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研究生：	陳倩雯 Chen Chien Wen
論文名稱：	加速溶劑萃取系統與高效能液相層析介面在分析土壤中多苯環芳香烴化合物之方法研究 Interfacing ASE and HPLC for the determination of PAH in soil
指導教授：	吳家誠 Wu, Jia-Cheng
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	化學系 Department of Chemistry
畢業學年度：	87
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	143
中文關鍵詞：	加速溶劑萃取、氣相層析儀、高效率液相層析儀、氣相質譜儀、多苯環芳香烴化合物、土壤、螢光
英文關鍵詞：	ASE, GC, HPLC, GC, PAH, soil, Fluorescence
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：290 下載：0
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摘要
快速有效、方便又省溶劑的加速溶液萃取法(accelerated solvent extraction, ASE)，已經藉著氣相層析(GC)、高效率液相層析(HPLC)或是氣相層析質譜法(GC-MS)運用在分析有機樣品研究上，很多種揮發或不揮發的有機化合物像是殺蟲劑及多苯環芳香烴化合物(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)更容易用HPLC來分離，因此我們設計一套連線介面將ASE連線於HPLC，使得樣品前處理的方法能保有ASE的簡單方便等各項優點，並且同時保有HPLC對揮發及不揮發的樣品中待測物的解析度。
本實驗是將ASE連線HPLC，運用於分析土壤樣品中的PAHs，從結果中發現這個方法能夠維持著HPLC的高解析度以及ASE的優點，像是操作簡單、省溶劑及良好之萃取效果等，並且因為連線減少了人為因素所造成的誤差，增加實驗速率。另外也利用標準參考物質(QCS345)樣品的多次驗證，測出的結果皆在證書的範圍內，證明這個方法能簡單有效準確的檢測土壤中之PAHs含量。這個方法也實際運用在台灣各地土壤的分析工作上，結果顯示本方法對於真實樣品也是可行的。

Abstract
As a fast, convenient, and low solvent consuming extraction method, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technique has been studied for the analyses of organic compounds followed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). However, many classes of widely-used organic compounds today are semi- or nonvolatiles, such as pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). They are easily separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thus, it would be advantageous to interface ASE with an HPLC system to provide easy sample preparation as well as possess high resolving power for semi- and non-volatiles simultaneously.
A method was developed to couple an accelerated solvent extraction system (ASE) with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of PAH in soil samples. The resolution of HPLC is well maintained while the advantages of ASE, fast extraction, less solvent consumption and ease of operation, are well expressed. The precision and accuracy of this method are verified by a series of analyses of reference material (QCS345sample from ERA). And the real sample collected at different sites in Taiwan. The data shows that it is feasible to analyze real samples using this method.

目錄
中文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
英文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ
目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ
表目錄 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅴ
圖目錄 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅷ
第一章 前言----------------------------------------------------------------------1
一、 研究動機及內容 ------------------------------------------------------1
二、 土壤 ---------------------------------------------------------------------4
三、 多苯環芳香烴化合物 ------------------------------------------------7
四、 加速溶劑萃取法 -----------------------------------------------------18
第二章 實驗設備 --------------------------------------------------------------36
一、 採樣及前處理設備 --------------------------------------------------36
二、 分析儀器設備 --------------------------------------------------------37
三、 實驗用化學試劑 -----------------------------------------------------38
第三章 實驗部份 --------------------------------------------------------------41
一、 實驗一 -----------------------------------------------------------------41
A、 實驗內容 --------------------------------------------------------------41
B、  結果與討論 ------------------------------------------------------------50
二、 實驗二 -----------------------------------------------------------------80
A、 實驗內容 -------------------------------------------------------------80
B、  結果與討論 ---------------------------------------------------------84
第四章 結論 ------------------------------------------------------------------115
第五章 參考資料 ------------------------------------------------------------117
附件一 --------------------------------------------------------------------------125
附件二 --------------------------------------------------------------------------126
附件三 --------------------------------------------------------------------------134
附件四 --------------------------------------------------------------------------140
表目錄
表一、24 種 PAH 之 名 稱 與 物 理 性 質
Table1.Basic properties of 24 PAHs -------------------------------------------8
表二 、一般常被使用於萃取之有機溶劑之物理性質
Table 2 The basic properties of organic solvent (50) -----------------------24
表三、不同的大氣壓下有機溶劑之沸點
Table 3 Boiling point of organic compounds at different atmospheric pressures ----------------------------------------------------------------27
表四、以ASE萃取PAH之萃取條件整理
Table 4 The extraction parameters of ASE for PAH -----------------------31
表五、以ASE萃取之萃取條件整理
Table 5 The extraction parameters of ASE in different samples ----------31
表六、固體樣品萃取方法之比較
Table 6 Comparison of some extraction techniques for soil samples ----
       ---------------------------------------------------------------------------34
表七、各萃取方法萃取PAH之回收率的比較
Table 7 Comparison of some extraction techniques for PAH  -----------34
表八、PriorityPollutnTTM / CLP Organic Soil (Quality Control Standards 345)，組成與濃度確認證書
Table 8 The certificate of PAHs Quality Control Standards ---------------41
表九、ASE-HPLC中ASE的萃取參數
Table 9 The parameters for ASE of ASE-HPLC ----------------------------47
表十、加速溶劑萃取連線高效率液相層析儀之界面單元設備零件
Table 10 The parts for the assembly of interface unite of ASE-HPLC system -------------------------------------------------------------------49
表十一、高效能液相層析儀層析梯度之條件
Table 11 Instrumental conditions of HPLC ----------------------------------52
表十二、偵測器波長設定之條件
Table 12 The conditions of detector and integrator -------------------------54
表十三、ASE連線HPLC與ASE未連線HPLC的PAH停滯時間再現性的比較
Table 13 Comparison of on-line ASE-HPLC-FLU and HPLC-FLU with off-line ASE for reproducibility of retention time of PAH -----------------------------------------------------------------------------65
表十四、自製標準土壤加入標準品及內標品之檢量線相關資料(ASE-HPLC-FLU)
Table 14 Regression data of calibration line for soil standard using ASE-HPLC-FLU --------------------------------------------------73
表十五、 自製標準土壤中添加的PAH以ASE-HPLC-FLU所得的方法偵測極限
Table 15 Detection limits with ASE-HPLC-FLU for soil sample --------74
表十六、PriorityPollutnTTM/CLP Organic soil QCS345 Of ERA 使用ASE-HPLC-FLU的分析結果
Table 16 The result from the determination of PriorityPollutnTTM/CLP Organic soil (QCS 345 of ERA) using ASE-HPLC-FLU------75
表十七、真實樣品測定結果
Table 17 the results from the determination of real sample ---------------80
表十八、高效能液相層析儀層析梯度之條件
Table 18 Instrumental conditions of HPLC ----------------------------------86
表十九、二十四種多苯環芳香烴化合物在高效能液相層析儀螢光偵測器之條件
Table 19 Fluorescence detection condition used for HPLC of 24 PAHs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------96
表二十、自製標準土壤加入標準品及內標品之檢量線相關資料(ASE-HPLC-FLU)
Table 20 Regression data of calibration line for soil standard using ASE-HPLC-FLU ---------------------------------------------------------109
表二十一、以ASE-HPLC-FLU測定PAH的停滯時間及再現性
Table 21 Reproducibility of retention time of PAH using ASE-HPLC-FLU ------------------------------------------------------------------110
表二十二、ASE-HPLC-FLU 中的偵測極限
Table 22 Detection limits with ASE-HPLC-FLU -------------------------111
表二十三、高雄三個工業區之真實樣品測定結果
Table 23 The results from the determination of real sample -------------115
圖目錄
圖一、二十四種PAH之結構圖
Figure 2 Structures for 24 PAH compounds  --------------------------------8
圖二、低分子量的有機物經聚合反應生成 PAH
Figure 2 Formation of aromatic ring structure from polyacetylene  ----13
圖三、熱解後熱合成生成PAH的步驟
Figure 3 Proposed stepwise pyrosynthesis of PAHs  ---------------------14
圖四、Benzo(a)pyrene 生成的步驟
Figure 4 Proposed stepwise synthesis of benzo(a)pyrene  --------------14
圖五、加速溶液萃取(ASE)裝置圖
Figure 5 Schematic of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) system -------
       ---------------------------------------------------------------------------21
圖六、加速溶液萃取裝置圖
Figure 6 Prototype ASE -------------------------------------------------------22
圖七、在萃取過程中所要考慮的因素
Figure 7 Factors to be considered in the extraction process --------------24
圖八、配製PAHs標準溶液一系列檢量線濃度之過程及內標準品之添加過程
Figure 8 Preparation of standards for PAH analysis ----------------------44
圖九、標準土壤製備流程圖
Figure 9 The flow chart for the preparation of soil standards -----------45
圖十、加速溶劑萃取連線高效率液相層析儀之裝置圖
Figure 10 Schematic of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) couple with performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ------------------48
圖十一、內標品(2-methylanthracene)之紫外-可見光光譜圖
Figure 11 UV-VIS spectra of standard solution for 2-methylanthracene----------------------------------------------------------------------------53
圖十二、內標品(2-methylanthracene)之螢光光譜圖
Figure 12 Fluorescence spectra of standard solution for 2-methylanthracene ----------------------------------------------------53
圖十三、標準溶液以高效率液相層析儀-紫外可見光偵測器所得之層析圖
Figure 13 Chromatogram of PAH standards using HPLC-UV-VIS ------55
圖十四、標準溶液以高效率液相層析儀-螢光偵測器所得之層析圖
Figure 14 Chromatogram of PAH standards using HPLC-FLU ----------56
圖十五、ASE-HPLC的操作流程
Figure 15 The flow chart for the operation step of ASE -------------------59
圖十六、加速溶液萃取(ASE)裝置圖
Figure 16 Schematic of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) system --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------60
圖十七、標準溶液PAH之層析圖(a)樣品以直接注入的方式用螢光來偵測(b)樣品是以ASE-HPLC-FLU的方式注入
Figure 17 Chromatogram of PAH standards (a) using HPLC-FLU with off-line ASE and (b) using on-line ASE-HPLC-FLU ----------64
圖十八、自製標準土壤加入PAH標準品及內標品以ASE-HPLC-FLU所得之層析圖
Figure 18 Chromatogram of PAH standards using ASE-HPLC-FLU-----
          -----------------------------------------------------------------------67
圖十九、自製標準土壤加入PAH標準品及內標品以ASE-HPLC-FLU所得之檢量線
Figure 19 Calibration lines of PAH standards using ASE-HPLC-FLU-------------------------------------------------------------------------------68
圖二十、PriorityPollutnTTM / CLP Organic Soil (Quality Control Standards 345) 有機土壤以ASE-HPLC-FLU所得之層析圖
Figure 20 Chromatogram of PriorityPollutnTTM / CLP Organic Soil (Quality Control Standards 345)using ASE-HPLC-FLU ------76
圖二十一、真實樣品永和市之土壤以ASE-HPLC-FLU所得之層析圖
Figure 21 Chromatogram of real sample (Yung Ho city) using ASE-HPLC-FLU ---------------------------------------------------------78
圖二十二、真實樣品士林區之土壤以ASE-HPLC-FLU所得之層析圖
Figure 22 Chromatogram of real sample (Shih Lin) using ASE-HPLC-FLU ------------------------------------------------------------------79
圖二十三、1-methylnaphthalene之(a)紫外-可見光光譜圖(b)螢光光譜圖
Figure 23 (a) UV-VIS spectra and (b) Fluorescence spectra of standard solution for 1-methylnaphthalene -------------------------------87
圖二十四、2-Methylnaphthalene之(a)紫外-可見光光譜圖(b)螢光光譜圖
Figure 24 (a) UV-VIS spectra and (b) Fluorescence spectra of standard solution for 2-Methylnaphthalene -------------------------------88
圖二十五、1,8-Dimethylnaphthalene之(a)紫外-可見光光譜圖(b)螢光光譜圖
Figure 25 (a) UV-VIS spectra and (b) Fluorescence spectra of standard solution for 1,8-Dimethylnaphthalene --------------------------89
圖二十六、2,3-Dimethylnaphthalene之(a)紫外-可見光光譜圖(b)螢光光譜圖
Figure 26 (a) UV-VIS spectra and (b) Fluorescence spectra of standard solution for 2,3-Dimethylnaphthalene ----------------------------90
圖二十七、2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene之(a)紫外-可見光光譜圖(b)螢光光譜圖
Figure 27 (a) UV-VIS spectra and (b) Fluorescence spectra of standard solution for 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene --------------------------91
圖二十八、1-Methylphenanthrene之(a)紫外-可見光光譜圖(b)螢光光譜圖
Figure 28 (a) UV-VIS spectra and (b) Fluorescence spectra of standard solution for 1-Methylphenanthrene -----------------------------92
圖二十九、2-Methylphenanthrene之(a)紫外-可見光光譜圖(b)螢光光譜圖
Figure 29 (a) UV-VIS spectra and (b) Fluorescence spectra of standard solution for 2-Methylphenanthrene -----------------------------93
圖三十、2-Methylanthracene之(a)紫外-可見光光譜圖(b)螢光光譜圖
Figure 30 (a) UV-VIS spectra and (b) Fluorescence spectra of standard solution for 2-Methylanthracene ----------------------------------94
圖三十一、內標品2,3-Benzofluorene之(a)紫外-可見光光譜圖(b)螢光光譜圖
Figure 31 (a) UV-VIS spectra and (b) Fluorescence spectra of standard solution for 2,3-Benzofluorene ----------------------------------95
圖三十二、標準溶液以高效率液相層析儀-紫外可見光偵測器所得之層析圖
Figure 32 Chromatogram of PAH standards using HPLC-UV-VIS -----99
圖三十三、標準溶液以高效率液相層析儀-螢光偵測器所得之層析圖
Figure 33 Chromatogram of PAH standards using HPLC-FLU ---------100
圖三十四、自製標準土壤加入PAH標準品及內標品以ASE-HPLC-FLU所得之層析圖
Figure 34 Chromatogram of PAH standards using ASE-HPLC-FLU ------
         ----------------------------------------------------------------------101
圖三十五、自製標準土壤加入PAHs 標準溶液及內標準品以ASE-HPLC-FLU偵測所得之檢量線
Figure 35 Calibration line with internal stanard using ASE-HPLC-FLU -------------------------------------------------------------------------102
圖三十六、真實樣品仁武工業區之土壤以ASE-HPLC-FLU所得之層析圖
Figure 36 Chromatogram of real sample using ASE-HPLC-FLU -----112
圖三十七、真實樣品大社工業區之土壤以ASE-HPLC-FLU所得之層析圖
Figure 37 Chromatogram of real sample using ASE-HPLC-FLU ------113
圖三十八、真實樣品林園工業區之土壤以ASE-HPLC-FLU所得之層析圖
Figure 38 Chromatogram of real sample using ASE-HPLC-FLU ------114

                                

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