目的： 本研究之主要目的為： (一) 探討中等強度急性阻力運動對老年與年輕男性執行功能的影響，並觀察年齡是否影響急性阻力運動對執行功能的效果； (二) 探討急性阻力運動對老年與年輕男性前額葉血流變化的影響； (三) 了解執行功能表現與前額葉血流變化之相關。方法：招募老年組 (65-69歲) 與年輕組 (21-30歲) 各20名，以Sternberg Working Memory Task (測量工作記憶) 與Go/No-Go Task (測量反應抑制) 來測量執行功能，並以近紅外線光譜儀來測量右半腦前額葉血流的變化。參與者以平衡次序的方式參加四次主要實驗處理 (工作記憶情境-運動處理、工作記憶情境-控制處理、反應抑制情境-運動處理、反應抑制情境-控制處理) 。阻力運動內容包含8個肌肉群運動：坐姿胸推、腿部前伸、滑輪下拉、腿部後曲、坐姿划船、大腿推蹬、坐姿肩推、肱二頭彎曲，每個運動進行2組，每組10次反覆次數，以70% 10RM (約50% 1RM) 為強度。參與者行為表現與前額葉血流的資料以變化率 (% change) 呈現。統計分析方法以三因子及二因子重複量數變異數分析來檢驗阻力運動對不同年齡組在行為表現與前額葉血流變化的影響。假使阻力運動對行為表現與前額葉血流變化皆有影響，進而以皮爾遜績差相關分析來了解行為表現與前額葉血流變化之相關。結果：經統計分析後發現： (一) 中等強度急性阻力運動能顯著提升年輕組在Sternberg作業的反應時間變化率 (p ≤ .05) ，進步幅度沒有作業難度間的差異；相反的，急性阻力運動對老年組的反應時間變化率沒有正面影響； (二) 急性阻力運動能顯著提升年輕組在Go/No-Go作業中Go情境的反應時間變化率 (p ≤ .05) ，對老年組同樣無正面影響； (三) 兩組參與者在Sternberg與Go/No-Go作業中的反應正確率與反應性錯誤率未受到急性阻力運動的影響； (四) 兩組參與者的前額葉血流變化率不受到急性阻力運動的影響。結論：中等強度急性阻力運動可以加快年輕男性對執行功能相關作業或基礎訊息的處理速度，對老年男性則無正面影響；另外，中等強度急性阻力運動不影響老年人與年輕人的前額葉血流變化，表示前額葉血流的變化可能不是急性阻力運動促進執行功能的可能生理機轉。

PURPOSE: Purposes of the current study were three-fold: (1) To investigate the effect of acute moderate-intensity resistance exercise (RE) on older and younger men’s executive function, and realize the impact of age on the relation of RE and executive function; (2) To explore the effect of RE on older and younger men’s prefrontal blood flow (PBF); and (3) To understand the correlation of improvements in executive function and alterations in PBF. METHOD: 20 older men (aged 65-69 years old) and 20 younger men (aged 21-30 years old) were recruited. The Sternberg Working Memory Task (specified to test working memory) and the Go/No-Go Task (specified to test response inhibition) were applied as paradigms of executive function. The near-infrared spectroscopy was adopted to assess PBF change. Participants underwent four main sessions (working memory-exercise session, working memory-control session, inhibition-exercise session, inhibition-control session) in a counter-balanced fashion. Resistance exercise protocol included 8 exercises: chest press, leg extension, high pull-down, leg curl, sit-rowing, leg press, shoulder press, biceps curl. Participants performed 2 sets of 10 repetitions of 70% 10RM (approximately 50% 1RM) of each exercise. Data of behavioral performance and PBF alteration were presented by % change. The 3-way and 2-way repeated measures ANOVA were applied to test the effect of RE on behavioral performance and PBF change. The Pearson correlation test was further applied once positive effects of RE on both behavioral and PBF data were observed to understand the correlation of executive function and PBF change. RESULTS: (1) Acute RE enhanced the % change of reaction times of Sternberg Task in younger group only (p ≤ .05), where the magnitude of effect may not affected by task difficulty; (2) Acute RE facilitated the % change of reaction times of the Go stimuli in the Go/No-Go Task in younger group only (p ≤ .05); (3) PBF change was not altered by RE in both age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Acute moderate-intensity RE may facilitate the processing speed in executive function or basic information of younger but older adults. On the other hand, acute RE may not affect PBF change in both age groups, which postulates that PFB change may not be a physiological mechanism that acute RE facilitate executive function.

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