簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 洪偉欽
Wei-Chin Hong
論文名稱: 不同族群體適能相關基因之多型性研究
The research of polymorphisms on fitness related genes among different ethnic groups
指導教授: 方進隆
Fang, Chin-Lung
郭漢彬
Kuo, Han-Pin
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 體育學系
Department of Physical Education
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 70
中文關鍵詞: 族群體適能聚合酶連鎖反應多型性
英文關鍵詞: ethnic groups, physical fitness, PCR, polymorphism
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:190下載:16
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究目的在比較台灣地區平地人、原住民、頂尖運動員之球類選手與武術選手間不同族群的體適能現況,並且探討四組族群間體適能相關基因多型性之差異性。以台灣地區男性平地人、原住民與頂尖運動選手共182人為研究對象 (平均年齡為21歲),進行身體質量指數 (BMI)、握力 (肌力)、仰臥起坐 (肌耐力)、1600公尺跑 (心肺耐力)等體適能檢測,並且採集受試者血液,以聚合酶連鎖反應(PCR)進行基因分析,檢測ADRB2、ADRB3、NOS3、iNOS、CETP等基因之多型性。所得資料以單因子變異數分析以及卡方檢驗進行資料分析。本研究經統計後,發現以下結果:
    1. 族群間體適能有差異性存在,武術組在各項體適能測驗表現(仰臥起坐、握力、1600公尺跑)均優於其他各組(p<.05);而四組間BMI並無顯著差異。
    2. 族群間身體組成之相關基因多型性比較,原住民組ADRB3基因的Trp/Arg型在BMI (p<.05) 顯著高於Trp/Trp型。此結果顯示ADRB3基因與原住民身體質量指數有相關。
    3. 族群間肌力相關基因多型性之比較,武術組運動員在肌力與肌耐力之運動表現顯著優於其他各組 (p<.05) ,發現ADRB2之Gln/Glu基因型分佈比例偏高,而其他組別比例則以Gln/Gln型佔大多數,表示ADRB2基因Gln/Glu型與肌力、肌耐力有顯著相關。
    4. 族群間有氧耐力相關基因,iNOS多型性之G/G與G/T型分佈上,武術組與球類組選手均呈現顯著相關(p<.05),表示iNOS基因多型性之G/G型與有氧運動表現密切相關。
    5. 武術組與其他各組在NOS3基因的TT型與CT型比例分佈上截然不同,顯示頂尖武術選手可能擁有較高比例的NOS3基因CT型。
    6. 在族群的基因分佈,ADRB2基因的三個多型性中,僅原住民族群未出現Glu/Glu基因型。
      本研究之頂尖運動員擁有高頻率ADRB2基因的Gln/Gln型及NOS3基因的CT型,冀研究結果能提供運動科學及基因選才的參考。

    The purposes of this study were to compare the differences on fitness among local residents, aboriginals, elite ball athletes, and martial art athletes, and to assess the polymorphisms that occur in the variations of the fitness related gene among the above four groups. There were 182 local citizens, aboriginals and elite athletes were recruited as subject (average age were 21 years). The fitness tests that included body mass index (BMI), grip strength (muscular strength), sit-ups (muscular endurance) and one mile run (aerobic endurance) were administered. Additionally, blood samples were collected and gene-mapping performed by PCR. The genotypes of the ADRB2, ADRB3, NOS3, iNOS and CETP genes were determined and analyzed. The collected data were analyzed by ANOVA and Chi-square. The conclusions of this study were as follows:
    1. The physical fitness performances included sit-ups, grip strength, one mile walk and run of martial art athletes were significantly better than that of other 3 groups (p <.05). There was no significant difference in BMI among 4 groups.
    2. Genotypes of the ADRB3 gene revealed a significantly higher frequency of the Trp/Arg genotype(p <.05)than the Trp/Trp genotype in aboriginals. This result indicated the ADRB3 gene was related to the BMI of aboriginals.
    3. Martial art athletes had significantly better performances in muscular strength and endurance than that of the other 3 groups ( p <.05) and had higher distributions of Gln/Glu genotypes. Meanwhile, the other 3 groups had more frequency of Gln/Gln genotypes than martial art athletes. The results seemed to show the close relationship of the Gln/Glu genotype of the ADRB2 gene with muscular strength and endurance.
    4. The distribution of G/G and G/T genotypes of the iNOS gene polymorphism were located significantly in both martial art and ball athletes groups(p <.05). It seemed that the T/T genotype of NOS3 was closely related to aerobic exercise.
    5. The distribution of the CT genotype of the NOS3 gene polymorphism in martial art athletes was significantly different from other 3 groups, indicating the martial art athletes may obtain more frequency of CT genotype.
    6. The ADRB2 was consisted of 3 polymorphisms of the other groups except aboriginals who didn’t have the Glu/Glu genotype.
    This study found that athletes had higher distributions of Gln/Gln polymorphism in ADRB2 gene and CT genotype in NOS3 could provide the bases for further research related to sport science and genetic selection.

    中文摘要 Ⅰ 英文摘要 Ⅲ 謝誌 Ⅴ 目次 Ⅵ 表次 Ⅸ 圖次 Ⅹ 第一章 緒論 一、前言 1 二、問題背景 1 三、研究目的 3 四、研究假設 3 五、研究範圍與限制 4 六、名詞操作性定義 4 第貳章 文獻探討 一、健康體適能與基因研究 6 二、不同族群與基因之相關研究 7 三、身體質量指數相關基因探討 8 四、肌力相關基因探討 9 五、心肺耐力相關基因探討 10 六、本章總結 11 第參章 研究方法與步驟 一、研究對象 13 二、實驗設計 13 三、實驗工具 13 四、實驗方法與程 14 五、血液處理與分析 14 六、資料處理 16 第肆章 結果 一、受試者各項測驗參數值 17 二、不同族群間體適能之差異 19 三、不同族群各項基因多型性之分佈 21 四、不同族群體適能與基因多型性之相關性 26 第伍章 討論 一、體適能與族群之差異性 29 二、體適能與基因多型性之相關性 30 三、不同族群體適能與基因多型性之探討 30 第陸章 結論與建議 一、結論 34 二、建議 35 引用文獻 36 附錄 附錄一 身體活動形態與體適能相關基因研究     問卷調查表 46 附錄二 相關基因引子(NCBI) 49 附錄三 PCR(Polymerase chain reaction)步驟 58 附錄四 基因定位步驟 61 附錄五 相關資料與研究地點 65 附錄六 基因多型性次數分配表 68

    中文部份
    王秀華 (1994)。中年男性身體活動狀況與心血管疾病危險因子比較。
    國立師範大學體育學系碩士論文。

    王道還 (2003)。人類大遷徙。科學發展,361,74-75。

    王榮德 (1994)。流行病學方法論。台北健康世界雜誌社。

    李彩華 (1998)。北市國中學生體適能與身體活動相關因素調查。國立台灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。

    林崇熙 (2001)。誰是客家人?作為意識型態的族群認同。雲林科技大學文化資產維護研究所碩士論文。

    許哲彰 (1998)。國小教師從事規律運動意圖、行為之預測及影響因素之探討-驗證計劃行為理論。國立體育學院運動科學研究所碩士論文。

    陳克宗 (1983)。屏東師專平地男生與山地男生群體耐力跑能力及訓練效果比較。體育學報,5,49-60。

    陳鶴姿 (1995)。不同地區平地、山地學童體格和基本運動能力發展比較研究。國立臺中師範學院學報,9,579-607。

    賴世珍、周美惠、林明芳 (2001)。血管收縮素轉化酶抑制劑與第一型血管收縮素Ⅱ接受器拮抗劑併用於高血壓的治療。臨床醫學,47卷4期,256-260。

    英文部分

    Barzilai, N., Atzmon, G., Schechter, C., Schaefer, E. J., Cupples A. L., Lipton, R., Cheng, S., & Shuldiner A. R. (2003). Unique lipoprotein phenotype and genotype associated with exceptional longevity. JAMA, 290, 2030-2040.

    Benjafield, A. V., Wang, W. Y. S., & Morris, B. J. (2004). No association of Angiotensin-Converting enzyme 2 gene (ACE2) polymorphisms with essential hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension, 17(7), 624-628.

    Bernstein, M. S., Costanza, M. C., James, R. W., Morris, M. A., Cambien, F., Raoux, S., & Morabia, A. (2002). Physical activity may modulate effects of ApoE genotype on lipid profile. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 22(1), 133-140.

    Bjerregaard, P., Young, T. K. & Hegele, R. A. (2003). Low incidence of cardiovascular disease among the Inuit-what is the evidence?Atherosclerosis, 116(2), 351-357.

    Bouchard, C., Rankinen, T. & Chagnon, Y. C. (2000). Genomic scan for maximal oxygen uptake and its response to training in the Heritage Family Study. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88, 551-559.

    Buckworth, J., & Wallace, L. S. (2002). Application of the Transtheoretical Model to physically active adults. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness (Torino), 42(3), 360-367.

    Burrell, L. M., Johnston, C. I., Tikellis, C. & Cooper, M. E. (2004). ACE2, a new regulator of the renin–angiotensin system. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 15(4), 166-169.

    Drlica, K. (1997). Understanding DNA and gene cloning: Aguide for the curious, (3rd ed). John Wiley & Sons.

    Folland, J., Leach, B., & Little, T. (2000). Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype affects the response of human skeletal muscle to functional overload. Expermental Physiology, 85, 575-579.

    Friedl, W., Krempler, F., Sandhofer, F., & Paulweber., B. (1996). Insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-Converting-enzyme gene and blood pressure during ergometry in normal males. Clinical Genelology, 50, 541-544.

    Garenc, C., Pérusse, L., Gagnon, J., Chagnon, Y. C. Bergeron, J., Després, J.-P., Province, M. A., Leon, A. S., Skinner, J. S., Wilmore, J. H., et al. (2000). Linkage and association studies of the lipoprotein lipase gene with postheparin plasma lipase activities, body fat, and plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations: The HERITAGE family study. Metabolism, 49(4), 432-439.

    Gayagay, G., Yu, B., & Hambly, B. (1998). Elite endurance athletes and the ACEI allele: the role of genes in athletic performance. Human Geneticology, 103, 48-50.

    Geusens, P., Vandevyver, C., Vanhoof, J., Cassiman, J. J., Boonen, S., &Raus, J. (1997). Quadriceps and grip strength are related to vitamin D receptor genotype in elderly nonobese women. Journal of Bone Mineral Research. 12, 2082-2088.

    Hagberg, J. M., Ferrell, R. E., Mccole, S. D., Wilund, K. R., & Moore, G. E. (2000). VO2max is associated with ACE genotype inpostmenopausal women. Journal of Applied Physiology. 85, 1842-1846.

    He, J., Klag, M. J., Appel, L. J., Charleston, J., & Whelton, P. K. (1999). The renin-angiotensin system and blood pressure : Differences between blacks and whites. American Journal of Hypertension, 12(6), 555-562.

    Karpuzoglu, E., & Ahmed, S. A. (2006). Estrogen regulation of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in immune cells: Implications for immunity, autoimmune disease, and apoptosis. Nitric Oxide, 15(3), 177-186.

    Keidar, S., Kaplan M., & Gamliel-Lazarovich, A. (2007). ACE2 of the heart: From angiotensin I to angiotensin. Cardiovascular Research, 73(3), 463-469.

    Kitagawa, I., Kitagawa, Y., Nagaya, T., & Tokudome, S. (2001). Interplay of physical activity and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism on bone mineral density. Journal of Epidemiology 11, 229-232.
    Klissouras, V., (2001). The nature and nurture of human performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 1(2), 1-10.

    Leineweber, K., & Brodde, O.-E. (2004). β2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms: Relation between in vitro and in vivo phenotypes. Life Sciences, 74(23), 2803-2814.

    Lin, L. Y., Lee, W. J., Yang, W. S., Pai, N. H., Su, T. C., & Liau, C. S. (2007). Nitric oxide production is paradoxically decreased after weight reduction surgery in morbid obesity patients. Atherosclerosis, 190(2), 436-442.

    Litonjua, A. A., (2006). The significance of beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms in asthma. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 12(1),12-17.

    Lorentzon, M., Lorentzon, R., & Nordstrom, P., (2001). Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism is related to bone density, circulating osteocalcin, and parathyroid hormone in healthy adolescent girls. Journal of Bone Mineral Metabolism. 19, 302-307.

    Macho-Azcaratea, T., Martia, I. A., Calabuigb, J., & Martineza, J. A., (2003). Basal fat oxidation and after a peak oxygen consumption test in obese women with a beta2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphism. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 14, 275-279.

    Meirhaeghe, A., Helbecque, N., Cottel, D., & Amouyel., P. (1999). Beta2-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism, body weight, and physical activity. Lancet, 353, 896.
    Montgomery, H., Clarkson, P., & Barnard, M. (1999). Angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and response to physical training. Lancet, 353, 541-545.

    Moore, G. E., Shuldiner, A. R., Zmuda, J. M., Ferrell, R. E., Mccole, S. D., & Hagberg, J. M. (2001). Obesity gene variant and elite endurance performance. Metabolism, 50, 1391-1392.

    Nurminen, T., Lusa, S., Ilmarinen, J., & Kurppa. K. (1989). Physical Work load, fetal development and course of pregnancy. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, and Health, 15, 404-414.

    Oudit, G. Y., Crackower, M. A., Backx, P. H. & Penninger, J. M. (2003). The role of ACE2 in cardiovascular physiology. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 13(3), 93-101.

    Padmaja, N., Kumar, M. R., Soya, S. S., & Adithan, C. (2007). Common variants of Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene and their association with lipid parameters in healthy volunteers of Tamilian population. Clinica Chimica Acta, 375(1-2), 140-146.

    Paffenbarger, R. J., Hyde, R. T., Wing, A. L., Lee, I. M., Jung, D. L., & Kampert, J. B. (1993). The association of changes in physical-activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men. New England Journal of Medicine, 328(8), 538-545.

    Panza, F., Solfrizzi, V., D'Introno, A., Colacicco, A. M., Capurso, C., Kehoe, P. G., & Capurso, A. (2003). Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in centenarians: Different allele frequencies between the North and South of Europe. Experimental Gerontology, 38(9), 1015-1020.

    Pihl, E., Matsin, T., & Jurimae, T., (2002). Physical activity, musculoskeletal disorders and cardiovascular risk factors in male physical education teachers. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42(4), 466-471.

    Pilzer, P. Z., (2002). The Wellness Revolution. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

    Powers, S. K., & Howley, E. T. (2002). Exercise physiology:Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance (4th ed). McGraw-Hill.

    Rankinen, T., Perusse, L., Rauramaa, R., Rivera, M. A., Wolfarth, B., & Bouchard, C., (2002). The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes:the 2001 update. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(8), 1219-1233.

    Rankinen, T., Rice, T., & Perusse, L. (2000). NOS3 Glu298Asp genotype and blood pressure response to endurance training: the Heritage family study. Hypertension, 36, 885-889.

    Rossi, G. P., Maiolino G., Zanchetta, M., Sticchi, D., Pedon, L., Cesari, M., Montemurro, D., Toni, R. D., Zavattiero, S., & Pessina, A. C. (2006). The T−786C endothelial nitric oxide synthase genotype predicts cardiovascular mortality in high-risk patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(6), 1166-1174.

    Sakane, N., Yoshida, T., Umekawa, T., Kogure, A., Takakura, Y., & Kondo., M., (1997). Effevts of Trp64Arg mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene on weight loss, body fat distribution, glycemic control, and insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 20, 1887-1890.

    Sandvik, L., Erikssen, J., Thaulow, E., Erikssen, G., Mundal, R., &Rodahl, K., (1993). Physical fitness as a predictor of mortality among healthy, middle-aged Norwegian men. The New England Journal of Medicine, 328(8), 533-537.

    Seibert, M. J., Xue, Q. L., Fried, L. P., & Walston., J. D., (2001). Polymorphic variation in the human myostatin (GDF-8) gene and association with strength measures in the women’s health and aging study cohort. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49, 1093-1096.

    Skoglund-Andersson, C., Ehrenborg, E., Fisher, R. M., Olivecrona, G., Hamsten, A., & Karpe, F., (2003). Influence of common variants in the CETP, LPL, HL and apoE genes on LDL heterogeneity in healthy, middle-aged men. Atherosclerosis, 167(2), 311-317.

    Sokolnicki, M., S., Dietz, N. M., Rehfeldt, K. H., Turner, S. T., & Joyner, M. J., (2005). Arg16/Gly β2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism alters the cardiac output response to isometric exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 99, 1776-1781.

    Sonna, L. A., Sharp, M. A., & Knapik, J. J., (2001). Angiotensinconverting enzyme genotype and physical performance during US Army basic training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 91, 1355-1363.

    Sureda, A., Tauler, P., Aguilo, A. Fuentespina, E., Cordova, A., Tur, J. A., & Pons, A. (2005). Blood cell NO synthesis in response to exercise. Nitric Oxide, 15(1), 5-12.

    Wagoner, L. E., Craft, L. L. & Singh, B. (2000). Polymorphisms of the beta (2)-adrenergic receptor determine exercise capacity in patients with heart failure. Circulation. Research. 86, 834-840.

    Wilmore, J. H., & Costill, D. L. (1994). Physiology of sport and exercise. IL : Human Kinetics.

    Witherly, J. L., Galen, P. P., & Leja, D. L., (2001). What scientists mean when they talk about gene and genome. Cold spring harbor laboratory press.

    Woods, D., Onambele, G., Woledge, R., Skelton, D., Bruce, S., Humphries, S. E., Montgomery. H., (2001). Angiotensin-I converting enzyme genotype-dependent benefit from hormone replacement therapy in isometric muscle strength and bone mineral density. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 86, 2200-2204.

    Zimmer, C., (2001). Evolution: the triumph of an idea. Educational Foundation and Clear Blue Sky Productions.

    QR CODE