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研究生： 楊淇祿
Chi-Lu Yang
論文名稱： 運用邏輯規則式之動物知識查詢系統
A Rule-Based System for Querying about Animals
指導教授： 林美娟
Lin, Mei-Chuen
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 資訊工程學系
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
論文出版年： 2001
畢業學年度： 89
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 98
中文關鍵詞： 運用邏輯規則式
英文關鍵詞： rule-based
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：280  下載：18 
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    • 本研究旨在發展一套動物知識查詢系統，以提供依動物生理特徵查詢動物的功能。當使用者對於動物外觀僅有約略的印象且不知該動物的名稱時，可透過與本系統彈性問答的方式，逐步尋得所欲尋找之動物。因此，本系統除具備查詢功能外，亦可在問答過程中培養使用者的觀察與分類能力。
    本研究在一位生物專家的協助下進行了動物特徵分析，並將動物特徵知識建構成一個動物特徵分類結構圖。我們並根據此結構圖設計了DFSA、BKA、SPFA等搜尋策略，使系統能與查詢者進行彈性的問答。於查詢過程中，系統以特徵圖片與文字輔助說明並陳的方式，幫助使用者瞭解系統所問的問題並觀察動物的特徵。
    本系統以 wxCLIPS 進行系統實作，利用規則式程式語言 (rule-based lan-guages) 所具有的邏輯推理能力建構而成此一問答式的查詢系統。

    The objective of this research is to develop a rule-based system to be used for querying about animals. Based on the fragmentary observations that a user may have about an animal, the system can help the user identify what animal it is and then provides further information about the animal at the user’s request. The user interacts with the system via a conversational interface. The system generates a series of questions dynamically to guide the user through observing distinctive features of animals that will help pinpoint the target animal. Both textual and pictorial information are provided to assist users in observing and understanding about animals. A biology expert was consulted during the process of knowledge acquisition and analysis. By analyzing the characteristics of animals, we constructed a dichotomous tree structure which forms the basis of the system’s knowledge base. It is further augmented with detailed knowledge about animals collected from encyclopedia and web sites. We then designed the DFSA, BKA, and SPFA as our searching strategies which serve the purpose of determining the appropriate question to be asked in different situations. Our system has been implemented in wxCLIPS, a rule-based programming language.

    目　　錄 第一章 緒論............................................................................................................1 第一節 研究背景........................................................................................1 第二節 研究目的........................................................................................3 第三節 研究方法與步驟............................................................................4 第四節 研究範圍與限制............................................................................4 第二章 文獻探討...................................................................................................6 第一節 動物概念與動物分類概念之國內外研究....................................6 第二節 專家系統........................................................................................8 第三節 規則式知識表示法......................................................................10 第四節 wxCLIPS介紹.............................................................................14 第五節 動物園網站搜尋功能之評介......................................................16 第三章 動物知識分析與表示.........................................................................21 第一節 動物知識分析步驟......................................................................21 第二節 動物知識表示法..........................................................................29 第四章 系統的發展............................................................................................39 第一節 系統分析......................................................................................39 第二節 系統設計......................................................................................44 第三節 系統操作實例..............................................................................51 第五章 結論與未來方向...................................................................................62 第一節 結論..............................................................................................62 第二節 未來方向......................................................................................62 參考文獻......................................................................................................................64 附錄一 CLIPS語法摘要..........................................................................................68 附錄二 哺乳動物分類特徵描述..............................................................................83 附錄三 動物特徵分類結構圖..................................................................................85 附錄四 問題輔助說明..............................................................................................94 附表目錄 表2-1 規則式之例子................................................................................................12 表3-1 動物樣本－名稱列表....................................................................................23 表3-2 動物分類表....................................................................................................26 表3-3 企鵝與南方食火雞之共同與不同特徵之表示............................................31 表3-4 馬來貘之特徵知識表示法............................................................................32 表3-5 資料模版定義................................................................................................33 表3-6 亞洲象群組知識............................................................................................34 表3-7 例子一：選取結論事實之規則式................................................................36 表3-8 規則式之例子二............................................................................................37 表3-9 規則式之例子三............................................................................................37 表3-10 規則式之例子四..........................................................................................38 附圖目錄 圖1-1 研究步驟..........................................................................................................4 圖2-1 RBS的基本架構............................................................................................11 圖2-2 wxCLIPS開發環境........................................................................................15 圖2-3 北市動物園搜尋器畫面................................................................................16 圖2-4 搜尋「象」之結果........................................................................................17 圖2-5 找不到任何動物............................................................................................17 圖2-6 馬來貘............................................................................................................18 圖2-7 St. Louis搜尋畫面.........................................................................................19 圖2-8 搜尋elephant結果..........................................................................................19 圖2-9 聖路易動物園導覽地圖................................................................................20 圖3-1 亞洲象............................................................................................................24 圖3-2 動物分類結構圖之部份................................................................................29 圖3-3 事實運作流程................................................................................................35 圖4-1 系統功能組織圖............................................................................................40 圖4-2 系統架構圖....................................................................................................43 圖4-3 特徵查詢操作流程........................................................................................45 圖4-4 企鵝的四個問題............................................................................................47 圖4-5 再次確認問題................................................................................................48 圖4-6 特徵查詢畫面................................................................................................50 圖4-7 問題輔助說明畫面........................................................................................50 圖4-8 特徵查詢動物................................................................................................52 圖4-9 飛膜文字輔助說明........................................................................................53 圖4-10 點選「不確定」按鈕..................................................................................54 圖4-11 找到棕鬣狗..................................................................................................54 圖4-12 啟動BKA策略..............................................................................................55 圖4-13 以BKA策略提出問題................................................................................55 圖4-14 使用SPFA及BKA策略提出問題.............................................................56 圖4-15 使用SPFA策略提出問題...........................................................................57 圖4-16 詢問是否有鬃毛..........................................................................................58 圖4-17 「獅子」詳細資料......................................................................................58 圖4-18 益智測驗畫面..............................................................................................59 圖4-19 設定測驗題數..............................................................................................59 圖4-20 新增測驗題目..............................................................................................59 圖4-21 修改動物資料步驟一..................................................................................61 圖4-22 修改動物資料步驟二..................................................................................61

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