研究生: |
李祖文 Zu-wen Lee |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
台灣產石竹科石竹亞科植物之分類研究 A Taxonomic Study of Caryophyllaceae subfam. Silenoideae of Taiwan. |
指導教授: |
王震哲
Wang, Jenn-Che |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
生命科學系 Department of Life Science |
論文出版年: | 2004 |
畢業學年度: | 92 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 119 |
中文關鍵詞: | 石竹亞科 、石竹屬 、蠅子草屬 |
英文關鍵詞: | Caryophyllaceae, Dianthus, Silene |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:1213 下載:607 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究利用外部形態、花粉形態、細胞學及生態與地理分布等資料,針對台灣產石竹科(Caryophyllaceae)石竹亞科植物(subfam. Silenoideae),包含兩個屬—石竹屬(Dianthus)與蠅子草屬(Silene)進行分類研究。研究結果顯示在外部形態上,石竹屬與蠅子草屬之間可由花柱數目、花瓣、副萼片、萼片、種子及蒴果形態加以區分;花瓣、萼筒、種子及植株形態是種間區別的重要特徵;生長型式、蒴果形態、被毛類型及地理分布亦可作為分類鑑定之參考。花粉形態方面,花粉表面紋飾及萌發孔數存有種間差異,可作為部份類群分類之佐證。
細胞學研究方面,石竹屬的染色體基數為X=15,蠅子草屬則以2n=24最普遍;本研究共檢視14個分類群之染色體數目,其中五個分類群有多倍體現象。首次報導的種類包括巴陵石竹(D. palinensis)n=15、清水山石竹(D. seisuimontanus)n=15、二裂蠅子草(S. fortunei var. bilobata)n=15,蓬萊蠅子草(S. formosamontana)2n=72、玉山蠅子草(S. morrisonmontana var. morrisonmontana)2n=72與禿玉山蠅子草(S. morrisonmontana var. glabella)n=36。
根據研究結果將台灣產石竹亞科植物處理為二屬10種4變種,共14個分類群,包含8個特有類群,並發現一新種蓬萊蠅子草及一新紀錄種堅硬女婁菜(S. firma)。將白花玉山石竹(D. pygmaeus f. albiflorus)併入玉山石竹(D. pygmaeus),將台灣瞿麥(D. superbus var. taiwanensis)併入瞿麥(D. superbus var. superbus);確立被遺漏的瞿麥、清水山石竹與二裂蠅子草之存在;將高山蠅子草(S. transalpina)併入玉山蠅子草,禿玉山蠅子草改為玉山蠅子草之變種。
The subfamily Silenoideae (Caryophyllaceae) in Taiwan was taxonomically revised based on morphological, palynological, cytotaxonomic, phytogeographical, and ecological studies. Style numbers and morphology of petals, sepals, epicalyx, seeds and capsules were the most important characters in distinguishing the two genera in Taiwan. Morphology of petals, sepals, stem and seeds are the most valuable characters for taxonomy within the two genera. Distribution, life form, sepals, capsules morphology and types of hairs also provide useful application. For palynological study, the number of apertures and exine sculpturing show interspecific difference.
Cytologically, Dianthus have chromosome base number x=15, and 2n=24 is quite common in silene. The chromosome numbers of fourteen taxa were exeamind in this study. Five taxa were polyploid. Dianthus palinensis (n=15), D. seisuimontanus (n=15), S. fortunei var. bilobata (n=15), S. formosamontana (2n=72), S. morrisonmontana var. morrisonmontana (2n=72) and S. morrisonmontana var. glabella (n=36) were determined for the first time.
Ten species and four varieties of two genera were treated, including eight endemic taxa. A new species (S. formosamontana) and a new record (S. firma) were treated. Dianthus pygmaeus form. albiflorus was treated as synonymy of D. pygmaeus. Dianthus superbus var. taiwanensis was treated as synonymy of D. superbus var. superbus. Silene transalpina was treated as synonymy of S. morrisonmontana. Dianthus superbus var. superbus, D. seisuimontanus and S. fortunei var. bilobata were recognized. S. glabella was transfered as a variety of S. morrisonmontana.
郭華仁、應紹舜、蘇秀媛、陳勝皇 1999 溫度對蠅子草生長期間的影響:種原間的差異,雜草學會會刊,19:87-95。
賴瑞聲 2000 本地蠅子草(Silene fortunei Vis.)變種之形態及分子標記變異。國立台灣大學農藝學研究所碩士論文。
劉淑娟 2001 台灣產石竹科無心菜亞族植物之分類研究。國立台灣師範大學生物系碩士論文。
Abdel-Bari, E. 1973. Cytological studies in the genus Silene L. New Phytol. 72: 833-838.
Badr, A., M. A. Hamoud, & T. T Elkington. 1987. Cytology and taxonomic relationships of some taxa in the genus Silene L. Cytologia 52: 63-68.
Bittrich, V. 1993. Caryophyllaceae. In K. Kubitzki (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants. vol. 2. pp. 206-236. Springer-Verlag.
Ceschmedjiev, I. V. 1976. In IOPB chromosome number reports LIV. Taxon 25: 631-649. (*)
Chanda, S. 1962. On the pollen morphology of some Scandinavian Caryophyllaceae. Grana Palynol. 3(3): 67-89.
Chowdhuri, P. K. 1957. Studies in the genus Silene. Notes R. B. G. Edinb. 22: 221-278.
Collin, C. L. & J. A. Shykoff. 2003. Outcrossing rates in the gynomonoecious- gynodioecious species Dianthus Sylvestris (Caryophyllaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 90(4): 579-585.
Decreane, L. P. R., E. F. Smets, & P. Vanvinckenroye. 1998. Pseudodiplostemony, and its implications for the evolution of the androecium in the Caryophyllaceae. J. Pl. Res. 111: 25- 43.
Degraeve, N. 1980. Etude de diverses particularits caryotypiques des genres Silene, Lychnis et Melandrium. Bol. Soc. Brot. Ser. 2, 53: 595-643. (**)
Desfeux, C., M. Sandrine, H. Jean-Pierre, L. Bernard, & G. Pierre-Henri. 1996. Evolution of reproductive system in the genus Silene. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 263: 409-414.
Dmitrieva, S. A., V. I. Parfenov & I. V. Schvec. 1977. The karyological characterization of some species of the Belorussian flora. Vesci Akad. Navuk Belarusk SSR, Ser. Bi jal. Seľ skagasp. Navuk. 19: 82-91. (*)
Dobeš, C. & B. Hahn, 1997. IOPB chromosome data 11. Newslett. Int. Organ. Pl. Biosyst. (Oslo) 26/27: 15-18. (*****)
Erdtman, G. 1952. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy: Angiosperm. pp. 50-51. Alimguist & Wikseiis, Uppsala.
Erdtman, G., B. Berglund, & J. Praglowski, 1961. An introduction to a Scandinavian pollen flora. Stockholm: Almqvist. Wiksell.
Erdtman, G., J. Praglowski, & S. Nilsson, 1963. An introduction to a Scandinavian pollen flora. Ⅱ. Almqvist & Wiksell. Uppsala.
Ghazanfer, S. A. 1983. Cytological studies in the genus Silene. New Phytol. 93: 123-127.
Greuter, W. 1995. Silene (Caryophyllaceae) in Greece: a subgeneric and sectional classification. Taxon 44: 543-581.
Hayata, B. 1908. Flora Montana Formosae. J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 25(19): 55-59.
Hayata, B. 1911. Flora Montana Formosae. J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 35-37.
Hayata, B. 1913. Icones Plantarum Formosanarum. vol. 3 pp. 34-38. Bureau of Forestry. Taihoku (Taipei), Taiwan.
Hayata, B. 1916. General index to the flora of Formosa. Supplement to Icones Plantarum Formosanarum. Vol. 6 pp. 6-7. Bureau of Forestry. Taihoku (Taipei), Taiwan.
Heaslip, M. B. 1951. Some cytological aspects in the evolution of certain species of the plant genus Silene. Ohio J. Sci. 51. 62-70.
Henry, A. 1896. A list of plants from Formosa with some preliminary remarks on the geography, nature of the flora and economic botany of the island. Trans. Asiat. Soc. Japan 24. Suppl.:19.
Hosokawa, T. 1933. Revisio ad Floram Formosanam II. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Form. 23: 93.
Hsu. C. C. 1968. Preliminary chromosome studies on the vascular plants of Taiwan (Ⅱ). Taiwania 14(1): 11-27.
Huang, T. C. 1972. Pollen Flora of Taiwan. p. 266. Bot. Dept. Press. Natl. Taiwan Univ. Taipei.
Iwarsson, M. 1977. Pollen morphology of east African Caryophyllaceae. Grana 16: 15-22.
Khoshoo, T. N. 1960. Basic chromosome numbers in Silene and Saponaria. Nature 186: 412-413.
Kirschner, J., J. Stpnek, & J. Stpnkov. 1982. IOPB chromosome number reports LXXVI. Taxon 31(3): 574-575. (*)
Kliphuis, E. 1979. IOPB chromosome number reports LXIV. Taxon 28: 398-400. (**)
Kovanda, M. 1984. Chromosome number in selected Angiosperms (2). Preslia 56: 289-301. (***)
Kudo, Y. & G. Masamune. 1932. Genera Plantarum Formosanarum. Ann. Rep. Taihoku Bot. Gard. 2: 66-68.
Ladero, M., S. Rivas-Martinez, A. Amor, M. T. Santos, & M. T. Alonso. 1999. New hybrid of genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae) in the Serra da Estrela, Portugal. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 130: 69-80. (*****)
Liu, T. S. & S. S. Ying. 1976. Caryophyllaceae. In H. L. Li et al. (eds.), Flora of Taiwan. vol. 2. pp. 332-344.
Lve, & D. Lve. 1975. IOPB chromosome number reports XLIX. Taxon 24: 504-507. (*)
Lvkvist, B. & U. M. Hultgrd. 1999. Chromosome numbers in south Swedish vascular plants. Opera Botanica 137: 1-42. (*****)
Lu, D. Q. 1996. Dianthus. In Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Tomus. 26. pp.278-402. Science Press. Beijing.
Lu, D. Q., & N. J. Turland. 2001. Dianthus. In Z. Y. Wu. & P. H. Raven (eds). Flora of China. vol. 6. pp.102-107. Science Press. Beijing.
Malakhova, L. A. 1990. Kariologocheskij analiz prirodnykh populjacij redkich i ischezajushchikh rastenij na juge Tomskoj Oblasti. Bjulleten' Glavnogo Botaniceskogo Sada.155: 60-66. (*****)
Masamune, G. 1934. On some noteworthy plants from the Island of Formosa. J. Soc. Agric. Form. 6: 570.
Masamune, G. 1936. Caryophyllaceae. Short flora of Formosa. pp. 60-62. The editorial department of Kudoa Taihoku, Taiwan.
Masamune, G. 1941. Miscellaneous notes on flora of the Eastern Asia. Trans (20). Hist. Soc. Form. 31: 339-334.
Masamune, G. 1943. Miscellaneous notes on flora of the Eastern Asia (28). Trans. Hist. Soc. Form. 33: 618-619.
Masamune, G. 1954. Caryophyllaceae. A list of vasacular plants of Taiwan. pp. 43-44.
McNeill, J. & C. W. Crompton. 1978. Pollen dimorphism in Silene alba (Caryophyllaceae). Can. J. Bot. 56: 1280-1286.
Melzheimer, V. & J. Damboldt. 1973. Zur Morphologie und Cytologie tetraploider Sippen von Silene vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae). Willdenowia. 7: 83-100.
Melzheimer, V. 1974. Bemerkungen zur cytology einiger arten der gattung Silene L. von der Balkan-Halbinsel. Candollea 29: 337-343.
Melzheimer, V. 1975. Pollensystematische Untersuchungen in der Gattung Silene L. (Caryophyllaceen). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 95: 215-225.
Monger, F. 2001. Molecular and evolutionary analysis of a plant Y chromosome. Life Sciences 324: 531-535.
Nishikawa, T. 1985. Chromosome counts of flowering plants of Hokkaido (8). J. of Hokkaido University of Education : Section IIB 35: 97-111. (****)
Ohwi, J. & H. Ohashi. 1974. New combination in Japanese and Formosan Silene (Caryophyllaceae). J. Jap. Bot. 49: 345.
Ohwi, J. 1934. Plantae Novae Japonicae. Fedde Repert. 36: 47-48.
Ohwi, J. 1943. Symbolae ad Floram Asiae Orientalis 19. Acta. Phytotax. Geobot. 12: 133.
Oxelman, B., M. Lidn, & B. Daniel, 1997. Chloroplast rps16 intron phylogeny of the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 206: 393-410.
Oxelman, B., & M. Lidn, 1995. Generic boundaries in the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae) as inferred from nuclear rDNA sequences. Taxon 44: 525-542.
Petrova, A. V. 1975. In IOPB chromosome number reports XLIX. Taxon 24: 501-516. (*)
Petrova, A. & K. Stoyanova. 1998. Mediterranean chromosome number reports 8 (941-960). Flora Mediterranea 8: 251-262. (*****)
Prentice. H. C., O. Mastenbroek, W. Berendsen, & P. Hogeweg, 1984. Geographic variation in the pollen of Silene latifolia (S. alba, S. pratensis): a quantitative morphological analysis of population data. Can. J. Bot. 62: 1259-1267.
Punt, W. 1986. Funtional factors influencing pollen form. Pollen and spores-form and function. pp. 97-101. Blackmore Ferguson.
Rostovtseva, T. S., I. M. Krasnoborov & S. A. Krasnikova. 1981. Chisla khromosome nekotorych vidov flory Sibiri. Sb. Novye Dannve o Fitogeografii Sibiri. 215-220. (**)
Skalinska, M., E. Pogan, R. Czapik & ET Al. 1978. Further studies in chromosome number of Polish angiosperms. XII. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. 21: 31-63. (*)
Stace, C. A. 1989. Plant taxonomy and biosystematics. 2nd ed. pp. 71, 109-117.
Tang, C. L. 1996. Silene. In Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Tomus. 26. pp.278-402. Science Press. Beijing.
Tani, K. 1981. Chromosomes of some species in Caryophyllaceae. Tokushima-ken Keto-gakko Rikagakkaishi 22: 20-27. (**)
Thanikaimoni, G. 1986. Pollen apertures: form and function. Pollen and Spores: Form and Function. pp. 119-135.
van Loon, J. C. & A. K. Van Setten. 1982. In IOPB chromosome number reports LXXVI. Taxon 31: 89-592. (***)
van Loon, J. C. & B. Kieft. 1980. In IOPB chromosome number reports LXVIII. Taxon 29: 538-542. (**)
Weiss, H., C. Dobeš, Gerald M. Schneeweiss & J. Greimler. 2002. Occurrence of tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes between and within populations in Dianthus sect. Plumaria (Caryophyllaceae). New Phytologist. 156: 85-94.
Westergaard, M., 1958. The mechanism of sex determination in dioecious flowering plants. Adv. Genet. 9: 217-281.
Yang, Y. P., H. Y. Liu & S. Y. Lu. 1997. Caryophyllaceae. Manual of Taiwan vascular plants. 2: 109-115. The Council of Agriculture. The executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ying, S. S. 1975a. A list of alpine plants of Taiwan. Quart. J. Chin. For. 8(3): 119-120.
Ying, S. S. 1975b. Alpine Plants of Taiwan in Color. vol. 1. pp. 57-58. Published by the auther. Taipei.
Ying, S. S. 1980. Coloured Illustrated herbaceous Plants of Taiwan. vol. 1. pp. 128. Published by the auther. Taipei.
Ying, S. S. 1984. Coloured Illustrated Flora of Taiwan. vol. 1. pp. 694. Published by the auther. Taipei.
Ying, S. S. 1987. Coloured Illustrated Flora of Taiwan. vol. 2. pp. 693-696. Published by the auther. Taipei.
Ying, S. S. 1996. Caryophyllaceae. In H. L. Li et al. (eds.), Flora of Taiwan 2nd ed. vol. 2. pp. 342-371.
Zaborsky, J. 1974. In index of chromosome numbers of Slovakian flora. Part 4. Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comenianae, Bot. 23: 1-23. (*)
Zhang, T. J. 1992. The chromosome numbers of nine species of medicinal plants. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs: 23(2): 88-89. (*****)
Zhang, Y. X. 1994. Studies on chromosomes of some plants from Guandi Mountain, Shanxi. J. of Wuhan Botanical Research 12(2): 201-206. (*****)
Zhou, Lihua., Z. Y. Wu, M. Liden, B. Oxelman. 2001. Silene. In Z. Y. Wu. & P. H. Raven (eds). Flora of China. vol. 6. pp.66-100. Science Press. Beijing.
(*)cited from
Goldblatt, P. 1981. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1975-1978. pp. 174-181. Missouri Botanical Garden. USA.
(**)cited from
Goldblatt, P. and D. E. Johnson. 1984. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1979-1981. pp. 135-140. Missouri Botanical Garden. USA.
(**)cited from
Goldblatt, P. 1985. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1982-1983. pp. 74-78. Missouri Botanical Garden. USA.
(****)cited from
Goldblatt, P. 1985. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1982-1983. pp. 74-76. Missouri Botanical Garden. USA.
(*****)cited from
http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/ipcn.html