本研究旨在了解目前新北市某行政區國小六年級學生之身體意象與體重控制行為現況，及探討身體意象與體重控制行為之間的關係。以106學年度就讀於新北市某行政區國小六年級全數學生為研究母群體，採用多階段分層叢集隨機抽樣法共抽樣出14班級，有效問卷為272份，以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析和複迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。歸納結果如下：
一、本研究對象中自覺體位過輕者比實際體位過輕者少13人（4.8%），自覺體位過重及超重者比實際體位過重及超重者多7人（0.5%）。
二、研究對象的身體意象和飲食行為都是屬於中等偏上程度，3種強度的身體活動幾乎都有參與。
三、研究對象之身體意象以女生優於男生，實際體位適中者優於實際體位超重者，自覺體位適中者優於自覺體位超重者。
四、研究對象之飲食行為以實際體位適中者優於實際體位過輕者；研究對象之身體活動以男生優於女生。
五、研究對象之「自覺體位」與飲食行為呈現顯著負相關；「外表評價及取向」、「身體各部位滿意度」和身體意象整體與飲食行為皆呈現顯著正相關；研究對象之「性別」、「實際體位」和「自覺體位」與身體活動呈現顯著負相關。
六、研究對象之「性別」、「實際體位」和「自覺體位」與體重控制行為呈現顯著負相關；「身體各部位滿意度」與體重控制行為呈現顯著正相關。
七、研究對象之「外表評價及取向」和「身體各部位滿意度」能有效預測其飲食行為，並可解釋飲食行為總變異量的12%。「性別」能有效預測其身體活動，並可解釋身體活動總變異量的8%。「性別」能有效預測其體重控制行為，並可解釋體重控制行為總變異量的10%。

The purpose of this study is to understand the present state of body image and weight control behavior and to explore the relationship between body image and weight control behavior among sixth grade elementary school students in one district of New Taipei City. The study objects were all sixth grade elementary school students enrolled in 1st semester of 2017. A total of 14 classes were sampled by multistage stratified cluster random sampling and 272 valid questionnaires were collected. Statistical analysis were performed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results are summarized as follows:
1. The objects of study who believed themselves underweight were thirteen students（4.8%）less than those who were actually underweight. The objects of study who believed themselves overweight and obesity were seven students（0.5%）more than those who were actually overweight and obesity.
2. The body image and the dietary behaviors of the study objects were above middle to positive. Almost all objects engaged in three kinds of intensity of physical activity.
3. Girls had better body image than boys. The objects of study who had actually normal weight had better body image than those who had actually obesity. The objects of study who believed themselves normal weight had better body image than those who believed themselves obesity.
4. The objects of study who had actually normal weight had better dietary behavior than those who had actually underweight. Boys had better physical activity than girls.
5. Dietary behavior had significant negative correlation with "weight consciousness". Dietary behavior had significant positive correlation with "appearance assessment and orientation", "body satisfaction" and body image. Physical activity had significant negative correlation with "gender", "actual weight" and "weight consciousness".
6. Weight control behavior had significant negative correlation with "gender", "actual weight" and "weight consciousness". Weight control behavior had significant positive correlation with " body satisfaction ".
7. "Appearance assessment and orientation" and "body satisfaction" could effectively predict on dietary behavior. They explained 12% of the total variance on dietary behavior. "Gender" could effectively predict on physical activity. It explained 8% of the total variance on physical activity. "Gender" could effectively predict on weight control behavior. It explained 10% of the total variance on weight control behavior.

一、中文文獻
文星蘭（2004）。高中職學生身體意象與減重意圖之研究。國立台北護理學院醫護教育研究所碩士論文，臺北市。
石明英、久保千春（2013）。臺灣青少年體型喜好與身體滿意度之性別差異研究。教育與多元文化研究，8，105-133。
石欣蓓（2011）。影響國小高年級學童身體活動與身體意象之相關研究－以臺北市某行政區為例。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系在職進修碩士班學位論文，臺北市。
吳美宜、洪華君、陳政友（2011）。大學生體重控制知識、態度、行爲相關因素之研究－以聖約翰科技大學一年級學生爲例。學校衛生，58，1-26。
吳源美（2010）。桃園縣某國中學生飲食行為及其相關因素之研究。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系碩士論文，臺北市。
李城忠、陳瑩如（2012）。國小高年級學童運動參與對身體意象和自尊之關係研究。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，11（2），137-147。
李麗惠（2011）。國小高年級學生身體意象與飲食行為之相關因素研究－以臺北市北投區國小為例。臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系碩士論文，臺北市。
林生傳（2005）。教育社會學。臺北市：巨流圖書公司。
林作慶、張志銘、許弘毅、賴永成（2012）。大學女學生身體意象與運動行為相關之研究—以大葉大學為例。運動與遊憩研究，7（2），18-29。
施秀如（2009）。臺中縣立某國中學生身體意象與體重控制行為之研究。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系在職進修碩士論文，臺北市。
柯瑜媛（2011）。我家也有維尼熊！漫談兒童肥胖及成年後血管疾病的相關性。血管醫學防治季刊，5，11-13。
柯澍馨、吳佩怡（2010）。大學舞蹈系學生身體意象與飲食行為。運動研究，19（1），105-118。
教育部（1999）。九十二年度學校實施「學生體重控制計畫」。臺北市：教育部。
張春興（2006）。張氏心理學辭典。臺北市：東華書局。
張維揚（2003）。北區某醫學院校學生身體意象對減重意圖之影響及其相關因素之探討。臺北醫學大學醫學研究所碩士論文，臺北市。
張靜惠、黃娟娟（2016）。青少年身體意象與身體活動量之相關研究－以桃園某所國中為例。靜宜體育，10，1-14。
陳怡雯（2014）。臺中市西屯區三所國中生的身體意象與飲食行為。臺北醫學大學保健營養學研究所學位論文，臺北市。
陳忠勝（2006）。青少年身體活動量與身體意象的關聯及其性別差異。國立臺灣師範大學體育學系在職進修碩士班學位論文，臺北市。
陳俊民（2015）。青少年二維「身體意象量表」的編製。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，14（3），46-56。
陳美華（2016）。體重差異、身體意象關注與自尊的關係：體育課類型及性別的調節作用。臺灣運動心理學報，16（2），1-20。
陳環辰（2012）。國中女生身體意象與體重控制自我效能對體重控制行為意圖影響之研究－以嘉義市某國中為例。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系碩士論文，臺北市。
陳麗系（2010）。成人健康護理之心理層面。載於劉雪娥（總校閱），新成人內外科護理（五版，上冊，頁205-206）。臺北市：華杏出版公司。
傅安弘、簡嘉靜（2012）。分析小學高年級生健康行為現況與影響健康狀況之因素。學校衛生，61，1-28。
黃珮嘉、吳筱瑩、張秦松、李國鼎、曾美智、陳秋盈…吳至行（2013）。體重管理門診初診患者的飲食異常行為之盛行率及相關危險因子。台灣家庭醫學雜誌，23（4），189-202。
黃琇瑩、葉素汝、楊文慧（2014）。大學生的身體質量指數、身體形象、減重意圖與運動行為之研究。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，13（1），1-12。
童鈺雯（2016）。臺北市國小高年級學童飲食行為及其相關因素之研究。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系碩士論文，臺北市。
詹棟樑（2006）。青少年發展與輔導。臺北：師大書苑。
楊嘉惠、林耀豐（2011）。不同性別其身體意象差異性之探討。屏東教大體育，14，162-171。
廖倩誼（2011）。臺北市國小高年級學童體重控制行為相關因素之研究。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系博士論文，臺北市。
廖彬如（2010）。臺灣地區國小六年級學童體型意識、飲食行為及相關因素之研究。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系在職進修碩士班學位論文，臺北市。
鄭伊君（2016）。新北市某高中學生身體意象與體重控制行為之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系碩士論文，臺北市。
蔡杏汶（2007）。國中生身體意象與體重控制行為之研究－以高雄縣某完全中學國中部為例。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文，臺北市。
劉影梅、陳美燕、蔣立琦、簡莉盈、張博論、洪永泰（2007）。促進學生健康體位之全國性整合計畫經驗。護理雜誌，54（5），30-36。
謝偉雄（2010）。探討大專生身體質量指數、自尊、身體意象、社會影響因素與運動行為之相關研究。雲科大體育，12，99-110。
顏美智、黃德祥（2009）。高中職學生個人特質、社會因素與身體意象之相關研究。人文暨社會科學期刊，5（2），1-16。
藺寶珍（1996）。肥胖國中生的體重控制行為及其相關因素。私立高雄醫學院護理研究所碩士論文，高雄市。
二、英文文獻
Alipour, B., Abbasalizad Farhangi, M., Dehghan, P., & Alipour, M. （2015）. Body image perception and its association with body mass index and nutrient intakes among female college students aged 18-35 years from Tabriz, Iran. Eat Weight Disord, 20（4）, 465-471.
Allen, D., Belcher, H. M., Young, A., Gibson, L. W., Colantuoni, E., & Trent, M. （2016）. BMI, Body Image, Emotional Well-Being and Weight-Control Behaviors in Urban African American Adolescents. International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition, 5（3）, 55-104.
Andreyeva, T., Long, M. W., Henderson, K. E., & Grode, G. M. （2010）. Trying to lose weight: diet strategies among Americans with overweight or obesity in 1996 and 2003. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110（4）, 535-542.
Banfield, S. S., & McCabe, M. P. （2002）. An evaluation of the construct of body image. Adolescence, 37 （146）, 373-393.
Barry, A. E., Whiteman, S., Piazza-Gardner, A. K., & Jensen, A. C. （2013）. Gender differences in the associations among body mass index, weight loss, exercise, and drinking among college students. Journal of American College Health, 61（7）, 407-413.
Bhurtun, D. D., & Jeewon, R. （2013）. Body Weight Perception and Weight Control Practices among Teenagers. ISRN Nutrition, 2013, 395125.
Bibiloni Mdel, M., Pich, J., Cordova, A., Pons, A., & Tur, J. A. （2012）. Association between sedentary behaviour and socioeconomic factors, diet and lifestyle among the Balearic Islands adolescents. BMC Public Health, 12, 718.
Cash, T. F., & Pruzinsky, T. （Eds.） （1990）. Body image development deviance and change. New York：Guilford, Inc.
Chang, C. J., Jian, D. Y., Lin, M. W., Zhao, J. Z., Ho, L. T., & Juan, C. C. （2015）. Evidence in obese children: contribution of hyperlipidemia, obesity-inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. PLoS One, 10（5）, e0125935.
Chen, L. J., Fox, K. R., & Haase, A. M. （2008）. Body shape dissatisfaction and obesity among Taiwanese adolescents. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 17（3）, 457-460.
Costa Lda, C., Silva, D. A., Alvarenga Mdos, S., & de Vasconcelos Fde, A. （2016）. Association between body image dissatisfaction and obesity among schoolchildren aged 7-10years. Physiology & Behavior, 160, 6-11.
Davila, E. P., Kolodziejczyk, J. K., Norman, G. J., Calfas, K., Huang, J. S., Rock, C. L., . . . Patrick, K. （2014）. Relationships between depression, gender, and unhealthy weight loss practices among overweight or obese college students. Eating Behaviors, 15（2）, 271-274.
Deleel, M. L., Hughes, T. L., Miller, J. A., Hipwell, A., & Theodore, L. A. （2009）. Prevalence of eating disturbance and body image dissatisfaction in young girls: an examination of the variance across racial and socioeconomic groups. Psychology in the Schools, 46（8）, 767-775.
Dion, J., Hains, J., Vachon, P., Plouffe, J., Laberge, L., Perron, M., . . . Leone, M. （2016）. Correlates of Body Dissatisfaction in Children. Journal of Pediatrics, 171, 202-207.
Duchin, O., Mora-Plazas, M., Marin, C., de Leon, C. M., Lee, J. M., Baylin, A., & Villamor, E. （2014）. BMI and sociodemographic correlates of body image perception and attitudes in school-aged children. Public Health Nutrition, 17（10）, 2216-2225.
Elinder, L. S., Heinemans, N., Zeebari, Z., & Patterson, E. （2014）. Longitudinal changes in health behaviours and body weight among Swedish school children--associations with age, gender and parental education--the SCIP school cohort. BMC Public Health, 14, 640.
Felden, E. P., Claumann, G. S., Sacomori, C., Daronco, L. S., Cardoso, F. L., & Pelegrini, A. （2015）. Sociodemographic factors and body image among high school students. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 20（11）, 3329-3337.
Ferrar, K., & Golley, R. （2015）. Adolescent diet and time use clusters and associations with overweight and obesity and socioeconomic position. Health Education & Behavior, 42（3）, 361-369.
Finato, S., Rech, R. R., Migon, P., Gavineski, I. C., Toni, V., & Halpern, R. （2013）. Body image insatisfaction in students from the sixth grade of public schools in Caxias do Sul, Southern Brazil. Revista Paulista De Pediatria, 31（1）, 65-70.
Fortes Lde, S., Amaral, A. C., Almeida Sde, S., & Ferreira, M. E. （2013）. Effects of psychological, morphological and sociodemographic variables on adolescents' eating behavior. Revista Paulista De Pediatria, 31（2）, 182-188.
Fu, L., Wang, H., Sun, L., Yang, Y., Li, X., Wang, S., . . . Ma, J. （2015）. Analysis on influence factors of body image dissatisfaction among children and adolescents with normal weight. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi, 49（5）, 411-418.
Gates, A., Hanning, R. M., Martin, I. D., Gates, M., & Tsuji, L. J. （2014）. Body weight perceptions and eating-related weight control behaviors of on-reserve First Nations youth from Ontario, Canada. Rural and Remote Health, 14（3）, 2665.
Goldfield, G. S., Moore, C., Henderson, K., Buchholz, A., Obeid, N., & Flament, M. F. （2010）. Body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, depression, and weight status in adolescents. Journal of School Health, 80（4）, 186-192.
Gonsalves, D., Hawk, H., & Goodenow, C. （2014）. Unhealthy weight control behaviors and related risk factors in Massachusetts middle and high school students. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18（8）, 1803-1813.
Hsu, Y. W., Liou, T. H., Liou, Y. M., Chen, H. J., & Chien, L. Y. （2016）. Measurements and profiles of body weight misperceptions among Taiwanese teenagers: a national survey. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 25（1）, 108-117.
Jain, P., Rostbjerg, A. S., Haase, C. L., & Rhee, N. A. （2016）. Weight loss experiences and willingness to intervention with pharmacotherapy among obese and very obese Danish people. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 44（3）, 201-207.
Joh, H. K., Oh, J., Lee, H. J., & Kawachi, I. （2013）. Gender and socioeconomic status in relation to weight perception and weight control behavior in Korean adults. Obesity Facts, 6（1）, 17-27.
Kantanista, A., Krol-Zielinska, M., Borowiec, J., & Osinski, W. （2017）. Is Underweight Associated with more Positive Body Image? Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in Adolescent Girls and Boys. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 20, E8.
Krejcie, R. N. & Morgan, D. W. （1970）. Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 608.
Kruger, J., Galuska, D. A., Serdula, M. K., & Jones, D. A. （2004）. Attempting to lose weight: specific practices among U.S. adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 26（5）, 402-406.
Kuczmarski, R. J., Flegal, K. M., Campbell, S. M. & Johnson, C. L. （1994）. Increasing the prevalence of overweight among U.S. adults. Journal of American Medical Association, 272, 205-211.
Lampard, A. M., Maclehose, R. F., Eisenberg, M. E., Larson, N. I., Davison, K. K., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. （2016）. Adolescents who engage exclusively in healthy weight control behaviors: Who are they? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 13, 5.
Lee, K. M., Seo, M. S., Shim, J. Y., & Lee, Y. J. （2015）. Body weight status misperception and its association with weight control behaviours, depressive mood and psychological distress in nulliparous normal-weight young women. Annals of Human Biology, 42（6）, 528-532.
Levy, A. S., & Heaton, A. W. （1993）. Weight control practices of U.S. adults trying to lose weight. Annals of Internal Medicine, 119 （7 pt2）, 661-666.
Makinen, M., Puukko-Viertomies, L. R., Lindberg, N., Siimes, M. A., & Aalberg, V. （2012）. Body dissatisfaction and body mass in girls and boys transitioning from early to mid-adolescence: additional role of self-esteem and eating habits. BMC Psychiatry, 12, 35.
Martini, M. C., Assumpcao, D., Barros, M. B., Canesqui, A. M., & Barros Ade, A. F. （2016）. Are normal-weight adolescents satisfied with their weight? Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 134（3）, 219-227.
Mayer-Brown, S., Lawless, C., Fedele, D., Dumont-Driscoll, M., & Janicke, D. M. （2016）. The effects of media, self-esteem, and BMI on youth's unhealthy weight control behaviors. Eating Behaviors, 21, 59-65.
McHiza, Z. J., Parker, W. A., Makoae, M., Sewpaul, R., Kupamupindi, T., & Labadarios, D. （2015）. Body image and weight control in South Africans 15 years or older: SANHANES-1. BMC Public Health, 15, 992.
Miqueleiz, E., Lostao, L., Ortega, P., Santos, J. M., Astasio, P., & Regidor, E. （2014）. Socioeconomic pattern in unhealthy diet in children and adolescents in Spain. Atencion Primaria, 46（8）, 433-439.
Neighbors, L. A., & Sobal, J. （2007）. Prevalence and magnitude of body weight and shape dissatisfaction among university students. Eating Behaviors, 8（4）, 429-439.
Pelegrini, A., Coqueiro Rda, S., Beck, C. C., Ghedin, K. D., Lopes Ada, S., & Petroski, E. L. （2014）. Dissatisfaction with body image among adolescent students: association with socio-demographic factors and nutritional status. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 19（4）, 1201-1208.
Pich, J., Bibiloni Mdel, M., Pons, A., & Tur, J. A. （2015）. Weight Self-Regulation Process in Adolescence: The Relationship between Control Weight Attitudes, Behaviors, and Body Weight Status. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2, 14.
Ramos Valverde, P., Rivera de Los Santos, F., & Moreno Rodriguez, C. （2010）. Sex differences in body image, weight control and Body Mass Index of Spanish adolescents. Psicothema, 22（1）, 77-83.
Schilder, P. （1950）. The image and appearance of the human body：Study in the constructive energies of the psyche. New York：International universities.
Schneider, S., Weiss, M., Thiel, A., Werner, A., Mayer, J., Hoffmann, H., & Diehl, K. （2013）. Body dissatisfaction in female adolescents: extent and correlates. European Journal of Pediatrics, 172（3）, 373-384.
Shevchenko, Y., Vesnina, L., & Kaydashev, I. （2015）. Features of eating behavior in persons with normal and increased body weight. Fiziolohichnyi Zhurnal, 61（3）, 51-58.
Slade, P. D. （1994）. What is body image. Behavior Research and Therapy, 32 （5）, 497-502.
Tate, N. H., Dillaway, H. E., Yarandi, H. N., Jones, L. M., & Wilson, F. L. （2015）. An examination of eating behaviors, physical activity, and obesity in african american adolescents: gender, socioeconomic status, and residential status differences. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 29（3）, 243-254.
Thompson, J. K. （1990）. Body image disturbance: Assessment and treatment. New York：Pergamon Press.
Tshililo, R. A., Netshikweta, L. M., Tshitangano, G. T., & Nemathaga, H. L. （2016）. Factors influencing weight control practices amongst the adolescent girls in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 8（2）, e1-4.
Utter, J., Denny, S., Dixon, R., Ameratunga, S., & Teevale, T. （2013）. Family support and weight-loss strategies among adolescents reporting sustained weight loss. Public Health Nutrition, 16（3）, 499-504.
Voelker, D. K., Reel, J. J., & Greenleaf, C. （2015）. Weight status and body image perceptions in adolescents: current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 6, 149-158.
von Lengerke, T., & Mielck, A. （2012）. Body weight dissatisfaction by socioeconomic status among obese, preobese and normal weight women and men: results of the cross-sectional KORA Augsburg S4 population survey. BMC Public Health, 12, 342.
Wang, Y., Liang, H., & Chen, X. （2009）. Measured body mass index, body weight perception, dissatisfaction and control practices in urban, low-income African American adolescents. BMC Public Health, 9, 183.
Williams, R. L., Wood, L. G., Collins, C. E., & Callister, R. （2015）. Effectiveness of weight loss interventions--is there a difference between men and women: a systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 16（2）, 171-186.