當我看到一位有名的印尼女性部落客Trinity 的一篇貼文，腦中突然產生一個疑問：女性旅遊部落客是如何構想她們的文章內容以及將她們的旅遊經驗透過Instagram 的照片表現出來。為了得知原因，因此我探究三名旅遊部落客在Instagram的表現。本研究以網路研究為基礎，包含分析Instagram的貼文、圖片，以及粉絲留言。
本研究目的在透過Instagram上的旅遊照片來解析印尼女性部落客的特色。此外，本研究的重點是個性化旅遊部落格的代表性，使他們成為數位勞動者。研究的結果顯示： 這些部落客的表現展示了個人化形式，為每位部落客帶來了不同主題。 第一個案例是Marischka ，如同注重風格的創作者，在Instagram世界中展現她自己。第二位是Trinity，她是一位經驗豐富的旅遊專家，將自己的視覺構圖融入Instagram中。最後的Kadekarini在她的Instagram發文中傳達自我提升和自我反省的訊息。這三位部落格已授權自己成為數位經濟中成功的數位勞動力。

When I saw Trinity’s post on Instagram, who is one of famous Indonesia bloggers, I suddenly have a question: How do female travel bloggers create new narratives and present their travel experiences through Instagram photo? I want to know the reason, so I have examined three travel bloggers performance on Instagram. The empirical work is based on netnography, involving the analysis of Instagram posts, images, and comments from the followers.
This research aims to analyze Indonesian female bloggers’ online characteristic through Instagram travel photos. Moreover, the research focused on the personalization and the representation of Indonesian female travel blogger which turn them into forms of digital labor. The result of this research shows the performances of the bloggers exhibit personalization form that brings different themes of each bloggers. Marischka, the first blogger case, shows herself as a style conscious creator in the Instagram world. The second blogger, Trinity is a veteran travel expert who adapts her visual composition to Instagram. The last blogger case in my research, Kadekarini send messages of self-improvement and self-reflection in her Instagram post. The three bloggers have authorized themselves to become the successful digital labors among the digital economy.

Agmasari, S. (2017, Aug 7). Kiat Jadi “Travel Blogger” ala Marischka Prudence. Kompas.com. Retrieved from http://travel.kompas.com/read/2017/08/07/101800927/kiat-jadi-travel-blogger-ala-marischka-prudence

Baruah, A., A. (2017). Travel Imagery in the Age of Instagram: An Ethnography of Travel Influencers and the “Online Tourist Gaze” (Master Thesis). London: Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of London.

Belk, R., & Yeh, J. H. (2011). Tourist photographs: signs of self. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 5(4), 345-353. doi:10.1108/17506181111174628.

Bohang, K. F. (2017, June 27). Indonesia, Pengguna Instagram Terbesar se-Asia Pasifik.

Kompas.com. Retrieved from http://tekno.kompas.com/read/2017/07/27/ 114800 87/ Indonesia-pengguna-instagram-terbesar-se-asia-pasifik.

Bosangit, C., Hibbert.S, and McCabe.S. (2015). "If I was going to die I should at least be having fun": Travel blogs, meaning and tourist experience. Annals of Tourism, 55, 1-14.

Bruno, N., et al. (2016). Composition in Portraits: Selfies and wefies reveal similar biases in untrained modern youths and ancient masters”. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 22(3), 279-293. doi: 10.1080/1357650X.2016.118 5108.

Chen, Hsin- Dai. (2008). Discourse of Subjectivity in Female Backpacker and Blog Writing. (Master Thesis). Taiwan: National Dong Hwa University (In Chinese).

Dinhopl, A & Gretzel, U. (2016). Selfie-Taking as Touristic Looking. Annals of Tourism, 57, 126-139.

Diane, K. B. (2016). Monument Valley, Instagram, and the Closed Circle of Representation. Media Culture Journal, 19, 5.

Detje, T. (2017). The Professionalisation of Touristic Instagramming: A practice study of travel influencers and their contribution to the creation and consumption of tourist images, (Master Thesis), Department of Tourism, Aalborg University, Denmark.

Domsic, L. (2013). Touristic photography and the construction of place identity: Visual Image of Croatia. In

Klein, et al. Advances in Environment, Ecosystems & Sustainable Tourism. ISBN: 978-1-61804-195-1.

Edensor, T. (1998). Tourist at the Taj: Performance and Meaning at a Symbolic Site, London: Routledge.

Fallon, K. (2014). Streams of the Self: The Instagram Feed as Narrative Autobiography. In Hudson Moura, Ricardo

Sternberg, Regina Cunha, Cecília Queiroz, and Martin Zeilinger, Proceedings of the Interactive Narratives, New Media & Social Engagement International Conference. ISBN: 978-0-9939520-0-5.

Fatanti, M. N & Suyadnya, I. W. (2015). Beyond User Gaze: How Instagram Create Tourism Destination Brand? Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 1089-1095.

Hidayat, W. (2017, Aug 24). 17 Travel Blogger Seru Indonesia. Kompas.com, Retrieved from http://tekno.kompas.com/read/2014/08/13/10110067/17. Travel .Blogger.Seru.Indonesia.

Instagram Press. (2017, April 26). 700 Million. Instagram. Retrieved from https://instagram-press.com/blog/2017/04/26/700-million/.

Kaikkonen. A. (2016). Destination Image and Travel Blogs: Influences of Travel Bloggers and Blog Collaboration on Destination Image Formation, Case Study of Iceland. (Master thesis). Retrieved from http://lup.lub.lu.se /luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8889970& fileOId=8889971.

Kementrian Pariwisata Indonesia. (2016, December 27). Ranking Devisa Pariwisata terhadap Komoditas Ekspor Lainnya. Kemenpar.go.id Retrived from http://kemenpar.go.id/userfiles/devisa2011-2015.pdf.

Kim, S. (2010) Extraordinary Experience: Re-enacting and Photographing at Screen Tourism Locations, Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 7(1), 59- 75. doi: 10.1080/14790530903522630.

Kozinets, Robert V., Pierre- Yann Dolbec, and Amanda Early (2014), Netnographic Analysis: Understanding Culture through Social Media Data,” In Uwe Fick, (Eds.), Sage Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis. (pp. 262-275). London: Sage.

Larsen, J. (2004). Performing tourist photography. (PhD Dissertation). Retrieved from https://rucforsk.ruc.dk/ws/files/57418182/Performing_tourist_photography.pdf.

Larsen, J. (2014). Tourist Gaze 1.0, 2.0, 3.0. In A. A. Lew, C. M. Hall and A. M. Williams (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Tourism, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi: 10.1002/9781118474648.ch24.

Lengyell, M. (2011). Images on the Street: Fashion, Personal style and the Satorialist. (Master Thesis). Ryerson University and York University: Toronto.

Lo, I S. and McKercher, B. (2015). Ideal Image in Process: Online Tourist Photography and Impression Management. Annals of Tourism Research, 52, 104-116.

Marwick. A.E. (2015). Instafame: Luxury Selfies in the Attention Economy. Public Culture, 27, (1), 137-160. doi:10.1215/08992363-2798379.

Manovich, L. (2016). Instagram and Contemporary Image. Retreived from http://manovich.net/content/04-projects/150-instagram-and-contemporary-image/instagram_book_manovich.pdf

Manovich, L. & Tifentale, A. (2016). Competitive Photography and the Presentation of the Self. In Jens

Ruchatz, Sabine Wirth, and Julia Eckel (Eds.), #SELFIE– Imag(in)ing the Self in Digital Media, Marburg. Manuscript in preparation.

Morley, J. C. (2015, June 9). Lift Selfies, Lobster Porn and Pool Feet: How Instagram Redefined the Summer. The Guardian.com. Retrieved from https://www. theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/09/lift-selfies-lobster-porn-pool-feet-how- instagram-redefined-summer.

Molz, Jennie German. (2012). Travel Connection: tourism, technology, and togetherness in a mobile world. USA: Routledge.

Nuenen, T. V. (2016). Here I am: Authenticity and self-branding on travel blogs. Tourist studies, 16(2). 192-212. doi: 10.1177/1468797615594748

Pittman, M & Reich, B. (2016). Social media and loneliness: Why an Instagram picture may be worth more than a thousand Twitter words. Computers in Human Behavior. 62, 155-167. 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.084.

Prihanani. D. (2015). Respon Penggunaan Instagram Sebagai Referensi Wisata. (Bachelor thesis). Retrieved from http://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/19617/1/11730050_BAB-I_IV-atau-V_DAFTAR-PUSTAKA.pdf

Ramadhanny, Fitraya. (2015, May 23). Ternyata Travel Journalism Berkontribusi Besar untuk Pariwisata Indonesia. Travel detik.com. Retrieved from https://travel.detik.com/travel-news/d-2922996/ternyata-travel-journalism-berkontribusi-besar-untuk-pariwisata-indonesia

Rose, S.M. (2013). Seeing the World through Rose Colored Filters: Instagram and Tourism. Interventions Journal, 3(1).

Seligson, H. (2016). Why Are More Women than Men on Instagram? The Atlantic.com Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/06/why-are-morewomen- than-men-on-instagram/485993/

Smit, N. (2017). #LoveGreatBritain. A Case Study of VisitBritain's Narrative Construction on Instagram. (Master Thesis). Retrieved from http://theses. ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/123456789/3896/Smit%2c%20Nina.pdf?sequence=1

Statista. (2017). Number of mobile phone users worldwide from 2013 to 2019 (in billions). Statista.com. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/274
774/forecast-of-mobile-phone-users-worldwide/

Statistic Brain. (2017, July 1). Instagram company statistic. Statistic Brain. Retrieved from https://www.statisticbrain.com/instagram-company-statistics/

Stepchenkova, S., & Zhan, F., (2012). Visual destination images of Peru: Comparative content analysis of DMO and user generated photography. Tourism Management, 36, 590-601. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2012.08.006

Stylianou, L, T. (2012). Tourist with cameras: Reproducing or Producing? Annals Tourism Research, 39(4), 1817-1838.

Sun, M. (2013). Analysis of Chinese Travel Blogs of New Zealand. (Master thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from https://waikato.researchgate way.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/7499/thesis.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

Trinity. (2018, Jan 30). Traveling Masa Kini. DestinAsian Indonesia.com. Retrieved from http://destinasian.co.id/traveling-masa-kini/

Urry, J. & Larsen, J. (2011). The Tourist Gaze 3.0. (3rd ed. ed.) London: Sage Publications.
Villi, M. (2015). “Hey, I’m here Right Now”: Camera Phone Photographs and Mediated Presence. Photographies 8 (1), 3-22.

Walters, N. H. & Cassel, H. S. (2016). Still a White Paradise? Photographic Representation of Jamaica as a Tourism Destination. Tourism, Culture & Communication, 16, 59-73.

Whitelocks, S. (2017, June 12). From Yoga Moves to Dreamy gaze: The Instagram Holiday Poses Guaranteed to boost likes. Mail Online. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/travel_news/article-4588274/Travel- Instagrammers-reveal-winningposes.html#ixzz4tqeYv8AB

Yui, Janice & Ip, Ling. (2008). Analyzing tourism discourse: A case study of a Hong Kong travel brochure. LCOM Papers 1, 1-19.