歷年來世界各國為使選手能增加運動表現而取得勝利，開發各種新式肌力及爆發力訓練法以提升競爭力。研究目的：開發更強力快速或發現更符合動作特殊性的訓練方式，使台灣選手具有與強壯高大的外國選手對抗的能力。研究方法：以動力學分析各種動作影響爆發力訓練效果的參數，依不同運動項目與肌群的動作特殊性，提出適用的爆發力訓練建議。本研究分析的6種動作分別為1.漸進式、2.彈震式、3.初動負荷、4.主動增強式、5.被動增強式與6.瞬間變速訓練。實驗參與者: 16名大學田徑隊短距離與跳躍選手，使用相同重訓器械與負荷測試六種訓練動作。統計以相依樣本T-test分析六種動作動力學參數的差異，並以皮爾遜績差相關分析選手水準與動作表現的關係。取樣分為動作全程與啟動後0.1秒兩個分期，參數皆為:力量、發力率、加速度、速度與功率。顯著水準p<.01。結果：瞬間變速訓練動作在: 全程與0.1秒間的力量、發力率、加速度、功率，以及啟動後0.1秒速度共9項參數顯著高於其他動作，初動負荷動作在啟動後0.1秒間的所有項目顯著高於另外四種練動作。負荷物往離心方向的最大速度與動作表現具有相關，向心收縮全程與0.1秒間的力量、發力率、加速度、功率，以及啟動後0.1秒速度共9項參數皆與離心期最大速度呈現高度相關。水準越高的選手，使用瞬間變速訓練後的提升率越高，且屈髖肌群與短跑100M成績有顯著的相關性。結論：瞬間變速訓練可大幅提升屈髖肌群動作表現；對負荷物往離心方向增速，亦可提升肌肉工作能力；高水準的選手更適合使用瞬間變速訓練進一步激發潛能。

More and more researchers had developed various kinds of new strength training methods to improve performance. This study aimed to develop a specific training method for athletes which can improve power, speed and meet the specific requirement of athletic movement. The purpose of this study was to compare kinetic differences related to explosive power in various training methods, and provide training recommendations for different competitions. The training methods are Slower Ramp Movements, Ballistic, Beginning Movement Load, Active Plyometric, Passive Plyometric and Instantaneous Change Speed training (ICS). In this study, 16 male sprinters and jumpers of the college team used the same weight training equipment and load to implement above 6 training methods. Paired sample T-test was used to analyze the difference of kinetic parameters among the 6 methods. Then the correlation of kinetic parameters and performance was determined using Pearson’s product-moment correlation. Data collection consisted of two stages: full movement and beginning 0.1 second. The parameters are Fmax, RFD, acceleration, velocity and power. Significant level was p<.01. Most of the parameters of ICS are significantly higher than other methods. And most of the parameters of Beginning Movement Load are significantly higher than other four methods. The maximal speed of the eccentric contraction is significantly related to performance. Most of parameters are significantly correlated to the maximum speed of the eccentric contraction. Better athletes can enhance more performance by ICS, and significant correlation was found between hip flexor muscles strength and 100M performance. The conclusion is that ICS can dramatically enhance contraction performance of hip flexor muscles, increase the speed of the load to the eccentric direction and enhance muscle capacity. The ICS method are more suitable for elite athletes to enhance sport performance.

一、中文部份
王翔星、相子元、陳全壽（2008）。力量漸增式、彈震式與功能性等長式阻力訓練法之運動學與動力學比較。大專體育學刊，10(4)，47-57。
李士正（2011）。瞬間變速訓練對棒球選手投球球速與上肢肌力之影響。臺灣師範大學體育學系碩士論文。
林季嬋、吳慧君（2009）。核心肌力訓練對運動表現之探討。文化體育學刊，8，23-30。
林國華（2007）。動態轉動慣量球棒對揮棒之影響。國立臺北教育大學體育學系碩士論文。
洪彰岑、林俊宏、劉宇（2002）。跆拳道後踢動作之運動學分析。體育學報，33，99-111。
張佳玲、張瀞文、吳慧君（2008）。抗力球肌力訓練與器械式阻力訓練對大學生核心肌肉適能之比較研究。運動生理暨體能學報，7，41-50。
張家瑋（2012)。瞬間變速訓練對30公尺衝刺速度之影響。臺灣師範大學運動競技學系碩士論文。
陳全壽（1993）。速度、肌力、耐力的生理特性及訓練法。1993年國際運動訓練科學研討會論文集，13-34。台中市：國立台灣體育專科學校。
陳全壽（1998）。陳式反覆衝擊式肌力增強器對肌力、動力訓練效果之探討。1998年國際大專運動教練研討會報告書，105-117。台北市：中華民國大專院校體育總會。
陳松、馬啟偉（1994）。動作速度定量控制發展肌肉速度力量的理論與方法。北京體育大學學報，17(2)，78-90。
陳優華、林澤民、李建明、周資眾（2010）。強化橄欖球正集團核心肌群的理論與方法。屏東教大體育，13，34-40。
葉益銘、黃士魁、林正仰（2009）。六週抗力球訓練對棒球選手核心肌群與專項運動能力之影響。運動教練科學，16，15-28。
廖文男、林啟川、高英傑（2003）。棒球投手球路與速度之分析-以2001年世界盃成棒賽為例。北體學報，11，87-98。
蔡意雯、劉強（2008）。增菘瑋投手投不同球種之運動學分析。運動教練科學，11，41-51。
錢鋒（2001）。后蹬跑练习对100M跑技术的负面效用。首都體育學院學報，13(1)。
二、日文部分
久野譜也、麻場一徳、加藤謙一、衣笠竜太（2001）。日本のトップスプリンターの大腰筋横断面積と疾走速度との関係。Proceedings of the Congress of the Japanese Society of Physical Education，52，312。
久野譜也、金俊東、衣笠竜太（2001）。体幹深部筋である大腰筋と疾走能力との関係 (特集 スポーツにおける体幹の働き)。Journal of health, 51(6), 428-432。
小山裕史（1999）。初動負荷理論による野球トレーニング革命。ﾍﾞｰｽﾎﾞｰﾙﾏｶﾞｼﾞﾝ社。
小山裕史（2001）。初動負荷トレーニング。The Journal of clinical sports medicine，18，385-390。
北田耕司、岩竹淳、田巻弘之、藤本敏彦、桐本光（2005）。初動負荷トレーニングにおける負荷重量の検討。体力科學，54（6），636。
民内利昭、廣橋義敬、田島行夫（2002）。初動負荷理論を用いた陸上競技トレーニングを実施した生徒へのアンケートの追試。日本体育学会大会号，53，519。
吉田雅司、藤森健、小山裕史、鈴木秀次（2003）。初動負荷動作のパワー発揮特性（トレーニング）。体力科學，52（6），746。
衣笠竜太、加藤謙一、麻場一徳、久野譜也（2001）。日本のトップスプリンターの大腰筋横断面積と疾走速度との関係。Proceedings of the Congress of the Japanese Society of Physical Education，52，312。
阿部純也、松本希、宮本賢作、山田英司、田中聰、山神眞一、三宅信一郎（1999）。実業団野球選手の初動負荷法によるトレーニング効果について。体力科學，48（6），818。
鈴木秀次、藤森健、吉田雅司、小山裕史（2005）。初動負荷トレーニング動作のバイオメカニクスと神経筋制御。バイオメカニクス研究，9，26-33。
藤森健、吉田雅司、小山裕史、鈴木秀次（2003）。初動負荷動作のパワー発揮とその神経筋制御。体力科學，52（6），749。
三、英文部份
Aagaard, P., Andersen, J. L., Dyhre-Poulsen, P., Leffers, A.-M., Wagner, A., Magnusson, S. P.…, Simonsen, E. B. (2001). A mechanism for increased contractile strength of human pennate muscle in response to strength training: changes in muscle architecture. The Journal of Physiology, 534(2), 613-623. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00613.x
Behm, D. G., & Sale, D. G. (1993). Velocity specificity of resistance training. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 15(6), 374-388.
Bompa, T. O. (1999). Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Bosco, C., Tihanyi, J., Komi, P. V., Fekete, G., & Apor, P. (1982). Store and recoil of elastic energy in slow and fast types of human skeletal muscles. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 116(4), 343-349. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1982.tb07152.x
Carter, R. R., Crago, P. E., & Keith, M. W. (1990). Stiffness regulation by reflex action in the normal human hand. Journal of Neurophysiology, 64(1), 105-118.
Caserotti, P., Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., & Puggaard, L. (2001). Contraction-specific differences in maximal muscle power during stretch-shortening cycle movements in elderly males and females. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 84(3), 206-212. doi: 10.1007/s004210170006
Chu, D. A. (1996). Explosive Power & Strength: Complex Training for Maximum Results. Human Kinetics.
Cronin, J., McNair, P. J., & Marshall, R. N. (2001). Developing explosive power: A comparison of technique and training. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 4(1), 59-70. doi: 10.1016/s1440-2440(01)80008-6
Gossen, E. R., & Sale, D. G. (2000). Effect of postactivation potentiation on dynamic knee extension performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 83(6), 524-530. doi: 10.1007/s004210000304
Grimby, L., & Hannerz, J. (1977). Firing rate and recruitment order of toe extensor motor units in different modes of voluntary conraction. The Journal of Physiology, 264(3), 865-879.
HÄkkinen, K., & Komi, P. (1986). Training-induced changes in neuromuscular performance under voluntary and reflex conditions. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 55(2), 147-155. doi: 10.1007/bf00714997
HÄKkinen, K., AlÉN, M., & Komi, P. V. (1985). Changes in isometric force- and relaxation-time, electromyographic and muscle fibre characteristics of human skeletal muscle during strength training and detraining. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 125(4), 573-585. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1985.tb07759.x
Hamada, T., Sale, D. G., MacDougall, J. D., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2000). Postactivation potentiation, fiber type, and twitch contraction time in human knee extensor muscles. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88(6), 2131-2137.
Hammet, J. B., & HEY, W. T. (2003). Neuromuscular Adaptation to Short-Term (4 Weeks) Ballistic Training in Trained High School Athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 17(3), 556-560.
Hedrick, A. (2000). Training the Trunk for Improved Athletic Performance. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 22(3), 50.
Hill, A. V. (1938). The Heat of Shortening and the Dynamic Constants of Muscle. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences, 126(843), 136-195. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1938.0050
Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Cooper, J. J., Kang, J., Chalikos, A., & FAIGENBAUM, A. D. (2005). Comparison of Loaded and Unloaded Jump Squat Training on Strength/Power Performance in College Football Players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 19(4), 810-815.
Hunter, D. G., & Spriggs, J. (2000). Investigation into the relationship between the passive flexibility and active stiffness of the ankle plantar-flexor muscles. Clinical Biomechanics, 15(8), 600-606. doi: 10.1016/s0268-0033(00)00017-6
Kanehisa, H., & Miyashita, M. (1983). Specificity of velocity in strength training. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 52(1), 104-106. doi: 10.1007/bf00429034
Kibler, M. (1998). The Role of the Scapula in Athletic Shoulder Function. The American Journal of Sport Medicine, 26 (2), 325-337
Komi, P. V. (2000). Stretch-shortening cycle: a powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle. Journal of Biomechanics, 33(10), 1197-1206. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00064-6
Kyröläinen, H., & Komi, P. V. (1995). The function of neuromuscular system in maximal stretch-shortening cycle exercises: Comparison between power- and endurance-trained athletes. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 5(1), 15-25. doi: 10.1016/s1050-6411(99)80002-9
Mangine, G. T., Ratamess, N. A., Hoffman, J. R., Faigenbaum, A. D., Kang, J., & Chilakos, A. (2008). The Effects of Combined Ballistic and Heavy Resistance Training on Maximal Lower- and Upper-Body Strength in Recreationally Trained Men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(1), 132-139 110.1519/JSC.1510b1013e31815f35729.
Nadler, S. F., Malanga, G. A., Feinberg, J. H., Rubanni, M., Moley, P., & Foye, P. (2002). Functional Performance Deficits in Athletes with Previous Lower Extremity Injury. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 12(2), 73-78.
Newton, R. U., Murphy, A. J., Humphries, B. J., Wilson, G. J., Kraemer, W. J., & Häkkinen, K. (1997). Influence of load and stretch shortening cycle on the kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation that occurs during explosive upper-body movements. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 75(4), 333-342. doi: 10.1007/s004210050169
Nilsson, J., Tesch, P., & Thorstensson, A. (1977). Fatigue and EMG of Repeated Fast Voluntary Contractions in Man. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 101(2), 194-198. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb05998.x
Sale, D. G. (1988). Neural adaptation to resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 20(5 Suppl), S135-145.
Scott, S. L., & Docherty, D. (2004). Acute Effects of Heavy Preloading on Vertical and Horizontal Jump Performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 18(2), 201-205.
Tidow. G. Wiemann, K. (1993). Zur Interpretetion und Veränderbarkeit von Kraft-Zeit-Kurven bei Explosiv-ballistischen Krafteinsätzen. Teil II: In: Deutsche Zeitschrift Für Sportmedizin, 44(4), 136.
Verkhoshansky, Y. (1986). Speed-strength preparation and development of strength endurance of athletes in various specializations. Soviet Sports Review, 22, 120–124,