「觸技曲」(Toccata)最早源於文藝復興時期，隨後逐漸演變為給鍵盤樂器 演奏的曲種。巴洛克時期在巴赫手中為觸技曲與賦格的作品形式；浪漫時期以 舒曼採用奏鳴曲架構所寫的《C 大調觸技曲，作品七》為代表作；到二十世 紀，許多著名的觸技曲作曲家如德布西、拉威爾、浦羅柯菲夫、浦朗克、鮑溫 和穆欽斯基也將更多素材放入創作中。 本文共分為十章，第一章為緒論，說明此論文之研究動機和方法；第二章 分為三節，包含觸技曲發展歷史、二十世紀觸技曲現況及二十世紀觸技曲特 色，像是自由的曲式架構、恆動節奏的發展和恆動節奏的音色變化；第三章至 第八章為本文所選六首觸技曲之作曲家風格介紹及樂曲分析；第九章為詮釋探 討，以技巧、節奏特色、層次與對比三方面討論；第十章為結論。期待透過本 篇論文，能使讀者對於觸技曲有更加全面的了解。

“Toccata” originated in Renaissence, then gradually evolved into a music genres for keyboard instruments. In Baroque period, Johann Sebastian Bach wrote lots of toccatas, which was the form of “toccata and fugue”. Later on, Robert Alexander Schumann’s (1810-1856) Toccata in C Major, which was representative work in structure of sonata form in Romantic period, even affected later composers. By the Twentieth century, well known toccata composers includes Claude Debussy (18621918), Maurice Ravel (1875-1937), Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953), Francis Poulenc (1899-1963), York Bowen (1884-1961), and Robert Muczynski (1929-2010) were using more different materials in toccatas. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. The first chapter is introduction, which explains the research motive and method of this thesis. The second chapter is divided into three sections, including the history of toccata, the development of toccata in the Twentieth century and the characteristics of the Twentieth century toccata about free structure, highly development of moto perpetuo and different color of timbre. Chapter three to eight are the composer’s music style and analysis of six toccatas. The ninth chapter is the interpretation, discussing three dimensions: technician, characteristic of tempo, voice layers and contrasts. Summary is mentioned in the tenth chapter. I sincerely hope that through this article will bring readers a clearer understanding of toccatas.

一、樂譜
Bowen, York. Toccata Op. 155. Vienna: Josef Weinberger, 1885.
Debussy, Claude. Pour le Piano – Toccata. München:O G. Henle Verlag, 1984.
Muczynski, Robert. Toccata Op. 15. New York: G. Schirmer, 1990.
Prokofiev, Sergei. Toccata in D Minor Op. 11. New York: Dover Publiccations, 2000.
Ravel, Maurice. Le Tombeau de Couperin – Toccata. Paris: Durand & Cie, 1918.
Poulenc, Francis. Trois pieces - Toccata. Paris: Heugel & Cie, 1931.

二、中文書目：
陳漢金。《您說是「印象派音樂」?—關於他的室內樂與管弦樂》。台北：中正 文化出版，2008。
陳郁秀，《拉威爾鋼琴作品之研究》。台北：全音樂譜出版社，1982。
蕭慶瑜，《法國近代鋼琴音樂：從德布西到杜悌尤》。台北：國立編譯館， 2009。

三、中文期刊：
蕭慶瑜。「拉威爾的鋼琴作品和聲語法之探討─以庫普蘭之墓為例」。《台北 市立師範學院學報》，第 34 期，2003。
吳佩瑤。〈德布西的「觸技曲」─『給鋼琴的』〉。《華岡藝術學報》，第七 期，2003。
謝綉莉。〈浦朗克鋼琴作品及彈奏技巧概述〉。《師大學報：人文與社會科學 類》，第 50 卷第 1 期，2005。
謝綉莉，〈浦朗克鋼琴作品風格評析〉，《台東大學教育學報》，第 14 期， 2003。

四、外文書目：
Buelow, George J.. A History of Baroque Music. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.
Bradshaw, Murray C..The Origin of the Toccata. German: American institute of musicology, 1972.
Crocker, R. L. A History of Music Style. N. Y. : Dover Publications, 1986.
Gillespie, John. Five Centuries of Keyboard Music. New York: Dover Publications, 1972.
Gordon, Stewart. A History of Keyboard Literature. New York: Schirmer Books, 1996.
Kirby, Frank. Music for Piano-A Short History. New Jersey: Amadeus Press, 1995.
Marshall, Robert. Eighteenth-Century Keyboard Music. N. Y. : Schirmer Books, 1994.
Myers, Rollo H.. Ravel: Life and Works. Westerport: Greenwood Press, 1973.
Morgan, Robert P.. Twentieth-Century Music: A Musical Style in Modern Europe and America. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1991.
Robinson, Harlow. Sergei Prokofiev. New York: Viking, 2002.
Schulenberg, David. Music of the Baroque. N. Y. : Oxford University Press, 2001.

五、外文論文：
Hsieh, Chia-ling. An Analytical Study of York Bowen’s Twenty-four Preludes in All Major and Minor Keys, Op. 102. D.M.A. diss., University of Cincinnati, 2010.
Lee, Carole Ann. The Piano Toccata in Twentieth Century: A Selective Investigation of the Keyboard Styles and Performance Techniques. D.M.A. diss., Michigan University Press, 1978.
Kim, Eun-Joung. “A Style and Performance Guide to Selected Piano Toccatas, 1957- 2000.” D.M.A. diss., University of Cincinnati, 2013.
Lee, Hye Won. “The Toccata and the History of Touch: A Pianist Survey of the Symbiosis of Style and Performance Practice of Selected Toccatas From Froberger to Muczynski.” D.M.A. diss., University of Nebraska, 2008.
Oh, Eun Jun. “An Analytical Study of Robert Muczynski’s Second Piano Trio.” D.M.A. diss., University of North Texas, 2006.
Oh, Joo Young. “An Introduction to Selected Character Pieces for Piano by Robert Muczynski.” D.M.A. diss., University of Arizona, 2016.
Song, Seon Hwa. “A Study of Selected Piano Toccatas in the Twentieth Century: A Performance Guide.” D.M.A. diss., Florida State University, 2011.

六、網路資料
Google. “York Bowen”；Accessed 15 Nov. 2019. http://www.yorkbowen.co.uk/life.htm
Google. “Kapustin Nikolai”；Accessed 30 Nov. 2019. http://www.nikolai-kapustin.info/biography.html