研究生: |
陳嘉珍 Chen, Chia-Chen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
失智症家庭照顧者的工作家庭衝突、社會支持與幸福感之關係研究 The Relationship among Work-Family Conflict, Social Support, and Well-Being in Working Family Caregivers of People with Dementia |
指導教授: |
陳學志
Chen, Hsueh-Chih |
口試委員: |
張雨霖
Chang, Yu-Lin 邱發忠 Chiu, Fa-Chung 陳學志 Chen, Hsueh-Chih |
口試日期: | 2023/01/19 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2023 |
畢業學年度: | 111 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 91 |
中文關鍵詞: | 失智症 、家庭照顧者 、工作家庭衝突 、社會支持 、幸福感 |
英文關鍵詞: | Dementia, Working Family Caregivers, Work-family conflict, Social support, Well-Being |
研究方法: | 調查研究 、 問卷調查法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202300354 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:488 下載:64 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
當失智症的照護問題逐漸在家庭中顯現,多數失智症家庭中的成員在維持生計工作的同時,尚需要照護失智長輩,因而面臨工作與家庭角色衝突的兩難,進而影響其身心健康與幸福感。因此,本研究旨在探討失智症家庭照顧者所感受的工作家庭衝突之雙向性(「家庭對工作衝突」 與 「工作對家庭衝突」)影響;並進ㄧ步探討研究參與者在職場與家庭中所能獲得的社會支持(主管支持、同事支持、家人支持)對其工作家庭衝突與幸福感之調節作用。本研究採用問卷調查法,以臺灣地區在職的失智症家庭照顧者作為樣本,共回收 202 份有效問卷,並使用「工作家庭衝突量表 」、「社會支持量表」與「中國人幸福感量表」 作 為研究工具,研究結果發現:(1)失智症家庭照顧者的工作家庭衝突與幸福感呈顯著負相關;(2)人口屬性方面,男性比女性感受到較多的社會支持,而工作家庭衝突或幸福感會因研究對象的性別、年齡、工作型態、職業、家庭照顧者身分、平均月收入以及每日照顧時間等不同有差異;其中值得注意的是被照顧的失智症患者年齡對家庭照顧者的工作家庭衝突有顯著的差異影響,使看見年輕型失智症的照顧議題。(3)社會支持方面以同事支持能有效緩衝調節「家庭對工作衝突」與幸福感的關係,家人支持能直接影響研究參與 者之幸福感,而主管支持之調節效果不顯著。
When families all over the world have to facing the problems of the diseases and health care issues out of dementia, most family caregivers with dementia need to take care of their dementia patient while maintaining their living and work at same time facing the dilemma of work and family conflict, which in turn affects their physical and mental health and well-being. Therefore, this research aims to explore the relationship between work-family conflict (included two way of “family to work conflict” and “work to family conflict”) and well-being of family caregivers with dementia, and to analyze the moderating effect of the social support (supervisor support, peer support, and family support) between work-family conflict and well-being. In this study, a questionnaire survey was used to collect 202 effective samples from working family caregivers with dementia in Taiwan. “Work-Family Conflict Scale,” “Social Support scale” and “Chinese Happiness Inventory(CHI)” were used as research tools. The results of the study found that: (1) Work-family conflict and well-being of family caregivers with dementia were significantly negatively correlated. (2) Demographically, men felt more social support than women, and work-family conflict or well-being will vary with family caregivers’ gender, age, work type, occupation, monthly income, daily care time and relations to the dementia patient. The age of the dementia patient had a significant differential effect on the family caregivers’ work-family conflict, it caused more attentions to take the health and social care issues of the younger onset dementia into consideration. (3) In terms of social support, peer support effectively buffered the relationship between “family to work conflict” and well-being, family support directly affected well-being, but supervisor support had no moderating effect on work-family conflict and well-being.
中華民國家庭照顧者關懷總會(2018–2021):《照顧悲劇事件簿》。https://www.familycare.org.tw/policy/11566
王玉珍(2014):〈雙生涯成人工作家庭角色衝突與優勢經驗之探究〉。《中華輔導與諮商學報》,39,151–182。
王瀅筑(2009):《家戶有需長期照顧者之家庭成員與主要照顧者生活品質影響因素探討》(未出版碩士論文),亞洲大學。
王麗雲(2015):〈失智症家庭主要照顧者失落之經驗〉。《慈惠學報》,11,33–43。 https://doi.org/10.6202/THJ-2015-11-03
田秀蘭(2007):《雙生涯夫妻對工作與家庭之衝突、平衡、及滿意與幸福感之探究》(計畫編號:NSC 95-2413-H-003-028-SSS)。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告,國科會。
杜怡君(2012):《以壓力歷程模式探討女性失智症家庭照顧者其正向照顧經驗、因應模式及睡眠之相關研究》(未出版碩士論文),輔仁大學。
李思儀(2013):《台灣中老年人資源流失、社會支持、因應型態與心理幸福感的關係》(未出版碩士論文),中山醫學大學。
李素菁(2002):《青少年家庭支持與幸福感之相關研究—以臺中市國中生為例》(未出版碩士論文),靜宜大學。
李逸、邱啟潤、蘇卉芯(2017):〈高齡與非高齡家庭照顧者之照顧現況與需求比較〉。《長期照護雜誌》,21,149–164。https://doi.org/10.6317/LTC.21.149
李曉貞(2017):《早發性失智症照顧者的經驗探討》(未出版碩士論文),靜宜大學。
巫瑩慧(2017):〈年輕型失智症的支持探討〉。《健康世界》,485,20–25。
周宛宣(2008):《以幸福為目的的哲學諮商從亞里斯多德《尼各馬科倫理學》第一卷談起》(未出版碩士論文),輔仁大學。
吳念儒(2011):《不同關係種類失智症家庭照顧者的自我效能、情緒性社會支持和憂鬱症狀之關係研究》(未出版碩士論文),輔仁大學。
邱麗蓉、謝佳容、蔡欣玲(2007):〈失智症病患主要照護者的壓力源、評價和因應行為與健康之相關性探討〉。《精神衛生護理雜誌》,2(2),31–44。https://doi.org/10.6847/TJPMHN.200709_2(2).0005
法務部全國法規資料庫工作小組(2019):《長期照顧服務法》。法務部全國法規資料庫。https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0070040
信蕙蘭(2014):《桃園縣國中生社會支持與幸福感之關聯性研究》(未出版碩士論文),中原大學。
翁振益、林若慧、劉士豪(2008):〈以社會支持調適第一線員工的工作―非工作衝突與提升生活品質〉。《管理與系統》,15,355–376。
徐榮隆(2019):〈年輕型失智症〉。《中華民國內膜異位症婦女協會會刊》,26(7&8),5–6。https://doi.org/10.6498/EA.201908_26(07_08).3
莊慧美、田秀蘭(1998):〈女性國小教師在工作、家庭、及進修角色之衝突及適應歷程分析—以屏東女性教師為例〉。《中華輔導學報》,6,231–266。
陳文良、王怡涵、邱雅萍(2013):〈台灣工作家庭衝突研究之回顧與展望〉,《人力資源管理學報》,13(4),79–106。https://doi.org/10.6147/JHRM.2013.1304.03
陳宜家、林奕宇、王鵬智、陳益乾、黃長治、林敬恩(2020):〈女性失智症家庭照顧者之自我效能、積極因應、正向照顧經驗與幸福感之關係研究〉。《臺灣老年醫暨老年學會雜誌》,15(2),84–99。https://doi.org/10.29461/TGGa.202005_15(2).0002
陳昱名(2013):〈老年失智症病患家庭照顧者之照顧負荷〉。《崇仁學報》,7,1–22。
陳俊谷(2007):《工作資源、職家衝突及其後果》(未出版碩士論文),中央大學。
陳冠宇(2011):《失智症家庭照顧者的壓力、因應方式及憂鬱之相關研究》(未出版碩士論文),輔仁大學。
陳淑貞、王中元、蔡麗真(2009):〈中小企業從業人員工作與家庭的雙向衝突―主管支持、同事支持、配偶支持、重要親友支持之調節效果〉。《人力資源管理學報》,9(4),43–64。
陳華邑(2019):《失智症患者家庭照顧者失功能信念、社會支持與照顧者負荷之相關研究》(未出版碩士論文),臺南大學。
盛秀明(2011):《失智症之成年女兒照顧者家庭角色轉換歷程之敘說研究》(未出版碩士論文),臺北教育大學。
塞利格曼(2009):《真實的快樂》(洪蘭譯)。遠流。(原作出版年:2002)
梁忠軒(2002):《國中生之幸福感研究》(未出版碩士論文),臺灣師範大學。
陸洛(1998):〈中國人幸福感之內涵、測量及相關因素探討〉。《國家科學委員會研究彙刊:人文及社會科學》,8,115–137。
陸洛、黃茂丁、高旭繁(2005):〈工作與家庭的雙向衝突:前因、後果及調節變項之探討〉。《應用心理研究》,27,133–166。
張珍珍(2006):《影響失智症家庭照顧者其照顧酬賞與照顧品質的相關之探討》(未出版碩士論文),長庚大學。
張婷婷、陸洛(2009):〈資源損失與資源獲得對職家衝突之影響:資源保存理論的觀點〉,《臺大管理論叢》,20(1),69–98。https://doi.org/10.6226/NTURM2009.20.1.69
張雅如(2000):《失智症患者照顧者生活品質及其相關因素之探討》(未出版碩士論文),臺灣大學。
許雅惠、楊鎮嘉、張育嘉、黃麗玲、林川雄、黃建財、葉德豐(2021):〈護理人員工作家庭衝突、社會支持與工作倦怠之關聯性研究〉。《醫務管理期刊》,22(1),5–22。https://doi.org/10.6174/JHM.202103_22(1).5
曾珮玲(2014):《失智症家庭照顧者之照顧負荷研究》,(未出版碩士論文),中山醫學大學。
曾煥裕(2020):〈失智症家庭照顧者人口特質、社會支持需求與長期照顧服務需求之關係初探〉。《福祉科技與服務管理學刊》,8(2),148–176。https://doi.org/10.6283/JOCSG.202006_8(2).148
曾豔秋(2002):《已婚婦女生活目標、目標社會支持與幸福感之相關研究—以高雄市育有國小子女之已婚婦女為例》,(未出版碩士論文),高雄師範大學。
馮譯葶(2010):《走出生命負荷,發掘成長能量一家庭照顧者参與自助團體經驗之初探》(未出版碩士論文),政治大學。
楊明理(2011):《喘息服務對家庭照顧者之賦能歴程研究》(未出版碩士論文),暨南國際大學。
溫婉伶(2006):《影響失智症家庭照顧者其自覺準備度與生活品質因素之探討》(未出版碩士論文),長庚大學。
萬礎榮(2010):《活動熱情對青少年社會支持及主觀幸福感之影響》(未出版碩士論文),臺灣師範大學。
臺灣失智症協會(2021):〈臺灣地區失智症人口推估〉。https://www.tada2002.org.tw/About/IsntDementia#bn1
臺灣默克(2021年):〈臺灣照顧者福祉指數報告〉。https://www.merckgroup.com/tw-zh/news/2021-caregivers-report-in-taiwan.html
鄭秀容、曾月霞(2008):〈居家失智老人家屬照顧者照顧需求及需求被滿足情形之研究〉。《榮總護理》,25(4),386–392。https://doi.org/10.6142/VGHN.25.4.386
蔡佳容(2014):《失智症家庭照顧者照顧經驗之質性研究—女兒的觀點》(未出版博士論文),臺灣師範大學。
蔡佳容、蔡榮順、李佩怡(2012):〈失智症家庭照顧者的內疚經驗〉。《亞洲高齡健康休閒及教育學刊》,1(1),59-79。https://doi.org/10.6262/ASHLE.201209_1(1).0006
鄧桂芬、李玉春、楊哲銘、黃國哲(2019):〈影響台灣家庭使用長照十年計劃2.0的相關因素分析》。《台灣公共衛生雜誌》,38(5),521–536。https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH.201910_38(5).108081
歐淑惠(2007):《失智症家庭照顧者「尋找平衡點」照顧過程與生活品質之相關性探討》(未出版碩士論文),長庚大學。
謝明華(2002):《國小學童之父親參與、幸福感及學業成就之相關研究》(未出版碩士論文),彰化師範大學。
顏雯君(2012):《失能老人主要照顧者照顧壓力及幸福感之相關研究-韌力調節作用》(未出版碩士論文),臺灣師範大學。
Alarcon, G. M. (2011). A meta-analysis of burnout with job demands, resources, and attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 549–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.007
Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 278–308. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.2.278
Anderson, S. E., Coffey, B. S., & Byerly, R. T. (2002). Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to Work-Family Conflict and job-related outcomes. Journal of Management, 28(6), 787–810. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630202800605
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of well-being: America’s perception of life quality. Plenum Press.
Argyle, M. (1987). The psychology of happiness. Routedge.
Aryee, S., & Luk, V. (1996). Work and nonwork influences on the career satisfaction of dual-earner couples. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49, 38–52.https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0032
Beehr, T. A., & Newman, J. E. (1978). Job stress, employee health and organizational effectiveness: A factor analysis model and literature review. Personal Psychology, 31, 665–699. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1978.tb02118.x
Bolger, N., & Amarel, D. (2007). Effects of social support visibility on adjustment to stress: Experimental evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(3), 458–475. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.458
Boyar, S. L., Maertz, C. P., Jr., Pearson, A. W., & Keough, S. (2003). Work-family conflict: A model of linkages between work and family domain variables and turnover intentions. Journal of Managerial Issues, 15(2), 175–190. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40604424
Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H. M. (2002). Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 279–307. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135156
Burke, R. J. (1998). Some antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict. Social Behavior and Personality, 3, 287–302.
Caplan, G. (1974). Support systems and community mental health: Lectures on concept development. Behavioral Publications.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 249–276. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1713
Chiu, R. K. (1998). Relationships among role conflicts, role satisfactions, and life satisfaction: Evidence from Hong Kong. Social Behavior and Personality, 26, 409–414. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1998.26.4.409
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Journal of Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_2
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2005). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 63–73). Oxford University Press.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1985). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.42
Fisher, C. D. (1986). Organizational socialization: An integrative review. Research in Personne and Human Resource Management, 4, 101–145.
Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R. H. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings. Journal of the American Medical Association, 169(12), 1286–1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1959.03000290012005
Frone, M. R., Russell, M. & Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.77.1.65
Frone, M. R. (2000).Work-family conflict and employee psychiatric disorders: The national comorbidity study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 888–895. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.6.888
Frone, M. R., Yardley, J. K., Markel, K. S. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of the workfamily interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 145–167. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.1577
Gable, S. L., & Haidt, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology? Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.103
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76–88. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1985.4277352
Grzywacz, J. G., & Bass, B. L. (2003). Work, family, and mental health: Testing different models of work family fit. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 248–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00248.x
Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Buckley, M. R. (2004). Burnout in organizational life. Journal of Management, 30(6), 859–879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.004
Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. The Guilford Press.
House, J. J. (1981). Work stress and social support. Addison Wesley.
Judge, T. A., Boudreau, J. W. & Bretz, R. D. (1994). Job and life attitudes of male executives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 767–782. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.5.767
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D., Quinn, R., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. John Wiley & Sons.
Karasek, R. A., Jr. (1979). Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 285–308. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392498
Kopelman, R. E., Greenhaus, J. H., & Connolly, T. F. (1983). A model of work, family, and interrole conflict: A construct validation study. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32, 198–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(83)90147-2
Kossek, E. E., & Ozeki, C. (1998). Work-family conflict policies and the job-life satisfaction relationship: A review and directions for organizational behavior-human resources research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.2.139
Kinnunen, U., & Mauno, S. (1998). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict among employed women and men in Finland. Human Relations, 51(11), 1457–1478.
Leineweber, C., Westerlund, H., Chungkham, H. S., Lindqvist, R., Runesdotter, S., & Tishelman, C. (2014). Nurses’ practice environment and work-family conflict in relation to burn out: A multilevel modelling approach. PLoS ONE, 9(5), Article e96991. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096991
Lim, H. S. (2002). The impact of parenting stress and social support on psychological well-being of Korean mothers of children with mental retardation [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Virginia.
Lu, L. (1999). Personal or environmental causes of happiness: A longitudinal analysis. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139(1), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549909598363
Lu, L. (2008). The individual- and social-oriented Chinese bicultural self: Testing the theory. Journal of Social Psychology, 148, 347–373. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.148.3.347-374
Lu, L., Gilmour, R., Kao, S. F., & Huang, M. T. (2006). A cross-cultural study of work/family demands, work/family conflict, and well-being: The Taiwanese vs. British. Career Development International, 11, 9–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430610642354
Luk, D. M., & Shaffer, M. A. (2005). Work and family domain stressors and support: Within and cross-domain influences on work-family conflict. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, 489–508. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905X26741
Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., Clark, M. A., & Baltes, B. B. (2011). Antecedents of work family conflict: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 689–725. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.695
Mittelman, M. S., Haley, W. E., Clay, O. J., & Roth, D. L. (2006). Improving caregiver well-being delays nursing home placement of patients with Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 67(9), 1592–1599. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000242727.81172.91
Morimoto, H., & Takebayashi, Y. (2021). Antecedents and outcomes of enrichment among working family caregivers of people with dementia: A longitudinal analysis. Journals of Gerontology-Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 76(6), 1060–1070. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa183
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2008). Promoting children’s social and emotional wellbeing in primary education.
Netemeyer, R.G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400–410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
Repetti, R. L. (1993). Short-term effects of occupational stressors on daily mood and health complaints. Health Psychology, 12(2), 125–131.
Simmons, S. (1994). Social network: Their relevance to mental health nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(2), 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01082.x
Shinn, M., Wong, N. W., Simko, P. A., & Ortiz-Torres, B. (1989). Promoting the well-being of working parents: Coping, social support, and flexible job schedules. American Journal of Community Psychology, 17, 31–55. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00931201
Thoits, P. A. (1986). Social support as coping assistance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 416–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.54.4.416
Veenhoven, R. (1994). Is happiness a trait? Social indicators research, 32(2), 101–160. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01078732
Voydanoff, P. (2004). The effects of work demands and resources on work-to-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 398–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2004.00028.x
Viswesvaran, C., Sanchez, J. I., & Fisher, J. 1999. The role of social support in the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(2), 314–334. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.166