平洋-東亞地區的降雨分為春雨期、梅雨期、西北太平洋夏季季風雨期、秋雨期以及冬雨期,對各降雨期降雨的主要機制以及水氣的主要來源分別做了探討。西北太平洋-東亞地區的濕季包括:5月底到7月中典型南北溫差造成的梅雨期;7月中到9月底海洋上的西北太平洋夏季季風雨期。梅雨期鋒面降雨水氣的主要來源為,夏季季風環流的西南風與副熱帶高壓的東南風輻合,提供了水氣給鋒面系統;南邊海上降雨系統主要為高海溫透過地表熱量通量的傳送,增加進入大氣的淨能(Fnet)而產生的對流為水氣主要來源。在西北太平洋夏季季風雨期,水氣的主要來源為和高海溫相關的Fnet所引起的對流系統。此季風系統造成季風槽的向東延伸,使副熱帶高壓北移,副高的下沉氣流抑制了北邊梅雨鋒面對流的發展,故此時北邊梅雨鋒面已減弱而消失。西北太平洋-東亞地區的乾季即為冬雨期,此時期大環境被強勁的東北風所影響,空氣乾冷,水氣的主要來源是北方的冷空氣和南方的暖空氣相遇,造成暖空氣的抬升而產生降雨。介於濕季與乾季間的過渡時期:9月底到11月中旬為濕季過渡到乾季的秋雨期;3月初到5月中為乾季過渡到濕季的春雨期。秋雨期降雨所需水氣的主要來源為高海溫所引起的熱帶對流,但此時北方已受東北風影響,大氣環境已經不利於降雨。當北方伴隨鋒面的冷空氣南下時,會抑制對流系統北緣對流的發展,使在北緯20度以北地區的降雨減少。春雨期大氣環境已經開始有利降雨,但相對於秋雨期而言,海溫偏冷不利於對流發生,春雨期水氣的主要來源為南方傳送過來的濕平流,此濕平流為伴隨向西延伸的太平洋副高所產生的。
    在年際變化部份,ENSO為影響西北太平洋-東亞地區最強的年際變化現象,在ENSO發生期間,春雨期、秋雨期以及西北太平洋夏季季風雨期降雨有明顯變化。El Nio(La Nia)發展年(year 0),西北太平洋地區的海溫偏低(高),減弱(增強)了熱帶對流,造成秋雨期降雨減少(增加)。El Nio(La Nia)消弱年(year 1),西北太平洋上所產生的反氣旋(氣旋)距平,使南方帶來的水氣增加(減少),造成春雨期降雨增加(減少)。El Nio在發展年與消弱年對於西北太平洋夏季季風區的影響是相反的,這樣的雙年變化(biennial variation)包括降雨、850毫巴的重力位高度場、海溫、風速風向以及Fnet都可以看到這樣相反的變化情形。El Nio year 0(year 1)在西北太平洋氣旋(反氣旋)距平的影響之下,使得西北太平洋夏季季風區的風速增強(減弱),使得蒸發量增加(減少),進而造成由Fnet所引起的上升(下沉)運動,造成西北太平洋夏季季風雨期的降雨是增加(減少),此時海溫並不如我們預期的對降雨有正回饋的貢獻。

    摘要………………………………………………………………………………….Ⅰ 致謝………………………………………………………………………………….Ⅲ 目錄………………………………………………………………………………….Ⅴ 圖目………………………………………………………………………………….Ⅶ 第一章 前言……………………………………………………………………….. 1 第二章 資料分析與方法………………………………………………………….10 2.1 資料來源……………………………………………………………….….10 2.2 分析方法…………………………………………………………………..11 第三章 西北太平洋-東亞地區 降雨的季節變化…………………………….13 3.1 主要降雨季節…….…………………………………………….…………13 3.2 濕季-夏季降雨…….…………………………………………………….20 3.2.1 梅雨期……………………………………………………………..21 3.2.2 西北太平洋夏季季風雨期………………………………………..24 3.3 乾季-冬雨期……………………………………………………………..28 3.4 過渡時期降雨……………………………………………………………..29 3.4.1 乾季過渡到濕季-春雨期………………………………………..29 3.4.2 濕季過渡到乾季-秋雨期………………………………………..31 3.5 討論……………………………………………………………………….33 第四章 西北太平洋-東亞地區 降雨的年際變化……………………………35 4.1 降雨年際變化與ENSO的關係…………………………………………35 4.2 春雨期降雨變化………………………………………………………….49 4.3 秋雨期降雨變化………………………………………………………….51 4.4 西北太平洋夏季季風雨期的雙年變化………………………………….52 第五章 結論與討論……………………………………………………………….54 5.1 西北太平洋-東亞地區 降雨的季節變化…………………………….54 5.2西北太平洋-東亞地區 降雨的年際變化……………………………..58 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………….61 圖表………………………………………………………………………………….71 附錄A………………………………………………………………………………109

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