本研究透過十二碼射門時不同的助跑角度（自選角度、30度、60度），探討射門目標位置不同時，最佳助跑角度。研究以八位甲組女子足球選手，分別以三種助跑角度踢擊球門左上角與右上角目標，利用高速攝影機擷取動作數據（250Hz）以及踢擊準確性（200Hz）。分析範圍從受試者踢球開始（踢擊腳後擺）至踢擊後延伸之動作（follow-through）。以Kwon 3D分析軟體，作數據量化處理。最終以單因子重複量數變異數分析，分別進行F考驗與事後比較。本研究顯著水準訂為α＝.05。結果：1.當踢擊目標為右上角時，選手採取不同的助跑角度，踢擊準確性並未達到顯著的差異（F=1.26, P＞.05）。當踢擊目標為左上角時，選手採取不同的助跑角度，則踢擊準確性會有顯著的差異（F=19.78, P＜.05）。2.不同助跑角度雖然影響球速的表現，然而實驗中三種不同助跑角度作踢擊，不論射門踢擊目標為右上角（F=5.95, P＞.05）或目標為左上角（F=1.93, P＞.05），在球速上並無顯著差異。3. 當射門目標位置為右上角時，踢擊腳後擺之踝關節角度於不同助跑角度作踢擊時，達顯著差異（F=8.7, P＜.05）。當射門目標位置為左上角時，踢擊腳後擺之髖、膝、踝三種關節角度皆達顯著差異（F=8.1, P＜.05）、（F=15.68, P＜.05）、（F=10.6, P＜.05）。當射門目標位置為右上角時，踢擊腳撞擊瞬間之膝、踝關節角度於不同助跑角度作踢擊時，達顯著差異（F=7.7, P＜.05）、（F=8.8, P＜.05）。當射門目標位置為左上角時，踢擊腳撞擊瞬間之髖、膝、踝三種關節角度皆達顯著差異（F=9.6, P＜.05）、（F=12.8, P＜.05）、（F=7.1, P＜.05）。依據本研究結果建議於十二碼射門時：1.當目標於右上角時，選擇較大的助跑角度。2.當目標位於左上角時，選擇較小的助跑角度。3. 要求踢擊準確性為首要目的而非球速。

沈進益（2003）。不同助跑角度足球定位踢遠之運動學分析。國立台灣師範大學體育學系碩士論文。
許樹淵（1976）。人體運動力學。臺北市：協進。
許伯陽、周靈山（2003）。2002世界盃足球賽比賽結果預測之研究。大專體育，12期，79-88。
蔡尚明、沈進益（2007）。從生物力學談足球腳背射門動作。中華體育季刊，第2 1 卷，106-113。
Apriantono, T., Nunome, H., Ikegami, Y. and Sano, S. (2006). The effect of muscle fatigue on instep kicking kinetics and kinematics in association football. Journal of Sports Sciences 24, 951-960.
Asai, T., Carre, M., Akatsuka, T. and Haake, S. (2002). The curve kick of a footbal I: impact with the foot. Sports Engineering 5, 183-192.
Barfield, W.R. (1998). Biomechanics of kicking in soccer. Clinical Sports Medicine 17, 711-728.
Barfield, W.R., Kirkendall, D. and Yu, B. (2002). Kinematic instep kicking differences between elite female and male soccer players. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 3, 72-79.
Commetti, G., Maffiuletti, N.A., Pousson, M., Chatard, J.C. and Maffulli, N. (2001). Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite and amateur French soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicin, 22, 45-51.
Carre, M., Asai, T., Akatsuka, T. and Haake, S. (2002. The curve kick of a footbal II: flight through the air. Sports Engineering 5, 193-200.
Dorge, H. C., Andersen, T. B., Sorensen H., & Simonsen, E. B.(2002). Biomechanical differences in soccer kicking with thepreferred and the non-preferred leg.Journal of Sports Sciences,20, 293–299.
Dorge, H. C & Andersen, T. B（2009）.The influence of speed of approach and accuracy constraint on the maximal speed of the ball in soccer kicking. Journal of medicine & science in sports, 21, 79-84
Ekblom, B. (1994) Football (soccer). Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Finnoff, J.T., Newcomber, K. & Laskowski, E.R. (2002). A valid and reliable method for measuring the kicking accuracy of soccer players, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 5(4), 348-353.
Godik, M., Fales, I. and Blashak, I. (1993). Changing the kicking accuracy of soccer players depending on the type, value and aims of training and competitive loads. In: Science and soccer II. Eds: Reilly, T., Clarys, J. and Stibbe, A. London: E&FN Spon. 254-260.
Gongbing Shan and Peter Westerhoff（2009）.Full-body Kinematic Characteristics of the Maximal Instep Soccer Kick by Male Soccer Players and Parameters Related to Kick Quality. Sports Biomechanics Vol.4 (1) 59-72
Hideyuki Ishii., Toshio Yanagiya., Hisashi Naito., Shizuo Katamoto., Takeo Maruyama. （2009）. Numerical study of ball behavior in side-foot soccer kick based on impact dynamic theory. Journal of Biomechanics（42）2712-2720.
Isokawa, M., & Lees, A. (1988). A biomechanical analysis of the instep kick motion in soccer. In T. Reilly, A. Lees, K. Davids, & W. J. Murphy (Eds.), Science and football (pp. 449-455). New York: E & FN Spon
Kuhn, W. (1988). Penalty-kick strategies for shooters and goalkeepers. In: Science and Football. Eds: Reilly, T., Lees, A., Davids, K. and Murphy, W.J. London, E and FN Spon. 489-492.
Kellis, E., Katis, A. and Gissis, I. (2004) .Knee biomechanics of the support leg in soccer kicks from three angles of approach. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise 36, 1017-1028.
Kellis, E., Katis, A. and Vrabas, I.S. (2006). Effects of an intermittent exercise fatigue protocol on biomechanics of soccer kick performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 16, 334-344.
K. Masuda , N. Kikuhara , S. Demura , S. Katsuta , K. Yamanaka（2005）.Relationship between muscle strength in various isokinetic movements and kick performance among soccer players. THE JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS 45:44-52.
Keiko Sakamotoa, Guido Geislerb, Masao Nakayamab, Takeshi Asaib (2010). Kinematics of the Foot Joint in Female Soccer Players during the Ball Impact Phase of Kicking. Doctoral program, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
Luhtanen, P. (1988). Kinematics and kinetics of maximal instep kicking in junior soccer players. In T. Reilly, A. Lees, K. Davids, & W. J. Murphy (Eds.), Science and football (pp. 441-448). New York: E & FN Spon.
Lees, A., & Nolan, L. (1998). The biomechanics of soccer: A review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16, 211-234.
Lees, A., Steward, I., Rahnama, N., & Barton, G. (2009). Understanding lower limb function in the performance of the maximal instep kick in soccer. In T. Reilly & G. Atkinson (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Sport, Leisure and Ergonomics (pp. 149–160). London: Routledge.
Lees , A., Asai ,T., Andersen ,T.B., Nunome , H., Sterzing, T. (2010). The biomechanics of kicking in soccer: A review. Journal of Sports Sciences,28(8): 805–817
Manolopoulos, E., Papadopoulos, C. and Kellis, E. (2006). Effects of combined strength and kick coordination training on soccer kick biomechanics in amateur players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 16, 102-110.
Narici, M., Sirtori, M. and Mognoni, P. (1988). Maximal ball velocity and peak torques of hip flexor and knee extensor muscles. In: Science and Football. Eds: Reilly, T., Lees, A., Davids, K. and Murphy, W.J. London: E & FN Spon. 429-433.
Nunome, H., Lake, M., Georgakis, A. and Stergioulas, L.K. (2006b). Impact phase kinematics of instep kicking in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences 24, 11-22.
Opavsky, P. (1988). An investigation of linear and angular kinematics of the leg during two types of soccer kick. In: Science and Football. Eds: Reilly, T., Lees, A., Davids, K. and Murphy, W.J. London: E & FN Spon. 456-459.
Ryuji, K., Osamu, M., Jiro, O., Senshi, F.（2007）.Kinetic comparison of a side-foot soccer kick between experienced and inexperienced players. Sports Biomechanics, 6(2): 187–198
Sterzing, T., Lange, J. S., Wächtler, T., Müller, C. & Milani, T.L. (2009). Velocity and accuracy as performance criteria for three different soccer kicking techniques, 27. International Society of Biomechanics in Sports Conference, Limerick, Ireland, 243-246.
Müller, C., Sterzing, T., Lange, J.S., Milani, T.L. (2010). Comprehensive evaluation of player-surface interaction on artificial soccer turf. Sports Biomechanics. 2010. 9(3):193-205.
Scurr, J., & Hall, B. (2009). The effects of approach angle on penalty kicking accuracy and kick kinematics with recreational soccer players. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8, 230-234
Weineck, J. (1997). Fußballtraining. Teil 1: Konditionstraining des Fussballspielers. Perimed: Spitta Verlag. (In German).
Wesson, J. (2002). The science of soccer. London: Institute of Physics Publishing.