椹頭黴屬(Cunninghamella Matruchot 1903)是毛黴目(Mucorales)中常見
的一屬，經常可從富含有機質的土壤中分離到它們。 以 Warcup's method
對臺灣地區 17 處採集地的土樣進行分離，共分離出 34 個菌株， 分屬於
刺孢椹頭黴 (C. echinulata (Thaxter) Thaxter) 、 短刺椹頭黴 (C.
blakesleeana Lendner) 、灰色椹頭黴 (C. bertholletiae Stadel) 和雅
致椹頭黴 (C. elegans Lendner) 等四種， 其中短刺椹頭黴和灰色椹頭黴
為臺灣之新記錄種。 這四種椹頭黴全部為全省性分佈，而刺孢椹頭黴的出
現頻率最高 (47 %) ，雅致椹頭黴的出現頻率最低 (29 %) 。 配對實驗的
結果顯示， 以接合孢子的形成與否作為界定種的主要標準，是確切可行的
。 同時， 30 ℃較 25 ℃更適於接合孢子的形成。這四種椹頭黴對溫度的
耐受力各有些許的差異，一般而言， 25-35 ℃為生長的最佳溫度範圍，且
能否在 10 ℃或 40 ℃的環境下生長，亦可作為鑑定種類的依據。 此外，
合成毛黴培養基 (SMA) 較麥芽抽出物培養基 (MEA) 更適合椹頭黴屬菌絲
體的生長。

The genus Cunninghamella Matruchot (1903) is one of the most
common members of the order Mucorales. They are frequently found
in soils rich in organic nutrients. By using Warcup's method, 34
strains of Cunninghamella were isolated from soils collected from
17 localities in Taiwan, and 4 species were identified as C.
echinulta (Thaxter) Thaxter, C. blakesleeana Lendner, C.
bertholletiae Stadel, and C. elegans Lendner. According to the
studies of the foregoing species, C. blakesleeana and C.
bertholletiae have been reported as new to the fungal flora of
Taiwan. In addition, C.echinulata has the highest frequency of
appearance about 47 %, and C. elegans has the lowest frequency of
appearance about 29 %. However, all of the four species are
extentively found throughout Taiwan. According to the results of
mating experiments, the compatible ability for these four species
to form zygospores may be regarded as the major criterion in the
identification of Cunninghamella species. Besides, 30 ℃ is
better than 25 ℃ for zygospore formation. The temperature
tolerance differs slightly in the four species. In general, the
optimal temperature range for the growth is between 25 ℃ and 35
℃. Whether or not these fungi can grow at 10 ℃ or 40 ℃ is a
simple but effective method to seperate the four species of
Cunninghamella. Synthetic mucor agar is better than malt-extract
agar for increasing the growth of mycelia in Cunninghamella.
The genus Cunninghamella Matruchot (1903) is one of the most