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研究生: 王家輝
Wong, Kah-Fai
論文名稱: 馬來西亞華語「了」的語音變異因素
The Phonological Variation of LE in Malaysian Mandarin
指導教授: 蘇席瑤
Su, Hsi-Yao
口試委員: 蘇席瑤
Su, Hsi-Yao
張妙霞
Chang, Miao-Hsia
李婉歆
Lee, Wan-Hsin
口試日期: 2024/07/04
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年: 2024
畢業學年度: 112
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 85
中文關鍵詞: 語音變異因素馬來西亞華語語域性別「了」動詞後標記句末助詞
英文關鍵詞: Phonological variation, Malaysian Mandarin, registers, gender, LE, post verbal marker, sentence-final particle
研究方法: 調查研究言談分析
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202401880
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 本研究探討馬來西亞華語「了」(le和liao)的語音變異因素。本研究假設語域和性別是影響le和liao 變體分佈的顯著的語言外部因素,並假設「了」的句法位置(動詞後「了」和句末「了」)是影響「了」語音變異的顯著的語言内部因素。從BBK Network YouTube頻道中新聞播報、紀錄片、採訪以及趣味辯論四種不同的語域為語料,研究「了」語音變異的分佈。本研究采用了GoldVarb X (Sankoff et al. 2005),一種用於變異研究的定量工具。該結果表明語域對「了」語音變異的影響是最大的,尤其新聞播報和紀錄片傾向於le變異的使用,而採訪和趣味辯論更傾向於liao變異。此外,「了」的句法位置也是影響「了」語音變異的顯著因素,尤其動詞後「了」傾向於le變異的使用,而句末「了」則傾向於liao變異的使用。然而,性別並沒有對「了」的語音變異因素造成顯著的影響。

    The present study examines the phonological variation of LE (le and liao) in Malaysian Mandarin. The study hypothesizes that register and gender are the significant language external factors that affect the distribution of le and liao variants. Besides, the study also hypothesizes the syntactic positions of LE (Post Verbal Marker LE and Sentence-Final Particle LE) are an internal language factor that has a significant influence on the phonological variation of LE in Malaysian Mandarin. The present study draws data from four different spoken registers from BBK Network YouTube channel, namely news broadcast, documentary, interview, and entertainment debate. The study employs GoldVarb X (Sankoff et al. 2005), a quantitative tool designed for variations studies, and the results indicate that registers have the most significant influence on the phonological variation of LE, with news broadcasts and documentaries favoring the use of le variant the most while interviews and entertainment debates favoring the use of liao variant. Furthermore, the syntactic positions of LE are also a significant contributor to the phonological variation of LE, with PVM LE favoring le variant whereas SFP LE favoring liao variant. In contrast, gender is identified as an insignificant factor in the phonological variation of LE.

    Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Background of the Chinese Malaysian Community and Malaysian Mandarin 6 1.3 Research Questions 8 1.4 Organization of the Thesis 9 Chapter 2 10 Literature Review 10 2.1 Language Variation 10 2.2 Linguistic Variations in Malaysian Mandarin 12 2.3 Register 18 2.4 Gender Variation 22 2.5 LE and Its Syntactic Positions 25 2.5.1 PVM LE and SFP LE in Verbs of Different Situation Types 27 2.5.1.1 Achievements 27 2.5.1.2 Activities 27 2.5.1.3 Accomplishments 28 2.5.1.4 Statives 30 2.5.2 Ambiguous LE 33 2.6 Concluding Remarks 38 Chapter 3 40 Methodology 40 3.1 Methods of Data Collection 40 3.2 Methods of Data Analysis 40 3.2.1 Distinguishing the Selected Registers 40 3.2.1.1 Situational Characteristics of News Broadcasts 41 3.2.1.2 Situational Characteristics of Documentaries 42 3.2.1.3 Situational Characteristics of Interviews 43 3.2.1.4 Situational Characteristics of Entertainment Debates 44 3.2.1.5 Interim Summary 46 3.2.2 Distinguishing LE and Ambiguous Cases 47 3.2.2.1 Passive Sentences 48 3.2.2.2 Topicalized Sentences 51 3.2.2.3 Empty Category in the Object Position 54 3.2.2.4 Sentences with Intransitive Verbs 56 3.2.3 Tool for Data Analysis 58 3.2.4 Methods of Data Coding and Running 59 Chapter 4 65 Results and Discussions 65 4.1 The Overall Distributions of Le and Liao Tokens 65 4.2 Multivariate Analysis and Discussions 66 4.2.1 Register 68 4.2.2 The Syntactic Positions of LE 71 4.2.3 Gender 74 Chapter 5 75 Conclusion 75 5.1 Summary and Implications 75 5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research 76 References 77 Appendix I 83 Appendix II 84

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