The rapidly changing business environment and the ever-increasing competition between and within business sectors often cause employees to resign, complaining of stress and decease in employees’ work engagement. Especially in Korea, the high stress in financial workers is causing many diseases. To cope with this, recently mindfulness intervention and mindful trait have been paid to taking care of the issue. The relevant studies still lasted with limited numbers, especially working related outcomes. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between mindfulness and work engagement by adopting the concepts and basis of mindfulness in attention to Monitoring and Acceptance Theory (MAT theory). The mediating effect of emotion regulation is based on its recent neurological research achievements from previous research for reaching the understanding of the mechanism of the work-related outcome of mindfulness. The results of the study were identified as follows: first, the relationship between mindfulness (awareness and acceptance) and work engagement demonstrated to be significant, and both dimensions of mindfulness predicted work engagement. Second, awareness positively predicted cognitive reappraisal in this study. Third, cognitive reappraisal positively mediated the relationship between mindfulness with awareness and work engagement. The conclusion of the study is that mindfulness is positively related to work engagement through emotional regulation strategy, cognitive reappraisal. In organizations that try to set up a new mindfulness training program, it is better to bear in mind that your mindfulness program can bring emotional suppression and cultivate positive reappraisal your fast memories. It is expected that this study could provide a theoretical understanding of mindfulness with work related outcomes to an individual who wants to learn the effect of mindfulness on their work or organization considering employee training for employees’ wellness.

Avery, D., McKay, P., & Wilson, D. (2007). Engaging the aging workforce: The relationship between perceived age similarity, satisfaction with coworkers, and employee engagement. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1542–1556.
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191104268029
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504
Bakker, Arnold B., Albrecht, S. L., & Leiter, M. P. (2011). Key questions regarding work engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2010.485352
Bakker, Arnold B., & Bal, P. M. (2010). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(1), 189–206. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X402596
Bakker, Arnold B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13(3), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430810870476
Bakker, Arnold B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work and Stress, 22(3), 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393649
Banks, S. J., Eddy, K. T., Angstadt, M., Nathan, P. J., & Luan Phan, K. (2007). Amygdala-frontal connectivity during emotion regulation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2(4), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsm029
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., …& Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230–241. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bph077
Bledow, R., Schmitt, A., Frese, M., & Kühnel, J. (2011). The affective shift model of work engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(6), 1246–1257. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024532
Borkovec, T. D. (1994). The nature, functions, and origins of worry. In G. C. L. D. & F. Tallis (Ed.), Worrying: Perspectives on Theory, Assessment, and Treatment (pp. 5–33). John Wiley & Sons.
Bouckenooghe, D., Raja, U., & Abbas, M. (2014). How does self-regulation of emotions impact employee work engagement: The mediating role of social resources. Journal of Management and Organization, 20(4), 508–525. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.43
Brett, M., Johnsrude, I. S., & Owen, A. M. (2002). The problem of functional localization in the human brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3(3), 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn756
Bridges, L. J., Denham, S. A., & Ganiban, J. M. (2004). Definitional issues in emotion regulation research. Child Development, 75(2), 340–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00675.x
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: Observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 242–248. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bph078
Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400701598298
Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: The philadelphia mindfulness scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191107311467
Carmines, E. G. (1983). An Introduction to the Analysis of Models with Unobserved Variables Society for Political Methodology An Introduction to the Analysis of Models with Unobserved Variables Author ( s ): Edward G . Carmines and John P . McIver Published by : Oxford Universit. Political Methodology, 9(1), 51–102. https://doi.org/10.2307/25791175
Cascio, W. F. (1995). Whither industrial and organizational psychology in a changing world of work? American Psychologist, 50(11), 928–939. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.11.928
Chambers, R., Gullone, E., & Allen, N. B. (2009, August 1). Mindful emotion regulation: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, Vol. 29, pp. 560–572. Pergamon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.005
Kim, CH. (2003). 제 2 금융권 구조조정의 현황과 문제점 [Current Status and Problems of Restructuring in Nonmonetary Institutions]. Retrieved from http://www.klsi.org/content/제2금융권-구조조정의-현황과-문제점
Chaudhary, R., & Rangnekar, S. (2017). Socio-demographic factors, contextual factors, and work engagement: Evidence from India. Emerging Economy Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/2394901517696646
Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 449–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.003
Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy people: A review and meta-analysis. Ournal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(5), 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0495
Crawford, E. R., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 834–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019364
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. In Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Curry, D. (2020). Calm Revenue and Usage Statistics. Retrieved January 5, 2021, from Business of Apps website: https://www.businessofapps.com/data/calm-statistics/
Cutuli, D. (2014). Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies role in the emotion regulation: an overview on their modulatory effects and neural correlates. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8, article175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00175
Dane, E. (2011). Paying attention to mindfulness and its effects on task performance in the workplace. Journal of Management, 37(4), 997–1018. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310367948
Dane, E., & Brummel, B. J. (2014). Examining workplace mindfulness and its relations to job performance and turnover intention. Human Relations, 67(1), 105–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726713487753
Davidson, I., Romier, C., Lavigne, A. C., Birck, C., Mengus, G., Poch, O., & Moras, D. (1998). Functional and structural analysis of the subunits of human transcription factor TFIID. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 63, 233–241. https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.1998.63.233
Erdfelder, E., FAul, F., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Evans, D. R., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2011). Why do mindful people worry less? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35(6), 505–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-010-9340-0
Farb, N. A. S., Anderson, A. K., Mayberg, H., Bean, J., McKeon, D., & Segal, Z. V. (2010). Minding one’s emotions: Mindfulness training alters the neural expression of sadness. Emotion, 10(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017151
Federman, B. (2009). Employee engagement : A roadmap for creating profits, optimizing performance, and increasing loyalty. Jossey-Bass.
Feldman, G., Hayes, A., Kumar, S., Greeson, J., & Laurenceau, J. P. (2007). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: The development and initial validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29(3), 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-006-9035-8
Frewen, P. A., Evans, E. M., Maraj, N., Dozois, D. J. A., & Partridge, K. (2008). Letting go: Mindfulness and negative automatic thinking. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(758–774).
Gaskin, J., James, M., & L. J. (2020). Indirect Effects (p. AMOS Plugin). p. AMOS Plugin. Gaskination’s StatWiki. http://statwiki.kolobkreations.com/index.php?title=Plugins
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update (4th ed.). In BrJHaematol (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Ghashghaei, H. T., Hilgetag, C. C., & Barbas, H. (2007). Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the anatomic dialogue between prefrontal cortex and amygdala. NeuroImage, 34(3), 905–923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.046
Giluk, T. L. (2010). Mindfulness-based stress reduction: Facilitating work outcomes through experienced affect and high-quality relationships. (University of Iowa). University of Iowa. Retrieved from http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3422138%5Cnhttp://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=psyc7&NEWS=N&AN=2011-99070-381
Glomb, T. M., Duffy, M. K., Bono, J. E., & Yang, T. (2011). Mindfulness at work. In Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management (Vol. 30). Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-7301(2011)0000030005
Good, D. J., Lyddy, C. J., Glomb, T. M., Bono, J. E., Brown, K. W., Duffy, M. K., …& Lazar, S. W. (2016). Contemplating mindfulness at work: An integrative review. Journal of Management, 42, 114–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315617003
Grandey, A. A., & Melloy, R. C. (2017). The state of the heart: Emotional labor as emotion regulation reviewed and revised. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 407–422. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000067
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00573-7
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis. In New Jersey. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.001
Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Wheeler, A. R. (2008). The relative roles of engagement and embeddedness in predicting job performance and intention to leave. Work and Stress, 22(3), 242–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802383962
Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268 –279. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.2.268
Hayes, A. M., & Feldman, G. (2004). Clarifying the construct of mindfulness in the context of emotion regulation and the process of change in therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 255–262. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bph080
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(4), 1152–1168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152
Herbert, J. D., & Cardaciotto, L. (2005). An Acceptance and Mindfulness-Based Perspective on Social Anxiety Disorder. In S. M. Orsillo & L. Roemer (Eds.), Series in anxiety and related disorders. Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches to anxiety: Conceptualization and treatment, 189–212. Springer Science + Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25989-9_8
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J. P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling : Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Hülsheger, U. R., Alberts, H. J. E. M., Feinholdt, A., & Lang, J. W. B. (2013). Benefits of mindfulness at work: The role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 310–325. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031313
Hülsheger, U. R., Lang, J. W. B., Depenbrock, F., Fehrmann, C., Zijlstra, F. R. H., & Alberts, H. J. E. M. (2014). The power of presence: The role of mindfulness at work for daily levels and change trajectories of psychological detachment and sleep quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(6), 1113–1128. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037702
Hyeongju, J. (2020, January 24). No return to major finance company, rather stay in fintech company. Bussiness Insight. Retrieved from https://biz.insight.co.kr/news/264685
Ioannidis, C. A., & Siegling, A. B. (2015). Criterion and incremental validity of the emotion regulation questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, article 247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00247
Ivanovski, B., & Malhi, G. S. (2007). The psychological and neurophysiological concomitants of mindfulness forms of meditation. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 19(2), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00175.x
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living:Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. In The Nurse Practitioner. Bantam. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006205-199202000-00020
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. In Behaviour Research and Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)90133-7
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287
Kahn, W. A. (2010). The essence of engagement: Lessons from the field. In S. L. Albrecht (Ed.), Handbook of Employee Engagement: Perspectives, Issues, Research and Practice (pp. 20–30). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Kishton, J. M., & Widaman, K. F. (1994). Unidimensional versus domain representative parceling of questionnaire items: An empirical example. Educational and Psychological Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164494054003022
Klatt, M. D., Buckworth, J., & Malarkey, W. B. (2009). Effects of low-dose mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR-ld) on working adults. Health Education and Behavior, 36(3), 601–614. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198108317627
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-03476-000
Korean standard industrial classification. (2017). Deajeon.
Langelaan, S., Bakker, A. B., van Doornen, L. J. P., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement: Do individual differences make a difference? Personality and Individual Differences, 40(3), 521–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.009
Lee, K. (2018). Mentalligence : A new psychology of thinking : Learn what it takes to be more agile, mindful, and connected in today’s world. Health Communications Inc EB.
Leroy, H., Anseel, F., Dimitrova, N. G., & Sels, L. (2013). Mindfulness, authentic functioning, and work engagement: A growth modeling approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 82(3), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.01.012
Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT). Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 48–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.011
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007, September). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 541–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
Lutz, A., Slagter, H. A., Dunne, J. D., & Davidson, R. J. (2008). Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(4), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.005
Madrid, H. P., Totterdell, P., Niven, K., & Vasquez, C. A. (2018). Investigating a process model for leader affective presence, interpersonal emotion regulation, and interpersonal behaviour in teams. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 27(5), 642–656. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1505719
Malinowski, P., & Lim, H. J. (2015). Mindfulness at work: Positive affect, hope, and optimism mediate the relationship between dispositional mindfulness, work engagement, and well-being. Mindfulness, 6, 1250–1262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0388-5
Manpower Supply and Demand Report of Financial and Insurance Industry. (2017) Manpower supply and demand 2017 report. Retrieved from http://www.isckorea.or.kr/minipage/kofia.do#p4
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause personal stress and what to do about it. In Atlantic. Jossey-Bass.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 397–422.
Mauno, S., Kinnunen, U., & Ruokolainen, M. (2007). Job demands and resources as antecedents of work engagement: A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70, 149–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2006.09.002
McDonald, R. P., & Ho, M. H. R. (2002). Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 64–82. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.64
Monshat, K., Khong, B., Hassed, C., Vella-Brodrick, D., Norrish, J., Burns, J., & Herrman, H. (2013). “A conscious control over life and my emotions:” mindfulness practice and healthy young people. A qualitative study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(5), 572–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.008
Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Alstine, J. Van, Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 105(3), 430–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.430
National Assembly of the Republic of Korea and Environment & Labor Committee. 과로사로 인한 국민건강보험 청구와 승인에 대한 보고서 [Analysis of cases of application and approval of overworked deaths., (2017)
Ochsner, K. N., Bunge, S. A., Gross, J. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2002). Rethinking feelings: An fMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(8), 1215–1229. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892902760807212
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2020). Average annual hours actually worked per worker. Retrieved from OECD website: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ANHRS
Padula, R. S., Chiavegato, L. D., Cabral, C. M. N., Almeid, T., Ortiz, T., & Carregaro, R. L. (2012). Is occupational stress associated with work engagement ? Work, 41, 2963–2965. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2012-0549-2963
Parmentier, F. B. R., García-Toro, M., García-Campayo, J., Yañez, A. M., Andrés, P., & Gili, M. (2019). Mindfulness and symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population: The mediating roles of worry, rumination, reappraisal and suppression. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 506. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00506
Peck, J., & Tickell, A. (2002). Neoliberalizing space. Antipode, 34(3), 380–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00247
Petchsawang, P., & McLean, G. N. (2017). Workplace spirituality, mindfulness meditation, and work engagement. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 14(3), 216–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2017.1291360
Philip M Podasakoff, Scott B MacKenzie, Jeong-Yeon Lee, & Nathan P Podsakoff. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.
Phillips, P. E. M., Stuber, G. D., Helen, M. L. A. V., Wightman, R. M., & Carelli, R. M. (2003). Subsecond dopamine release promotes cocaine seeking. Nature, 422(6932), 614–618. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01476
Quirk, G. J., & Beer, J. S. (2006). Prefrontal involvement in the regulation of emotion: convergence of rat and human studies. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 16(6), 723–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2006.07.004
Rayton, B. A., & Yalabik, Z. Y. (2014). Work engagement, psychological contract breach and job satisfaction. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(17), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.876440
Reb, J., Narayanan, J., & Chaturvedi, S. (2014). Leading mindfully: Two studies on the influence of supervisor trait mindfulness on employee well-being and performance. Mindfulness, 5(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0144-z
Reb, J., Narayanan, J., Chaturvedi, S., & Ekkirala, S. (2017). The mediating role of emotional exhaustion in the relationship of mindfulness with turnover intentions and job performance. Mindfulness, 8(3), 707–716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0648-z
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 698–714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 617–635. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.51468988
Robinson, D., Perryman, S., & Hayday, S. (2004). The Drivers of employee engagement. INSTITUTE FOR EMPLOYMENT STUDIES. https://doi.org/IES Report No. 408.
Roemer, L., Lee, J. K., Salters-Pedneault, K., Erisman, S. M., Orsillo, S. M., & Mennin, D. S. (2009). Mindfulness and emotion regulation difficulties in generalized anxiety disorder: Preliminary evidence for independent and overlapping contributions. Behavior Therapy, 40(2), 142–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.04.001
Rosenzweig, S., Reibel, D. K., Greeson, J. M., Brainard, G. C., & Hojat, M. (2003). Mindfulness-based stress reduction lowers psychological distress in medical students. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 15(2), 88–92. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328015TLM1502_03
Rovine, M. J., & Von Eye, A. (1997). A 14th way to look at a correlation coefficient: Correlation as the proportion of matches. American Statistician, 42(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1997.10473586
Sahdra, B. K., Shaver, P. R., & Brown, K. W. (2010). A scale to measure nonattachment: A buddhist complement to western research on attachment and adaptive functioning. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(2), 116–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890903425960
Salanova, M., Llorens, S., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2011). Yes, i can, i feel good, and i just do it! On gain cycles and spirals of efficacy beliefs, affect, and engagement. Applied Psychology, 60(2), 255–285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2010.00435.x
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Defining and measuring work engagement: Bringing clarity to the concept. A. B. Bakker (Ed.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 10–24). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203853047
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gon Alez-ro, V. A., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92.
Morgan, D. (2003). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. Psychotherapy Research, 13:1, 123-125, DOI: 10.1080/713869628
Sonnentag, S. (2003). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518–528. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.518
Sonnentag, S., Dormann, C., & Demerouti, E. (2010). Not all days are created equal: The concept of state work engagement. In Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research (pp. 25–38). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203853047
Tang, Y. Y., & Posner, M. I. (2009). Attention training and attention state training. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(5), 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.01.009
Teper, R., & Michael, I. (2013). Meditation, mindfulness and executive control: the importance of emotional acceptance and brain-based performance monitoring. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(1), 85–92.
Teper, R., Segal, Z. V., & Inzlicht, M. (2013). Inside the mindful mind: How mindfulness enhances emotion regulation through improvements in executive control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 449–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413495869
Thompson, B. L., & Waltz, J. (2010). Mindfulness and experiential avoidance as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder avoidance symptom severity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(4), 409–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.005
Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2–3), 25–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01276.x
Ullman, J. B. (2006). Structural equation modeling: Reviewing the basics and moving forward. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8701_03
Vago, D. R., & Nakamura, Y. (2011). Selective attentional bias towards pain-related threat in fibromyalgia: Preliminary evidence for effects of mindfulness meditation training. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35, 581–594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-011-9391-x
Vasudevan, R. (2019). The Global Class War. In Catalyst (pp. 110–139). Wiley.
Wegner, D. M., Erber, R., & Zanakos, S. (1993). Ironic processes in the mental control of mood and mood-related thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(6), 1093–1104. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.6.1093
Wenzlaff, R. M., & Wegner, D. M. (2000). Thought suppression. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 59–91. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.59
Westen, D. (1996). Psychology: Mind, brain, & culture(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons Inc. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1999-02064-000
World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). Burn-out an occupational phenomenon: International Classification of Diseases. Retrieved from International Classification of Disease website: https://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/burn-out/en/
Williams, J. C., & Lynn, S. J. (2010). Acceptance: An historical and conceptual review. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 30(1), 5–56. https://doi.org/10.2190/ic.30.1.c
Wolever, R. Q., Bobinet, K. J., McCabe, K., Mackenzie, E. R., Fekete, E., Kusnick, C. A., & Baime, M. (2012). Effective and viable mind-body stress reduction in the workplace: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(2), 246–258. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027278
Wu, T. J., Yeh, C. F., & Xu, T. (2019). The relationship of emotion regulation, work engagement and spiritual leadership - A case of environmental service industry. Ekoloji, 28(107), 1281–1286.
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82, 183–200. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X285633
Xu, J., & Thomas, H. C. (2011). How can leaders achieve high employee engagement. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731111134661
Zahra, S. S., Khan, M. I., Imran, M., Aman, Q., & Ali, R. (2018). The relationship between job stress and turnover intentions in the pesticide sector of Pakistan : An employee behavior perspective. Management Issues in Healthcare System, 4, 1–12.
Zheng, C. S., Gunasekara, A., & Blaich, S. (2018). Mindfulness and work engagement: The mediating effect of psychological flourishing. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2018(1), 12210. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.12210abstract
Zohar, A., & Dori, Y. J. (2003). Higher order thinking skills and low-achieving students: Are they mutually exclusive? Journal of the Learning Sciences, 12(2), 145–181. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327809JLS1202_1