研究生: |
劉怡伶 Liu, Yi-Ling |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
後馬哈迪時期馬中關係 Malaysia-China Relations in the Post-Mahathir Era |
指導教授: |
孫國祥
Sun, Kuo-Hsiang 關弘昌 Kuan, Hung-Chang |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
東亞學系 Department of East Asian Studies |
論文出版年: | 2017 |
畢業學年度: | 105 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 165 |
中文關鍵詞: | 馬來西亞 、外交關係 、馬中關係 、阿都拉 、納吉 、層次分析 |
英文關鍵詞: | Malaysia,, diplomatic relations, Malaysia-China relations, Abdullah, Najib, levels of analysis |
DOI URL: | https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202202573 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:166 下載:39 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
馬來西亞在國際社會上的表現秉持不侵犯自身利益的原則,向來不正面挑戰大國或與其他國家交惡,對外關係採取務實的外交理念。從馬中關係來看,馬來西亞面對崛起的中國,有國際環境和內部政治的考量因素。馬哈迪時期馬來西亞與中國建立穩定的情誼基礎。雖然後續的領導人延續對中政策,但是隨著國際社會環境的變遷、國內政治經濟情勢的發展、還有領導人不同的領導風格,馬中關係也推演至不同的深化階段。
本論文主要探討馬來西亞與中國的外交關係,分別由國際、國家、個人等三個層次分析作為研究途徑。阿都拉與納吉時期的馬中關係產生的延續與變化,是本文分析在後馬哈迪時期馬中關係受影響之因素。最後本文認為後馬哈迪時期的馬來西亞政府未大幅改變馬哈迪之對中政策,僅做出些微調整。本文透過三個層次分析得出馬中關係在阿都拉時期所受到的影響主要體現在個人層次,即阿都拉的性格與政治理念與其前任不同;至於納吉執政時期恰逢國際局勢變遷之際,因此顯示國際層次為馬中關係帶來影響性因素。
When dealing with foreign affairs in international society, Malaysia’s diplomatic policy has always been pragmatic in nature. While upholding its national interests, Malaysian government avoids direct confrontation with major powers and plays a benign role among its counterparts. Malaysia-China relations, to Malaysia, are not just about facing the China’s rise, but also show Malaysia’s consideration of its external conditions and domestic political atmosphere. The foundation of the bilateral ties between these two countries was forged during Mahathir’s administration. Although Mahathir’s successors continued his China policy, Malaysia-China relations have moved to another stage due to the change in international environment, the development of national political economy and the shift in political leadership.
This research aims to examine the diplomatic relations between Malaysia and China through three levels of analysis, i.e., international level, state level and individual level. The author analyzes the shift and continuity in Malaysia-China relations under both Abdullah Badawi’s and Najib’s premierships, in order to understand the factors contributing to the development of the relationship in the post-Mahathir era. The findings of the research conclude that the successive government after Mahathir’s leadership has taken no major shift in Malaysia’s China policy but has made some adjustments. The outcome of three levels of analysis shows that the individual level had significant influence on Malaysia-China relations during Abdullah Badawi’s administration due to his personality and political ideology differing from those of his predecessor. On the contrary, there have been profound changes in international political economy since Najib took the helm, significantly affecting Najib’s China policy.
參考文獻
一、中文
(一)專書
宋鎮照、宋興洲、邱昭憲、洪敬富、許菁芸、郭武平、陳牧民、楊鈞池、盧業中、戴萬平(合著)(2011)。當代中國的東亞外交策略與關係:區域霸權興起?臺北:五南。
阮次山(2007)。與世界領袖對話。臺北:臺灣商務。
林碧炤(2013第三版)。國際政治與外交政策。臺北:五南。1990第一版。
耿曙(2003)。分析層次與國際體系。張亞中(主編)。國際關係總論。臺北:揚智文化。
(二)翻譯書籍
歐信宏、胡祖慶(譯)(2010)。國際關係(International Relations)(原作者:Goldstein, Joshua S. and Pevehouse, Jon C.)。臺北:雙葉書廊。(原著出版年:2006)
羅松濤、邱敬(譯)(2005)。雙邊外交(Bilateral Diplomacy)(原作者:Kishan S. Rana)。北京:北京大學。(原著出版年:2002)
Fong Wei Suat(譯)(2010)Najib的回應:克服昨日的困難、解決今日的爭議、迎向明日的挑戰(Ini Adalah Terjemahan yang Sah Daripada Buku Jawapan Najib)(原作者:Ismail Manja, Jusoh Khairil Annas, Muhammad Mazri)。Kuala Lumpur: Institut terjemahan Negara Malaysia Berhad.(原著出版年:2010)
(三)學位論文
王作成(2004)。馬來西亞與東盟:外交政策與地區主義(博士論文)。復旦大學,上海。
周雅芳(2007)。馬哈迪執政時期之馬中關係研究(1981-2003)(碩士論文)。淡江大學,臺北。
廖玉冰(2002)。馬來西亞對中共之外交政策研究(1957-1999)(碩士論文)。國立政治大學,臺北。
(四)期刊論文
王虎(2011)。馬來西亞對華關係背景分析:以馬中建交過程為例。東南亞研究,(4),70-75。
宋鎮照(2014)。歐巴馬訪問亞洲四國之策略與內涵:政治考量多於經濟利益。臺北論壇,1-11。
李瓊莉(2011)。東協對南海問題的立場與回應。海峽評論,(248): 29-33。
林正義(2010)。中國、東協、美國在南海安全的新角力。戰略安全研析,(64): 9-12。
哈桑‧B.雅各(2006)。全球化時代的中國與馬來西亞。南洋研究問題,2(126): 15-16。
洪財隆(2005)。中國與東協簽署自由貿易協定(FTA)的進程內容與效應。當代中國研究,(4): 14-18。
孫國祥(2014)。第24屆東協峰會中的南海問題觀察。戰略安全研析,(109): 43-50。
張振江(2013)。美國重返東亞及其對區域安全之影響。全球政治評論,(43): 1-8。
許志嘉(2007)。中國新睦鄰外交政策:戰略意涵與作為。遠景基金會季刊,8(3): 43-90。
陳鴻瑜(2005)。東亞峰會評析。展望與探索,4(1): 5-11。
薛力(2009)。中國對東盟的外交:一種建構主義的頗析。二十一世紀評論,116: 21-29。
Nambiar, Shankaran(2014)。TPP:納吉布的死結(The TPP: Najib Razak’s Gordian Knot)。澳大利亞國立大學發展政策中心,372-373。
(五)政府演講
祝家華(1997年2月25日)。國際秩序決不能建立在霸權和統治的基礎上-馬來西亞總理那督˙馬哈蒂爾˙賓˙穆罕默德聯大演講,亞洲週刊。
為了趕上西方—馬來西亞前總理達圖‧馬哈蒂爾訪談錄,(2004年),滬港經濟11。
(六)政府網站
中國—馬來西亞欽州產業園區簡介。(2015年4月14日)。【中國—馬來西亞欽州產業園區】。取自http://www.qip.gov.cn/News/Detail2/7ba78e32-9430-438f-bf4d-06f73d219d39?SignName=yqjj
【馬來西亞貿易及工業部官方網站】(Official Portal of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry)。取自 http://www.miti.gov.my/index.php/pages/view/2818?mid=261
【馬來西亞—中國關丹產業園區】(Malaysia - China Kuantan Industrial Park)。取自http://www.fdi.gov.cn/CorpSvc/Temp/T3/Product.aspx?idCorp=1200000025&idInfo=10000036
【馬來西亞華人公會官方網站】(Malaysian Chinese Association)。取自http://www.mca.org.my/1
【馬來西亞國大黨官方網站】(Malaysia India Congress)。取自http://www.mic.org.my/
【馬來西亞國際貿易及工業部官方網站】(Official Portal of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry)。取自http://www.miti.gov.my/index.php/pages/view/2818?mid=261
【馬來西亞—中國商務理事會】。取自 http://www.mcbc.com.my/introduction
(七)報紙
官泰發、李志恆(2014年7月6日)。展望馬中經貿下一個40年圓桌會議(上篇),用軟實力實現馬中夢。南洋商報,A2。
官泰發、李志恆(2014年7月7日)。展望馬中經貿下一個40年圓桌會議(下篇),大馬成中國東協橋梁。南洋商報,A2。
(2014年6月25日)。習近平會見下院議長班迪卡呼籲,加速馬中戰略夥伴關係。南洋商報,A4。
八、網路資訊
王軍偉(2010年01月01日)。中國聚焦:世界上最大的自由貿易區正式建成。【新華網】。取自http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2010-01/01/content_12738306.htm
宋健坤(2012年12月4日)。分析:中國將是南海能源戰略角逐主角。【FT中文網】。取自 http://big5.ftchinese.com/story/001047818?full=y
林巧婷(2014年11月10日)。李克強會見馬來西亞總理納吉布時強調推動中馬關係持續健康穩定發展。【中央人民政府網站】。取自http://www.gov.cn/guowuyuan/2014-11/10/content_2776941.htm
基路亞(2013年6月)。納吉布之困。【Global New Economy】。取自 http://vip.dglib.cn:8080/FK_ArticelSearch.aspx?ID=46154462#
函子(2013年9月06日)。馬來西亞國際貿易與工業部部長穆斯塔法‧莫哈邁德:「南海局勢不會影響馬中經貿關係」。【東盟經濟時報】。取自http://www.aseanecon.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-127675
孫奕(2009年4月13日)。楊潔篪向東盟國家駐華使節通報中國加強同東盟合作的建議和設想〉。【人民網】。取自http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/1027/9116380.html
馮堅、黎藜版(2013年10月4日)。習近平同納吉布舉行會談,決定建立中馬全面戰略夥伴關係。【新華網】。取自http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2013-10/04/c_117595519.htm
劉虹妤(2013年10月18日)。中國大學首個海外分校落戶馬來西亞,中馬合作不斷拓寬。【國際在線專稿】。取自http://gb.cri.cn/42071/2013/10/18/5931s4290197.htm
吳漢鈞(2014年5月28日)。納吉訪華突顯中馬關係戰略地位。【聯合早報】。取自http://www.zaobao.com.sg/special/report/supplement/malaysiaairlines/story20140528-348010
郭金超、趙勝玉(2015年11月23日)。李克強同納吉布舉行會談:全面提升中馬全面戰略夥伴關係。【中國網】。取自 http://big5.china.com.cn/news/2015-11/23/content_37139661.htm
凱文•布朗(何黎譯)(2011年11月23日)。東盟峰會突顯南海問題。【FT中文網】。取自 http://big5.ftchinese.com/story/001041860
劉淼淼(2015年11月1日)。中國(四川)馬來西亞民間友好交流會在蓉舉辦。【四川日報】。取自http://epaper.scdaily.cn/shtml/scrb/20151030/114549.shtml
鐘欣(2015年10月31日)。馬來西亞將對中國免簽,免簽僅限兩人以上購買套票者。【京華時報】。取自http://epaper.jinghua.cn/html/2015-10/31/content_247907.htm
一個馬來西亞經濟大會,諾莫哈末:困先進發展中國家之間,大馬經濟面臨轉型危機(2010年2月9日)。【光明日報】。取自 http://www.guangming.com.my/node/67680
大馬促中國海軍撤離砂外海(2015年8月15日)。【東方網】。取自http://www.orientaldaily.com.my/nation/gn201443072
五國聯防軍演提升區域安全(2013年11月8日)。【東方網】。取自http://www.orientaldaily.com.my/nation/gn37700
李克強在中馬經濟高層論壇發表主旨演講(2015年11月24)。【中國新聞網】。取自 http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2015/11-24/7637701.shtml
中馬經貿聯委會第十次會議在北京成功舉行(2015年9月14日)。【中國自由貿易區服務網】。取自http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/article/chinadm/chinadmnews/201509/28437_1.html
中國與東盟結束自貿區升級談判並簽署升級《議定書》(2015年11月23日)。【中國自由貿易區服務網】。取自http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/article/chinadm/chinadmnews/201511/29456_1.html
「南康暗沙數大馬」,沙希淡:不容侵犯主權(2015b年6月13日)。【星洲網】。取自 http://www.sinchew.com.my/node/1451916
胡錦濤在黨的十七大上的報告(2007年10月24日)。【新華網】。取自http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2007-10/24/content_6938568.htm
馬中關係更上一層樓(2015年11月24日)。【星洲日報】。取自 http://opinions.sinchew.com.my/node/38317#ixzz3xaMnludy
馬來西亞貿工部長認為,加入TPP及馬國—歐盟FTA有助提升馬國對外貿易(2014年8月7日)。【經濟部駐馬來西亞代表處經濟組】。取自 http://info.taiwantrade.com.tw/CH/bizsearchdetail/7579290
納吉:APEC有助改善亞太經貿(2014年11月12日)。【今日新聞網】。取自http://www.nownews.com/n/2014/11/12/1503098
新經濟模式只承諾使用新途徑,納吉:我沒說要廢除扶弱政策(2010年6月29日)。【當今大馬】。取自https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/135865
《婆羅洲郵報》報道,「馬中艦艇瓊台礁對峙」(2015a年6月5日)。【星洲網】。取自http://news.sinchew.com.my/node/427429
數家中國公司參與競標檳城53億林吉特輕軌項目(2015年10月16日)。【新華網】。取自http://my.xinhuanet.com/2015-10/16/c_128326741.htm
二、英文
(一)專書
Abdul Razak Baginda (Ed.) (2009). Malaysia’s Defence & Security Since 1957. Malaysia: Malaysia Strategic Research Centre.
Berridge, G. R. (2002). Diplomacy Second Edition: Theory and Practice. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1057/9780230277359.
Dhillon, Karminder Singh (2009). Malaysian Foreign Policy in the Mahathir Era, 1981-2003: Dilemmas of Development. Singapore: National University of Singapore.
Hamilton, K. and Langhorne, R. (1995). The Practice of Diplomacy in Evolution, Theory and Administration. London, England: Routledge.
Jeshurun, Chandran (2007). Malaysia: Fifty Years of Diplomacy 1957-2007. New York: The Other Press.
Kransner, Stephen D. (1999). Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Lemiere, Sophie (ed.) (2014). Misplaced Democracy: Malaysian Politics and People. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre.
Mingst, Karen A. (2008). Essential of International Relations. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 4th ed.
Ooi, Kee Beng (2006). Era of Transition: Malaysia after Mahathir. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Saravanamuttu, Johan and Saravanamuttu, Jayaratnam (2010). Malaysia’s Foreign Policy: The First Fifty Years: Alignment, Neutralism, Islamism. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Scott, James C. (1968). Political Ideology in Malaysia: Reality and the Beliefs of an Elite. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Spruyt, Hendrik (1994). The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change. New Jersey: Princeton University Press
Yeoh, Oon (2009). Najib’s First 100 Days: no honeymoon. Selangor, Malaysia: Gerakbudaya Enterprise.
(二)專書論文、學位論文
Abdul Azim Zabidi (2013). “Before Malaysia’s Time”: An Interview with Abdul Azim Zabidi. In Bridget Welsh and Chin, James U.H.(Eds.), Awakening the Abdullah Badawi Years in Malaysia (pp. 111-126). Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre.
Chander, Ramesh (2013). Abdullah Badawi’s Economic Policies: Between Promise and Delivery. In Bridget Welsh and Chin, James U.H.(Eds.), Awakening the Abdullah Badawi Years in Malaysia (pp.419-432). Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre.
Dhillon, Karminder Singh (2005). Malaysian Foreign Policy in the Mahathir Era, 1981-2003 (Doctoral dissertation). Boston University, Massachusetts Retrieved from http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/cgi-bin2/Libo.cgi?
Gomez, Edmund Terence (2012). The Politics and Policies of Corporate Development: Race, Rents and Redistribution in Malaysia. In Hal Hill, Tham Siew Yean and Ragayah Haji Mat Zin (Eds.), Malaysia’s Development Challenges: Graduating from the Middle (63-82). New York: Routledge.
Hill, Hal (2008). Malaysian Economic Development in Comparative Southeast Asian Perspective. In Liao, Shaolian (Ed.), Malaysia and Sino-Malaysian Relations in a Changing World (pp. 1-34). Xiamen, China: Xiamen University Press.
Khalid, K. M. (2013). Malaysian Foreign Relations and Diplomacy under Abdullah Badawi. In Bridget Welsh and Chin, James U.H.(Eds.), Awakening the Abdullah Badawi Years in Malaysia (pp. 527-550). Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre.
Kim, Shee Poon (2008). Malaysia’s Changing Policies toward China: From Non-Recognition to Rapprochement. In Liao, Shaolian (Ed.), Malaysia and Sino-Malaysian Relations in a Changing World (pp. 231-252). Xiamen,China: Xiamen University Press.
Kuik, C. C. (2013). Malaysia’s China Policy under Abdullah More Continuity than Change? In Bridget Welsh and Chin, James U.H.(Eds.), Awakening the Abdullah Badawi Years in Malaysia (pp. 590-608). Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre.
Kuik, C. C. (2014b). Malaysia-China Relations: Three Enduring Themes. In Meredith L. Weiss (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Malaysia (pp. 417-427). London & New York: Routledge.
Lee, John (2011). Malaysia “Punching above its Weight”…and Finally Hitting the Target. In Daljit Singh (Ed.), Southeast Asian Affairs (pp.158–170). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Liow, Joseph Chin Yong (2005). Balancing, Bandwagoning, or Hedging: Strategic and Security Patterns in Malaysian’s Relations with China, 1981-2003. In Ho, Khai Leong and Ku, Samuel C Y (Eds.), China and Southeast Asia: Global Changes and Regional Challenges. (pp. 281-306). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies/ Kaohsiung, Taiwan ROC: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Liow, Joseph Chin Yong (2009). Malaysia's Post-Cold War China Policy: A Reassessment. In Jun Tsunekawa (Ed.), The Rise of China: Responses from Southeast Asia and Japan. (pp. 47-79). Tokyo, Japan: The National Institute for Defense Studies.
Martinez, P. A. (2005). Malaysia in 2004: Abdullah Badawi Defines His Leadership. In Chin Kin Wah (Ed.), Southeast Asian Affairs, utheast Asian Affairs. (pp.191-210). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Nathan, K. S. (2013) National Security Conceptions and Foreign Policy Behaviour: Transcending the Dominant Race Paradigm? In Anthony Milner, Abdul Rahman Embong and Tham Siew Yean (Eds.), Transforming Malaysia: Dominant and Competing Paradigms. (pp. 202). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Pan, Yining (2008). China-Malaysia Relationship: Malaysia’s Security Perceptions of China’s Rise. In Liao, Shaolian (Eds.), Malaysia and Sino-Malaysian Relations in a Changing World (pp. 274-282). Xiamen, China: Xiamen University Press.
Selat, A. M. (2006). New Direction in Malaysia’s Foreign Policy: from Tunku to Abdullah Badawi. In Ruhans Harun(Ed.), Malaysia’s Foreign Relations: Issues and Challenges. (pp. 13-28). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: University of Malaysia Press.
Sodhy, P. (2007). Malaysia-US Relations. In Abdul Razak Baginda (Ed.), Malaysia’s Foreign Policy: Continuity and Change. Shah Alan: Marshall Cavendish(Malaysia) Sdn Bhd.
Tun Abdullah Badawi (2013). “Doing the Invisible”: A Conversation with Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. In Bridget Welsh and Chin, James U.H.(Eds.), Awakening the Abdullah Badawi Years in Malaysia (pp. 3-38). Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre.
(三)期刊論文
Apdal, M. S. and Thayer, C. A. (2003). Security, Political Terrorism and Militant Islam in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1-36.
Astarita, C. (2008). China's Role in the Evolution of Southeast Asian Regional Organizations. China Perspectives, 3(75):78-86.
Dalpino, C. E. (2005). China’s Emergence in Asia and Implications for U.S. Relations with Southeast Asia. Statement before the United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 1-10.
Gatsiounis, I. (2006). Islam Hadhari in Malaysia. Hudson Institute, 78-88.
Bakar, I. A. (2005). Malaysian Perceptions of China. Historia Actual Online, (7): 93-105.
Johnson, J. R. (2010). Cooperation and Pragmatism: Malaysian Foreign Policy under Najib. Asia Pacific Bulletin, 63: 1-2.
Khalid, K. M. (2011). Malaysia's Foreign Policy under Najib. University of California Press, 51(3): 429-452.
Kuik, C. C. (2008). The Essence of Hedging: Malaysia and Singapore’s Response to a Rising China. Contemporary Southeast Asia: a Joumal of International and Strategic Affairs, 30(2): 159-185.
Kuik, C. C. (2012). Malaysia’s China Policy in the Post-Mahathir Era: A Neoclassical Realist Explanation. Singapore: Rajaratnam School of International Studies, 244: 1-56.
Kuik, C. C. (2013). Making Sense of Malaysia’s China Policy: Asymmetry, Proximity, and Elite’s Domestic Authority. Oxford Journals: The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 6: 429-467. doi:10.1093/cjip/pot006.
Liow, J. C. Y. (2000). Malaysia-China Relations in the 1990s: The Maturing of a Partnership. Asian Survey, 40(4): 672-691.
Mauzy, D. K. and Job, B. L. (2007). U.S. Policy in Southeast Asia: Limited Re-engagement after Years of Benign Neglect. Asian Survey, 47(4): 622-641.
McDevitt, M. (2007). The 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review and National Security Strategy: Is There an American Strategic Vision for East Asia? Issues and Insights, 7(1): 1-3.
Ott, M. C.(1972)Foreign Policy Formulation in Malaysia. Asian Survey, 12(3): 225-241.
Pandian, S., Omar, R. and Sani M. A.M. (2010). “Work with me, not for me”: Malaysia under Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (2003-2009). Asian Culture History, 2(1): 97-107.
Singer, J. D. (1961). The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations Cambridge University Press, 14(1): 77-92.
Sodhy, P. (2003). US-Malaysian Relations during the Bush Administration: The Political, Economic, and Security Aspect. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 25(3): 363-386.
Tay, S. C. S. (2004). Asia and the United States after 9/11: Primacy and Partnership in the Pacific. The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 28(1): 622-641.
Welsh, B. (2005). Malaysia in 2004: Out of Mahathir’s Shadow? Asian Survey, 45(1): 153-160. doi: 10.1525/as.2005.45.1.153.
Welsh, B. (2013). Malaysia’s Election and Najib’s Challenged Mandate. Asia Pacific Bulletin, 216: 1-2.
Yurdusev, A. N. (1993). “Level of Analysis” and “Unit of Analysis”: a Case for Distinction. Millennium - Journal of International Studies, 22(1): 77-88. doi: 10.1177/03058298930220010601
(四)官方資訊
1、政府演講、官方文件
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, (2005, Mar. 31). Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand,Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi, China-Malaysia Economic Conference, Bandar Sunway. (2004, Feb.24)
Chairman’s Statement of the 27th ASEAN Summit Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Our People, Our Community, Our Vision. (2015, Nov. 18- 22). Retrieved from http://asean.org/asean/asean-structure/asean-summit/27th-asean-summit-kuala-lumpur-malaysia-18-22-november-2015/
Najib Razak (2016, May 17). Global Competitiveness: Malaysia's Aspirations. [NajibRazak.com]. Retrieved from https://www.najibrazak.com/bm/blog/global-competitiveness-malaysias-aspirations/
Najib Razak (2015, Nov. 21-22).Opening Address By Datuk Seri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak, Prime Minister Of Malaysia Opening Ceremony of the 27th ASEAN Summit and Related Summit. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Bernama]. Retrieved from http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v8/bu/newsbusiness.php?id=1192001
Najib Razak (2013, June 13). Keynote Address By YAB Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib Bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak Prime Minister Of Malaysia At Invest Malaysia 2013. [NajibRazak.com], Retrieved from https://www.najibrazak.com/bm/speeches/keynote-address-by-yab-dato-sri-mohd-najib-bin-tun-haji-abdul-razak-prime-minister-of-malaysia-at-invest-malaysia-2013/.
Najib Razak (2012, May 28). 26th Asia-Pacific Roundtable –ISIS. [NajibRazak.com]. Retrieved from https://www.najibrazak.com/en/speeches/26th-asia-pacific-roundtable-isis/.
Najib Razak (2009, June 22). Datuk Seri Najib, Speech at, “Malaysia Foreign Policy: Future Direction for 2009-2015”, in Heads of Mission Conference, Putrajaya Kuala Lumpur,
Najib Razak (2009, June 22). Keynote Address at the 7th Heads if Mission Conference – “Malaysian Foreign Policy: Future Direction for 2009-2015”. [NajibRazak.com]. Retrieved from https://www.najibrazak.com/en/speeches/keynote-address-at-the-7th-heads-of-mission-conference-malaysian-foreign-policyfuture-direction-for-2009-2015/
Najib Razak (2006, Mar. 9). Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak, Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia, “Strategic Outlook for East Asia: A Malaysian Perspective”, Keynote Address to the Malaysia and East Asia International Conference, Kuala Lumpur,
Statement by Christopher J. LaFleur, Ambassador-Designate to Malaysia, U.S.-Malaysian Relations on “a Positive Path”. (2004, Sep. 10). [U.S Department of State]. Retrieved from http://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2004/37271.htm
“Agreement Between the Government Of Malaysia And The Communist Party Of Malaya To Terminate Hostilities” 1989 [Their Word]
“Malaysia International Trade and Industry Report 2015"“U.S. Accession to ASEAN's Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC)” [Association of Southeast Asian Nations]
“Rethinking the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN) in the Post-Cold War Era” (2011, May 31) 25TH Asia-Pacific Roundtable” [Institute of Strategic & International Studies (ISIS) Malaysia.]
(五)官方網站
[Association of Southeast Asian Nation]. Retrieved from http://www.asean.org/Biography Najib Razak.
[NajibRazak.com]. Retrieved from https://www.najibrazak.com/en/about/
[Department of Statistics Malaysia, Official Portal]. Retrieved from https://www.statistics.gov.my/.
Five Power Defense Arrangements (FPDA). [Global Security]. Retrieved from http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/int/fpda.htm
Malaysia’s Foreign Policy. [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia]. Retrieved from http://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/foreign_policy
[Maritime Security Coast Surveillance]. Retrieved from http://www.coastalsurveillancemda.com/
[Muslim Population]. Retrieved from http://www.muslimpopulation.com/asia/
[Malaysia’s Free Trade Agreements]. Retrieved from http://fta.miti.gov.my/index.php/pages/view/60?mid=39
[The World Bank]. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2015&locations=MY&start=1961&view=chart
[U.S. Department of State]. Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/10/215235.htm
(六)研討會、書評
Dalpino, C. E. (2005, June). China’s Emergence in Asia and Implications for U.S. Relations with Southeast Asia. The Emergence of China Throughout Asia: Security and Economic Consequences for the U.S. Symposium conducted at United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
Gibbons, D. S. (1969). Political Ideology in Malaysia: Reality and the Beliefs of an Elite. By James C. Scott. New Haven: Yale University Press [Review of Political Ideology in Malaysia: Reality and the Beliefs of an Elite. by James C. Scott]. The Journal of Asian Studies. 29(1): 203-205. doi: 10.2307/2942581.
Khalid, K. M. (conference) (2009, Set. ). Malaysian Foreign Policy Orientation and Relations in the Post-Mahathir Years. (pp. 306-336). University of Malaya in International Conference on Malaysia: Malaysia in Global Perspective, Cairo University, Egypt.
Lim, T. S. (2009). Renewing 35 Years of Malaysia-China Relations: Najib’s Visit to China. Singapore: East Asia Institute, 1-14.
Roff, William R. (1971, Jun.). Review. [Review of Political Ideology in Malaysia: Reality and the Beliefs of an Elite. by James C. Scott]. the Academy of Political Science. 356-358. doi: 10.2307/2148057.
Shee, P. K. (2004) .The Political Economy of Mahathir’s China Policy: Economic Cooperation, Political and Strategic Ambivalence. The International Studies Association of Ritsumeikan University: Ritsumeikan Annual Review of International Studies. at International Studies Association of Ritsumeikan University, Japan.
Sodhy, P. (2012). Malaysia-US Relations 2000-2011. Malaysia: Institute of Strategic and International Studies,1-134
(七)網路資訊
Chang, Felix K. (2014, July 9). A Question of Rebalancing: Malaysia’s Relations with China. [Foreign Policy Research Institute]. Retrieved from http://www.fpri.org/article/2014/07/a-question-of-rebalancing-malaysias-relations-with-china/
Clinton, H. (2011, Oct. 11). America's Pacific Century. [Foreign Policy]. Retrieved from http://foreignpolicy.com/2011/10/11/americas-pacific-century/
Das, Sanchita Basu and Iseas-Yii (2015, Dec. 5). Evaluating Malaysia’s ASEAN Chairmanship. [Esat. Asia Forum]. Retrieved from http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2015/12/05/evaluating-malaysias-asean-chairmanship/
Graham, Euan (2014, Oct. 21). FPDA—not Fade Away. [Australian Strategic Policy Institute]. Retrieved from http://www.aspistrategist.org.au/fpda-not-fade-away/
Grudgings, Stuart (2014, Feb. 26). Insight – China's Assertiveness Hardens Malaysian Stance in Sea Dispute. [Reuters]. Retrieved from http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-malaysia-china-maritime-insight-idUKBREA1P1Z020140226
Huxley, Tim (2012, Nov. 8,). The future of the Five Power Defence Arrangements. [Australian Strategic Policy Institute]. Retrieved from http://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-future-of-the-five-power-defence-arrangements
Keck, Zachary (2013, Oct. 19). Malaysia to Establish Marine Corps and South China Sea Naval Base. [The Diplomat]. Retrieved from http://thediplomat.com/2013/10/malaysia-to-establish-marine-corps-and-south-china-sea-naval-base/ Zachary Keck
Kuik, C. C. (2014a, Oct. 28). Malaysia-China Relations after MH370: Policy Change or Business as Usual? [The Asan Forum]. Retrieved from http://www.theasanforum.org/malaysia-china-relations-after-mh370-policy-change-or-business-as-usual/
Kuik, C. C. (2015, Dec. 6). Malaysia’s Balancing Act. [The New York Times]. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/07/opinion/malaysias-balancing-act.html?_r=2
Lockman, Shahriman (2013, Apr. 24). Why Malaysia isn’t afraid of China(for now). [The Strategist]. Retrieved from http://www.aspistrategist.org.au/why-malaysia-isnt-afraid-of-china-for-now/
Mergawati Zulfakar (2013, Feb. 20). Najib Hopes Wen Will Continue to Promote Malaysia-China Relations. [The Star Online]. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/11/20/najib-hopes-wen-will-continue-to-promote-malaysiachina-relations/
Nguyen, Huu Tuc (2015, Jan.20). Malaysia Likely to Keep China "Hedging" Policy, [Asia Cargo News]. Retrieved from: http://www.asiacargonews.com/en/news/detail?id=96
Parameswaran, Prashanth (2015a, Dec. 4). Malaysia Wants Expanded Naval Protocol Amid South China Sea Disputes. [The Diplomat]. Retrieved from http://thediplomat.com/2015/12/malaysia-wants-expanded-naval-protocol-amid-south-china-sea-disputes/
Parameswaran Prashanth (2015b, Mar. 6) Malaysia's South China Sea Policy: Playing It Safe.. [The Diplomat]. Retrieved from http://thediplomat.com/2015/03/malaysias-south-china-sea-policy-playing-it-saf
Parameswaran, Prashanth (2015c, Jun. 9). Malaysia Responds to China’s South China Sea Intrusion. [The Diplomat]. Retrieved from http://thediplomat.com/2015/06/malaysia-responds-to-chinas-south-china-sea-intrusion/e/
Parameswaran, Prashanth (2015d, Nov. 6). What Did the 3rd ASEAN Defense Minister’s Meeting Plus Achieve? [The Diplomat]. Retrieved from http://thediplomat.com/2015/11/what-did-the-3rd-asean-defense-ministers-meeting-plus-accomplish/
Permal, Sumathy (2015, Sep. 28). MinDef: The 1st Malaysia-China Strategic Defence and Security Consultation (SDSC). [Official Portal Ministry of Defence, Malaysia]. Retrieved from http://www.mod.gov.my/en/information/257-arkib-berita/1293-mindef-the-1st-malaysia-china-strategic-defence-and-security-consultation-sdsc.html
Permal, Sumathy (2015a, Sep. 28). China and Malaysia’s First-Ever Joint Military Exercise is an Important Strategic Move. [The Star Online]. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/09/28/friendship-and-peace-on-the-waterway/
Pullin, Richard (2015, Oct. 18). Malaysia slams China's "provocation" in South China Sea. [Reuters]. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-southchinasea-china-idUSL3N12I04D20151018
Qin, Jize (2013, Feb. 6). China, Malaysia Launch Joint Industrial Park. [China Daily]. Retrieved from http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2013-02/06/content_16205587.htm
Rahmat, Ridzwan (2015, Dec. 03). Malaysia Calls for Expanded Use of Cues in South China Sea. [HIS Jane’s360]. Retrieved from http://www.janes.com/article/56426/malaysia-calls-for-expanded-use-of-cues-in-south-china-sea
Symonds, Peter (2015, Apr. 28). South China Sea Disputes Dominate ASEAN Summit. [World Socialist Web Site]. Retrieved from https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2015/04/28/asea-a28.html
Tarmizi, Jastin Ahmad (2015, Dec. 27). In Command of Our Seas. [The Star Online]. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/12/27/in-command-of-our-seas-he-may-be-new-at-the-helm-but-admiral-datuk-seri-ahmad-kamarulzaman-ahmad-bad/
Tho, Xin Yi (2014, Nov. 10). Malaysia, China Intimate Friends, Says Chinese President. [The Star Online]. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/11/10/apec-chinese-president-meets-najib-razak/
Trefor Moss (2015, Aug. 4). Asean Urged to Stand Up to Beijing Over South China Sea. [The Wall Street Journal]. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/articles/asean-urged-to-stand-up-to-beijing-over-south-china-sea-1438690560
Wee, Sui-Lee and Mogato, Manuel (2014, May 23). China Warns Japan, Philippines Accuses China in Maritime Spat. [Reuters]. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-idUSBREA4M04Y20140523
Wong, Sai Wan and Chow, How Ban (2009, June 4). Najib’s Visit Heralds a New Era of Diplomatic Ties with China. [The Star Online]. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2009/06/04/najibs-visit-heralds-a-new-era-of-diplomatic-ties-with-china/
“Engage China” The View from Kuala Lumpur. [Asiaweek.com]. Retrieved from
http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/97/0801/cs2.html
Hillary Clinton's Trips to Asia. (2010, Jan. 14). [The Washington Post]. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/13/AR2010011304283.html
Joint Press Release on the 7th FPDA Defence Ministers' Meeting. (2009, Jun. 1). [MINDEF Singapore]. Retrieved from http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/press_room/official_releases/nr/2009/jun/01jun09_nr.html#.V2oBcvl97IU
Joint Statement on the ASEAN-U.S. Strategic Partnership. (2015a, Nov. 21). [The White House]. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/11/21/joint-statement-asean-us-strategic-partnership
Khazanah Sets Up First Overseas Office in Beijing. (2008, Oct. 24). [The Star Online]. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2008/10/24/khazanah-sets-up-first-overseas-office-in-beijing/
Malaysia-China Relations at the Best Level in History -Najib. (2015, Nov. 18). [Astro Awani]. Retrieved from http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/malaysia-china-relations-best-level-history-najib-81317
Malaysia to Establish Marine Corps, Naval Base Close to Shoal. (2013, Oct. 18). [Malaysia Today]. Retrieved from http://www.malaysia-today.net/malaysia-to-establish-marine-corps-naval-base-close-to-shoal/
Malaysia, China, Hold Their First Ever Defence and Security Consultation. (2012, Sep. 11). [Nam News Network]. Retrieved from http://namnewsnetwork.org/v3/read.php?id=MjA1ODE3
Malaysia to help resolve Middle East crisis. (2006, Dec. 19). [The Star Online Tuesday]. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2006/12/19/malaysia-to-help-resolve-middle-east-crisis/
Najib Stresses China Ties Despite Growing Asia Territorial Disputes. (2014, May 22). [The Star Online]. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/05/22/najib-razak-malaysia-china-japan-territorial-disputes/
Najib Describes China Trip as Encouraging for Diplomatic Relations. (2014, June 1). [Malaymail Online]. Retrieved from http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/najib-describes-china-trip-as-encouraging-for-diplomatic-relations#sthash.aaNwWjSp.dpuf
Obama Expected to Push for Closer Ties with Malaysia, Asean During Visit. (2014a, Apr.16). [The Star Online]. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/04/16/obama-to-push-for-closer-malaysia-asean-ties/
Obama was Overwhelmed by Malaysian Hospitality, Says US Ambassador. (2014b, May 5). [The Star Online]. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/05/05/obama-overwhlemed-malaysia-hospitality/
Obama to Discuss TPPA and South China Sea in KL. (2015b, Nor. 3). [The Star Online]. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/11/03/obama-to-discuss-tppa-and-south-china-sea-in-kl/
Official Launch of Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park. (2013, Feb. 5). [Office of The Prime Minister Putrajaya, Malaysia]. Retrieved from http://www.pmo.gov.my/home.php?menu=speech&page=1908&news_id=643&speech_cat=2
Special Committee to Study Economic Impact on Malaysia-China Trade. (2014a, Apr. 12).[Malaymail Online]. Retrieved from http://www.themalaymailonline.com/money/article/government-to-form-special-committee-to-study-economic-impact-on-malaysia-c#sthash.kvYt0Agj.dpuf
U.S.-ASEAN Leaders Joint Statement 1st ASEAN-U.S. Leaders’ Meeting, Singapore. (2009, Nov. 15).[The White House]. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/us-asean-leaders-joint-statement
U.S., Malaysia don't Bite over Hunger Strike. (2002, Apr. 16). [CNN]. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/04/15/malaysia.kelly/
Rundingan FTA dengan AS Ditangguh.(美國與馬來西亞FTA談判推遲)(2009, Jan. 13). [Utusan Online]. Retrieved from http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2009&dt=0113&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Muka_Hadapan&pg=mh_03.htm