研究生: |
官郁芬 Kuan, Yu-Fen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
動物輔助治療介入物質使用障礙者之效益─以成年毒品受刑人為例 The Benefits of Animal Assisted Therapy Intervention for Substance Use Disorders: A Study of Adult Drug Inmates |
指導教授: |
陳貞夙
Chern, Jen-Suh |
口試委員: |
陳貞夙
Chern, Jen-Suh 翁士恆 Wong, Shyh-Heng 葉明理 Yeh, Ming-Lee |
口試日期: | 2024/01/18 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
復健諮商研究所 Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2024 |
畢業學年度: | 112 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 154 |
中文關鍵詞: | 動物輔助治療 、物質使用障礙 、毒品受刑人 、心理健康 、自我效能 |
英文關鍵詞: | Animal-assisted therapy, Substance use disorder, Drug inmates, Mental health, Self-efficacy |
研究方法: | 準實驗設計法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202400112 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:96 下載:10 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
近年來,臺灣的矯正、醫療與社福系統投入大量心力在毒品的預防與藥癮治療。毒品對個人的影響,不僅是生理上的傷害,更需要關注其對心理的危害。而心理健康與自我效能,是戒癮過程中至關重要的因素,同時也是受刑人復歸社會的重要預測因子之一。由於,毒品受刑人同時有成癮者、被監禁者的雙重身分,因此,改善心理健康與提升自我效能,應該成為毒品處遇目標的重點之一。許多國內外研究指出,動物輔助介入對人的生理、心理、社會與靈性帶來積極正面的影響,且已有國外監所成功將動物輔助介入納入處遇計畫,並觀察到明顯成效。不過,多數研究的輔助動物皆為犬隻,對於帶馬匹進入監所的探索有限,而馬匹獨有的特性可能可以在介入過程中,帶來不同的互動樣貌與效果。
本研究旨在探究除了現有的藥癮治療方式外,動物輔助治療能否提升毒品受刑人的心理健康與自我效能。研究對象為監所毒品處遇計畫中,自願參與且年齡介於20-65歲的男性毒品受刑人。採類實驗研究設計,使用成人心理健康量表、貝克絕望感量表、心理幸福感量表簡式中文版、中文版心自我效能量表,以及質性觀察紀錄,呈現參與者在介入前後三次評估中,心理健康與自我效能的變化。動物輔助治療介入方案,為期八週,每週一次,一次1.5小時,團體人數為13-15人,每次團體皆有明確的目標與架構。使用SPSS 23.0中文版進行數據分析,分析方法為重複量數單因子變異數分析、混合設計二因子變異數分析,顯著水準為p<.05。
本研究共有35位毒品受刑人參與並完成三次評估。統計結果顯示,介入後毒品受刑人的整體心理健康和自我效能有顯著的改善與提升。此外,對總刑期短、初次使用毒品年齡較大、施用毒品長達年數介於11-20年的參與者,介入的影響更加明顯。研究結論是動物輔助治療,不僅有改善心理健康與提升自我效能,還有助於自我覺察、情緒穩定、衝動控制、責任感和同理心的培養,同時改善監所氛圍與互動模式,這些改變為毒品受刑人帶來重要且有效的幫助,但因為研究參與者特質的控制困難,結果顯示這些效果有許多的個別差異,因此須將個別差異納入考量,並期盼未來國內各監所,可將長期、常態性的動物輔助治療介入方案納入處遇計畫中。最後,建議未來研究,可針對不同性別的毒品受刑人,其在情緒管理、情緒穩定度、人際互動和社會適應,作進一步的探討。
In recent years, Taiwan's correctional, medical, and social welfare systems have dedicated significant efforts to drug prevention and treatment. The impact of drugs on individuals goes beyond physical harm, necessitating attention to their psychological implications. Mental health and self-efficacy are crucial factors in the process of overcoming addiction and are also essential predictors for inmates reintegrating into society. As drug inmates bear the dual identities of addiction and incarceration, improving mental health and enhancing self-efficacy should be a key focus in drug treatment objectives. Many domestic and international studies have indicated that animal-assisted interventions have positive effects on individuals' physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. Some foreign correctional facilities have successfully integrated animal-assisted interventions into treatment plans, predominantly using dogs; however, there has been limited exploration of introducing equine-assisted interventions within prison settings. The unique characteristics of horses might bring about different interaction patterns and effects during the intervention process.
This study aims to investigate whether animal-assisted therapy, beyond existing addiction treatment methods, can enhance the mental health and self-efficacy of drug inmates. The study targets male drug inmates, aged between 20 and 65, voluntarily participating in drug treatment programs within correctional facilities. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the research uses the Adult Mental Health Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, The brief chinese version of psychological well-being scale, New General Self-Efficacy Scale, and qualitative observation records to present changes in participants' mental health and self-efficacy before and after the intervention through three assessments. The animal-assisted therapy intervention spans eight weeks, once a week for 1.5 hours, with groups consisting of 13 to 15 individuals, each session structured with clear objectives. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0 Chinese version, employing repeated-measures one-way ANOVA and mixed-design two-way ANOVA, with a significance level set at p<.05.
This study involved 35 drug inmates who completed three assessments. Statistical results indicate significant improvements in overall mental health and self-efficacy among drug inmates post-intervention. Furthermore, the impact was more pronounced for participants with shorter sentences, older age at first drug use, and a drug-use duration ranging from 11 to 20 years.
The study concludes that animal-assisted therapy not only enhances mental health and self-efficacy but also contributes to self-awareness, emotional stability, impulse control, responsibility, empathy, and improves the prison environment and interaction patterns. These changes provide significant and effective assistance to drug offenders. However, due to difficulties in controlling the characteristics of research participants, the results indicate considerable individual differences in these effects. Therefore, it is necessary to take individual differences into consideration, and it is hoped that in the future, correctional facilities nationwide can incorporate long-term, routine animal-assisted therapy interventions into their treatment plans. Finally, it recommends further research on emotional management, stability, interpersonal interactions, and social adaptation among drug inmates of different genders.
中文部分
Schiraldi, G. R.(2023)。背負創傷長大的你,現在還好嗎?(吳煒聲譯;1版)。幸福文化。(原著出版於2021)
王薇雅(2015)。動物輔助治療團體對高關懷青少年心理適應之影響(碩士論文)。國立台北大學犯罪研究所。
李美遠(2010)。成人心理健康量表之編製研究(碩士論文)。國立嘉義大學輔導與諮商研究所。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/bnwse9
李萍慈(2005)。動物輔助暨社會互動團體方案對亞斯伯格症兒童社會互動行為成效之研究(碩士論文)。國立新竹師範學院。
李仁豪、余民寧(2016)。心理幸福感量表簡式中文版信效度及測量不變性:以大學生為樣本並兼論測量不變性議題。中華輔導與諮商學報,46,127-154。
李明謹(2018)。受刑人在監適應影響因素之研究。矯正期刊,7(1),64-98。doi:10.6905/JC.201801_7(1).0003
社團法人臺灣憂鬱症防治協會(2020)。負面童年經驗量表。協會通 訊,19(4),14。https://www.depression.org.tw/files/communication/paper.pdf/19-04-pro.pdf
朱群芳、蕭其蓁、黃千軍、林季誼(2020)。建構藥癮者的優質未來:正向概念與正念於毒品戒治處遇之應用。犯罪與刑事司法研究,33,51-91。
林健陽、陳玉書(2009)。「我國女性犯罪原因與矯治處遇相關課題之研究」委託研究成果報告書。台北:法務部。
林俊宏(2021)。受監禁一、二級男性毒品施用者特性及犯罪生涯發展軌跡之研究(博士論文)。中央警察大學犯罪防治研究所。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/gry4r5
吳珮慈(2010)。監獄犬矯治方案個案研究(碩士論文)。國立台北大學犯罪研究所。
吳耘嫚、陳心怡(2018)。從生物心理社會模式探究實務社工服務毒品戒癮處遇之影響因素。當代社工學刊,10,38-78。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20121018004-201809-202008130007-202008130007-38-78
洪雅鳳(2010)。結不結構有什麼關係:心理性團體之結構性及其影響。台灣心理諮商季刊,2(4),39-54。
陳美君譯(2000)。貝克絕望感量表指導手冊。行為科學社。
陳鴻生(2014)。長刑期男性受刑人在監適應影響因素之實證研究(博士論文)。中央警察大學犯罪防治研究所。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/gs2tbb
許茵筑、顧以謙、潘宗璿、許家毓(2022)。臺灣青少年毒品施用與心理健康之關聯性研究─以涉毒收容少年為例(自體研究案)。法務部司法官學院,犯罪防治研究中心。
郭適維、陳玉書、林健陽、劉士誠(2022)。「繼續施用毒品傾向評估指標」預測效度之研究。矯正期刊,11(1),64-111。DOI:10.6905/JC.202201_11(1).0003
張雲傑(2012)。藥癮心理戒治模式之發展與評估。矯政期刊,1(1),96-123。
張碧鳳、張歆祐、葉明理(2015)。慢性思覺失調症患者參與動物輔助治療的療癒歷程。中華團體心理治療,21(3),47-60。
黃筱雯、陳貞夙、吳亭芳(2019)。支持性就業於物質使用障礙症的應用。矯正期刊,8(3),56-74。
黃正誼、廖定烈、鄭若瑟、陳保中、吳文正(2013)。物質成癮及治療:國內臨床服務的十年進展。家庭醫學與基層醫療,28(11),299-304。
黃財尉、李美遠、曾柔鳴(2011)。成人心理健康量表指導手冊。心理出版社。
楊忠祥、陳鈺芳(2013)。如何從學術論文之統計量數計算效果量:以Cohen d、η^2與ω^2為例。臺灣運動心理學報,13(2),75-90。https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.20131101_13(2).0005
楊士隆、戴伸峰、巫梓豪(2019)。科學實證毒品處遇之執行與策進作法。矯正期刊,8(1),3-39。DOI:10.6905/JC.201903_8(1).0001
葉明理、廖華芳、陳秀宜(2002)。台灣的動物輔助治療。台灣醫學,6(1),102-106。http://dx.doi.org/10.6320/FJM.2002.6(1).15
楊士隆、巫梓豪、李韻如(2020)。毒品犯再犯風險與矯治成效國際評估指標。刑事政策與犯罪研究論文集,23,149-176。DOI: 10.6482/ECPCR.202010.0005
廖建銘(2022)。成人童年逆境經驗者人格特質、心理韌性與生涯自我效能之相關研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士在職專班。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/p3359x
臺灣法務部年報(2021)。109年統計年報提要分析。
臺灣矯正署(2021)。毒品案件統計摘要分析。
黎士鳴、蔡宗延(2009)。社會適應能力量表之發展。臨床心理學刊,4(1),43-50。https://doi.org/10.6550/ACP.200906_4(1).0003
蔡震邦(2023)。藥酒癮與心理疾病共病的評估診斷與處遇-從盛行率到矯正實務現況。矯正期刊,12(2),61-96。DOI:10.6905/JC.202307_12(2).0003
鄭勝天(2020)。受觀察勒戒人中止與持續施用毒品之比較(博士論文)。中央警察大學犯罪防治研究所。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/429578
鄭勝天(2020)。用毒後生活改變對初次施用毒品者中止/持續施用毒品之影響。矯政期刊,9(2),36-61。https://doi.org/10.6905/JC.202007_9(2).0002
糠明珊(2012)。家有學齡前子女之已婚就業女性其家務工作、支薪工作與自我效能對生活滿意之影響:自我效能的中介效果(博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。
簡珮如(2012)。成年毒癮者戒癮改變階段、用藥信鍊與復發意向之關係研究(碩士論文)。國立臺中教育大學諮商與應用心理學系。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/q57k3b
顧雅利、劉玉萍、白秋鳳(2013)。寵物治療的文獻回顧。長庚護理,24(3),267-271。
英文部分
Arluke, A. (2010). Animal-assisted activity as a social experience. In Handbook on Animal-Assisted Therapy: Theoretical Foundations and Guidelines for Practice, (3rd ed.), 401–420. San Diego, CA, USA. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-381453-1.10019-4
Auty, M. K. & Liebling, A. (2020). Exploring the relationship between prison social climate and reoffending. Justice Quarterly, 37(2), 358-381. doi: 10.1080/07418825.2018.1538421
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122–147.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Bertalanffy, L.V. (1972). The History and State of General Systems Theory. Academy of Management Journal, 15, 407-426. DOI:10.5465/255139
Bosscher, R. J. & Smit, J. H. (1998). Confirmatory factor analysis of the general self-efficacy scale. Behavior Research and Therapy, 36(3), 339-343. DOI: 10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00025-4.
Charry-Sánchez, J. D., Pradilla, I., & Talero-Gutiérrez, C. (2018). Animal-assisted therapy in adults: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 32, 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.06.011
Cohn, J. (1988). Statistics power analysis for behavioral sciences. (2nd ed.). Hillsdale,NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.
Dell, C., Chalmers, D., Stobbe, M., Rohr, B., & Husband, A. (2019). Animal-assisted therapy in a Canadian psychiatric prison. International Journal Of Prisoner Health, 15(3), 209-231. doi: 10.1108/IJPH-04-2018-0020.
Donnell, C. M., Zheng, Y., & Mizelle, N. D. (2009). Consumers of Vocational Rehabilitation Services Diagnosed with Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. Journal of Rehabilitation, 75(3), 41-49.
Fairbairn, C. E., Briley, D. A., Kang, D., Fraley, R. C., Hankin, B. L., & Ariss, T. (2018). A meta-analysis of longitudinal associations between substance use and interpersonal attachment security. Psychological Bulletin, 144(5), 532-555. doi:10.1037/bul0000141
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14, 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8
Firmin, M. W., Brink, J. E., Firmin, R. L., Grigsby, M. E., & Trudel, J. F. (2016). Qualitative Perspectives of an Animal-Assisted Therapy Program. Alternative and Complementary Therapies, 22(5). DOI: 10.1089/act.2016.29073.
Flynn, E., Combs, M. K., Gandenberger, J., Tedeschi, P., & Morris, N. K. (2020). Measuring the psychological impact of prison-based dog training programs and in-prison outcomes for inmates. The Prison Journal, 100(2), 224–239. doi: 10.1177/0032885519894657
Gatti, F., Walderhaug, E., Kern-Godal, A., Lysell, J., & Arnevik, E. A. (2020). Complementary horse-assisted therapy for substance use disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 15(1), 7. doi:10.1186/s13722- 020-0183-z
Haney, C. (2003). Mental Health Issues in Long-Term Solitary and “Supermax” Confinement. Crime & Delinquency, 49(1), 124-156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128702239239
Haubenhofer, D. K. & Kirchengast, S. (2007). Dog Handlers’ and Dogs’ Emotional and Cortisol Secretion Responses Associated with Animal-Assisted Therapy Sessions. Society and Animals, 15, 127-150. DOI: 10.1163/156853007X187090.
Holman, L., Ellmo, F., Wilkerson, S., & Johnson, R. (2019). Quasi-Experimental single-subject design: Comparing seeking safety and canine-assisted therapy interventions among mentally ill female inmates. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 41, 35-51. doi: 10.1002/jaoc.12074
Hollingsworth, A., Ruhm, C. J., & Simon, K. I. (2017). Macroeconomic conditions and opioid abuse. Journal of Health Economics, 56, 222-233. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.07.009.
Humby, L. & Barclay, E. (2018). Pawsitive solutions: An overview of PDPs in Australia. The Prison Journal, 98(5), 580–603. doi: 10.1177/0032885518793951
International Association of Human-Animal Interaction Organizations. (2018). IAHAIO WHITE PAPER 2014, updated for 2018. https://iahaio.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/iahaio_wp_updated-2018-final.pdf
Kaitlyn, D. & Jean K. (2023). The effectiveness of prison dog programs on the mental health and recidivism rates of inmates. TCNJ Journal of student scholarship, 25.
Koukourikos, K. & Kourkouta, L.I. (2019). Benefits of Animal Assisted Therapy in Mental Health. International Journal of Caring Sciences ,12(3), 1898-1905.
Koda, N., Miyaji, Y., Kuniyoshi, M., Adachi, Y., Watababe, G., Miyaji, C., & Yamada, K. (2015). Effects of a Dog-assisted Program in a Japanese Prison. Asian Journal of Criminology, 10, 193-208.
Kruger, K. A. & Serpell, A. J. (2010). Animal-assisted interventions in mental health: definitions and theoretical foundations. Handbook on Animal-Assisted Therapy, 33-48. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381453-1.10003-0.
Leonardi, R. J., Buchanan-Smith, H. M., McIvor, G., & Vick, S. J. (2017). “You think you’re helping them, but they’re helping you too”: Experiences of Scottish male young offenders participating in a dog training program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 945–972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080945
Leza, L., Siria, S., López-Goñi, J.J., & Fernández-Montalvo, J. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use disorder (SUD): A scoping review. Drug and alcohol dependence, 221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108563
Li, R.-H. (2014). Reliability and validity of a shorter Chinese version for Ryff’s psychological well-being scale. Health Education Journal,73(4), 446-452. doi: 10.1177/0017896913485743
Li, R.-H., Kao, C.-M., & Wu, Y.-Y. (2015). Gender differences in psychological well-being: Tests of factorial invariance. Quality of Life Research, 24(11), 2577-2581. doi: 10.1007/s11136-015-0999-2
Messent, P. & Serpel, J. (1981). A historical and biological view of the pet–owner bond. In: Fogle Bruce, editor. Interrelations between people and pets (A symposium on the human–companion animal bond). London,England.
Minton, C. A., Perez, P. R., & Miller, K. (2015). Voices from behind prison walls: The impact of training service dogs on women in prison. Society & Animals, 23(5), 484–501. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341379
Monte, C. F. (1980). Beneath the mask: An introduction to theories of personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart& Winston.
Morgan, C.A., Chang, Y.-H., Choy, O., Tsai, M.-C., & Hsieh, S. Adverse Childhood Experiences Are Associated with Reduced Psychological Resilience in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Children, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9010027
Pratt, T. C. (2009). Addicted to incarceration: Corrections policy and the politics of misinformation in the United States. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Salmon, P. W. & Salmon, I. M. (1983). Who owns who? Psychological research into the human–pet bond in Australia. In: Katcher Aaron, Beck Alan, editors. New perspectives on our lives with companion animals. Philadelphia, 245–65. PA.: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Serpell, J. (2006). Animal companions and human well being: An historical exploration of the value of human–animal relationships. In: Fine A, ed. Handbook on Animal-Assisted Therapy: Theoretical Foundations and Guidelines for Practice, 2nd ed, 3–20. San Diego: Academic Press.
Schindler, A. (2019). Attachment and substance use disorders—theoretical models, empirical evidence, and implications for treatment. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 727. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00727
Schnittker, J. (2014). The Psychological Dimensions and the Social Consequences of Incarceration. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 651(1), 122-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716213502922
Sherba, R.T., Coxe, K., Gersper, B., & Linley, J. V. (2018). Employment services and substance abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 87, 70-78. DOI:10.1016/j.jsat.2018.01.015.
Smith, P. H. (2019). A rescue dog program in two maximum-security prisons: A qualitative study. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 58(4), 305-326. doi:10.1080/10509674.2019.1596189
Stetina, B. U., Krouzecky, C., Emmett, L., Klaps, A., Ruck, N., Kovacovsky, Z., Bunina, A., & Aden, J. (2020). Differences between Female and Male Inmates in Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) in Austria: Do We Need Treatment Programs Specific to the Needs of Females in AAT. Animals, 10(2), 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020244
Villafaina-Domínguez, B., Collado-Mateo, D., Merellano-Navarro, E., & Villafaina, S. (2020). Effects of dog-based animal-assisted interventions in prison population: A systematic review. Animals, 10(11), 2129-2148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112129
Wallace, D. & Wang, X. (2020). Does in-prison physical and mental health impact recidivism?. SSM-Population Health, 11, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100569