運動的目地在追求健康，長期規律的運動能增進與維持身體適能，但運動強度與持續時間的訂定，如何以免疫學與內分泌學的角度去衡量，進而落實在運動處方的擬訂上，將是運動免疫學未來的研究重點。因此，本研究針對集中與分散跑步運動對皮質固醇與免疫功能之影響，做有系統的探討。
本實驗測試對象為30位大學男生（平均年齡為20.80±1.49歲、平均最大攝氧量為44.57±6.23 ml/min-1．kg-1），依其最大攝氧量配對分成三組：集中運動組、分散運動組與控制組。集中運動組在13：00於跑步機上進行1週3次、每次強度為70％最大保留攝氧量，持續時間30分鐘的跑步運動，而分散運動組則分別在9：00與13：15於跑步機上進行1週3次、每次強度為70％最大保留攝氧量、持續時間15分鐘的跑步運動，並於每次運動前、運動後0小時、2小時及24小時進行採血，以便分析皮質固醇濃度、白血球數目、嗜中性球數目、淋巴球數目、周邊單核細胞增生反應與細胞激素。所得資料以混合設計二因子變異數及重複量數單因子變異數進行分析。結果發現：一、晝夜節律顯著影響皮質固醇濃度之變化，但三組間並無明顯差別。二、集中運動組在運動後0小時，白血球數目、嗜中性球數目與淋巴球數目皆明顯高於其他兩組，但PMNC增生反應卻明顯較其他兩組低。三、集中運動組在運動後2小時，嗜中性球數目仍高於其他二組，但淋巴球數目卻明顯低於其他兩組。四、細胞激素濃度的變化上，三組間皆無差別。經由本研究可得到以下結論：晝夜節律對皮質固醇有顯著的影響，因此在研究運動與皮質固醇關係時應加以考慮。此外，集中運動組在運動後2小時內的恢復期，由於淋巴球數目與周邊單核細胞增生反應分別受到抑制，因此專一性免疫反應能力降低，所以此時應注意身體的保養，至於分散運動組與控制組則沒有免疫反應下降的情況發生。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of continuous and discontinuous running exercise on cortisol and immune functions. Method: Thirty university male students (age=20.80±1.49 years, VO2max values=44.57±6.23 ml/min-1．kg-1) were recruited as the subjects for this study. They were divided into three different groups according to VO2max values: continuous exercise group (CEG), discontinuous exercise group (DEG) and control group (CG). The CEG performed single bout of treadmill exercise lasting 30 minutes at 70% VO2R at 13:00 (3 times/wk, 1wk). The DEG performed two bouts of treadmill exercise lasting 15 minutes at 70% VO2R at 9:00 and 13:15 (3 times/wk, 1wk). Blood samples were collected at rest before exercise, 0 hour, 2 hours and 24 hours after exercise. Cortisol, leucocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, peripheral mononuclear cell (PMNC) proliferation, and cytokines were measured. Data were analyzed using mixed design two-way ANOVA and repeated one-way ANOVA. Results: 1) Circadian rhythm could influence cortisol concentration significantly, but there was no difference on cortisol between each group. 2) Leucocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count of CEG were significantly higher, but PMNC proliferation was lower (p< .05) at 0 hour after exercise than the DEG and CG. 2) Neutrophil count of CEG was still higher, but lymphocyte count was lower (p< .05) at 2 hours after exercise than the other groups. 3) There was no difference on cytokines between each group. Conclusions: Circadian rhythm could influence cortisol concentration significantly. During the whole period of testing, the lymphocyte count and PMNC proliferation of CEG were lower within two hours after exercise and may temporarily depress the subjects’ immune function. However, the subjects of DEG and CG didn’t show any depression of the immune variables after exercise.

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