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研究生: 官郁芬
Kuan, Yu-Fen
論文名稱: 動物輔助治療介入物質使用障礙者之效益─以成年毒品受刑人為例
The Benefits of Animal Assisted Therapy Intervention for Substance Use Disorders: A Study of Adult Drug Inmates
指導教授: 陳貞夙
Chern, Jen-Suh
口試委員: 陳貞夙
Chern, Jen-Suh
翁士恆
Wong, Shyh-Heng
葉明理
Yeh, Ming-Lee
口試日期: 2024/01/18
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 復健諮商研究所
Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Counseling
論文出版年: 2024
畢業學年度: 112
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 154
中文關鍵詞: 動物輔助治療物質使用障礙毒品受刑人心理健康自我效能
英文關鍵詞: Animal-assisted therapy, Substance use disorder, Drug inmates, Mental health, Self-efficacy
研究方法: 準實驗設計法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202400112
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 近年來,臺灣的矯正、醫療與社福系統投入大量心力在毒品的預防與藥癮治療。毒品對個人的影響,不僅是生理上的傷害,更需要關注其對心理的危害。而心理健康與自我效能,是戒癮過程中至關重要的因素,同時也是受刑人復歸社會的重要預測因子之一。由於,毒品受刑人同時有成癮者、被監禁者的雙重身分,因此,改善心理健康與提升自我效能,應該成為毒品處遇目標的重點之一。許多國內外研究指出,動物輔助介入對人的生理、心理、社會與靈性帶來積極正面的影響,且已有國外監所成功將動物輔助介入納入處遇計畫,並觀察到明顯成效。不過,多數研究的輔助動物皆為犬隻,對於帶馬匹進入監所的探索有限,而馬匹獨有的特性可能可以在介入過程中,帶來不同的互動樣貌與效果。
    本研究旨在探究除了現有的藥癮治療方式外,動物輔助治療能否提升毒品受刑人的心理健康與自我效能。研究對象為監所毒品處遇計畫中,自願參與且年齡介於20-65歲的男性毒品受刑人。採類實驗研究設計,使用成人心理健康量表、貝克絕望感量表、心理幸福感量表簡式中文版、中文版心自我效能量表,以及質性觀察紀錄,呈現參與者在介入前後三次評估中,心理健康與自我效能的變化。動物輔助治療介入方案,為期八週,每週一次,一次1.5小時,團體人數為13-15人,每次團體皆有明確的目標與架構。使用SPSS 23.0中文版進行數據分析,分析方法為重複量數單因子變異數分析、混合設計二因子變異數分析,顯著水準為p<.05。
    本研究共有35位毒品受刑人參與並完成三次評估。統計結果顯示,介入後毒品受刑人的整體心理健康和自我效能有顯著的改善與提升。此外,對總刑期短、初次使用毒品年齡較大、施用毒品長達年數介於11-20年的參與者,介入的影響更加明顯。研究結論是動物輔助治療,不僅有改善心理健康與提升自我效能,還有助於自我覺察、情緒穩定、衝動控制、責任感和同理心的培養,同時改善監所氛圍與互動模式,這些改變為毒品受刑人帶來重要且有效的幫助,但因為研究參與者特質的控制困難,結果顯示這些效果有許多的個別差異,因此須將個別差異納入考量,並期盼未來國內各監所,可將長期、常態性的動物輔助治療介入方案納入處遇計畫中。最後,建議未來研究,可針對不同性別的毒品受刑人,其在情緒管理、情緒穩定度、人際互動和社會適應,作進一步的探討。

    In recent years, Taiwan's correctional, medical, and social welfare systems have dedicated significant efforts to drug prevention and treatment. The impact of drugs on individuals goes beyond physical harm, necessitating attention to their psychological implications. Mental health and self-efficacy are crucial factors in the process of overcoming addiction and are also essential predictors for inmates reintegrating into society. As drug inmates bear the dual identities of addiction and incarceration, improving mental health and enhancing self-efficacy should be a key focus in drug treatment objectives. Many domestic and international studies have indicated that animal-assisted interventions have positive effects on individuals' physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. Some foreign correctional facilities have successfully integrated animal-assisted interventions into treatment plans, predominantly using dogs; however, there has been limited exploration of introducing equine-assisted interventions within prison settings. The unique characteristics of horses might bring about different interaction patterns and effects during the intervention process.
    This study aims to investigate whether animal-assisted therapy, beyond existing addiction treatment methods, can enhance the mental health and self-efficacy of drug inmates. The study targets male drug inmates, aged between 20 and 65, voluntarily participating in drug treatment programs within correctional facilities. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the research uses the Adult Mental Health Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, The brief chinese version of psychological well-being scale, New General Self-Efficacy Scale, and qualitative observation records to present changes in participants' mental health and self-efficacy before and after the intervention through three assessments. The animal-assisted therapy intervention spans eight weeks, once a week for 1.5 hours, with groups consisting of 13 to 15 individuals, each session structured with clear objectives. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0 Chinese version, employing repeated-measures one-way ANOVA and mixed-design two-way ANOVA, with a significance level set at p<.05.
    This study involved 35 drug inmates who completed three assessments. Statistical results indicate significant improvements in overall mental health and self-efficacy among drug inmates post-intervention. Furthermore, the impact was more pronounced for participants with shorter sentences, older age at first drug use, and a drug-use duration ranging from 11 to 20 years.
    The study concludes that animal-assisted therapy not only enhances mental health and self-efficacy but also contributes to self-awareness, emotional stability, impulse control, responsibility, empathy, and improves the prison environment and interaction patterns. These changes provide significant and effective assistance to drug offenders. However, due to difficulties in controlling the characteristics of research participants, the results indicate considerable individual differences in these effects. Therefore, it is necessary to take individual differences into consideration, and it is hoped that in the future, correctional facilities nationwide can incorporate long-term, routine animal-assisted therapy interventions into their treatment plans. Finally, it recommends further research on emotional management, stability, interpersonal interactions, and social adaptation among drug inmates of different genders.

    第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 研究動機 5 第三節 研究目的與研究問題 9 第四節 名詞釋義 11 第二章 文獻回顧與探討 13 第一節 物質使用障礙症者的困境 13 第二節 成年毒品受刑人的特性 15 第三節 現有的物質使用障礙症的治療/介入方式 19 第四節 動物輔助治療的意涵 25 第五節 動物輔助治療對人類的影響 27 第六節 動物輔助治療中不同動物的差異 31 第三章 研究方法 35 第一節 研究設計與架構 35 第二節 研究對象 39 第三節 研究工具 41 第四節 介入方案 47 第五節 研究流程 51 第六節 資料處理 55 第七節 統計分析 57 第四章 研究結果 59 第一節 研究對象基本資料之描述與比較 59 第二節 動物輔助治療對心理健康與自我效能的影響 65 第三節 不同背景變項是否對動物輔助治療介入前、介入四週、介入八週之心理健康與自我效能有影響 69 第四節 動物輔助治療介入過程的質性觀察 95 第五章 討論 101 第一節 動物輔助治療之效益 101 第二節 不同背景變項對動物輔助治療介入之影響 111 第六章 結論與建議 121 第一節 研究結論 121 第二節 研究限制 125 第三節 研究建議 129 參考文獻 131 中文部分 131 英文部分 136 附錄 142 附錄一 介入方案:動物輔助治療團體課程表 142 附錄二 中文版新自我效能量表 145 附錄三 中文版新自我效能量表使用授權證明 146 附錄四 心理幸福感簡式中文版量表 147 附錄五 心理幸福感簡式中文版量表使用授權證明 149 附錄六 參與者心得回饋 150 附錄七 研究參與者知情同意書 151

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