研究生: |
許浩瑩 Hao-Ying Hsu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
從鳴聲探討諸羅樹蛙(Rhacophorus arvalis)的雌性選擇 Female Calling Preferences in the Farmland Green Treefrog (Rhacophorus arvalis) |
指導教授: |
呂光洋
Lue, Kuang-Yang |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
生命科學系 Department of Life Science |
論文出版年: | 2007 |
畢業學年度: | 95 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 42 |
中文關鍵詞: | 諸羅樹蛙 、雌性選擇 、宣告叫聲 |
英文關鍵詞: | Rhacophorus arvalis, female preference, advertisement call |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:248 下載:43 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
鳴叫是兩棲綱無尾目動物的重要溝通方式。鳴聲可以反應出個體的體型或生理狀態,而雌性個體也可藉由雄性的鳴聲特徵來選擇配對的對象。本實驗收集分析雲林地區諸羅樹蛙(Rhacophorus arvalis)族群的鳴聲,探討雌蛙在群集展示場之間與群集展示場之內的雌性選擇依據,並檢測配對成功雄蛙的特質與體型之間的關係。
諸羅樹蛙的鳴聲依據頻譜特性、時間特性、出現時機以及伴隨行為,可以區分為釋放叫聲、壓迫叫聲與宣告叫聲A、B、C等,其中宣告叫聲A是雄蛙主要的求偶叫聲,宣告叫聲B及C則推測與求偶關係不大。具有較多雄蛙聚集鳴叫的群集展示場,其鳴叫持續時間較長(p=0.001),鳴叫時間比例較高(p=0.0003),雌蛙生殖強度也較大(p=0.017)。分析雌性選擇事件中配對成功與不成功雄蛙的體型和宣告叫聲A特徵,結果顯示成功雄蛙的頻率修飾幅度顯著小於不成功雄蛙(p=0.0177),鳴叫速率顯著高於不成功雄蛙(p=0.0182)。將配對成功與不成功的雄蛙資料進行邏輯迴歸分析,可以得知宣告叫聲A頻率修飾幅度越小,一鳴叫中的脈波數越多,及在鳴叫陣中所佔的次數比例越高,則其成功配對的機率越大;鳴叫速率和鳴叫陣中的鳴叫數對於雄蛙生殖成功也有接近顯著的影響。以上五項和雄蛙配對成功與否相關的宣告叫聲A特徵當中,只有鳴叫速率和個體的體長之間有顯著的相關性,但屬於低度相關(p=0.0315)。
以上結果顯示諸羅樹蛙雌性個體會選擇具有較多雄蛙的群集展示場,進入展示場後推測會以宣告叫聲A的下列鳴聲特徵作為選擇雄蛙的依據:頻率修飾幅度、一個鳴叫中脈波數、鳴叫速率、一鳴叫陣中鳴叫數,以及在鳴叫陣中所佔的次數比例。
In anurans, the most important way of communication is based on acoustic signaling. The advertisement calls of many anuran species play a critical role both for male-male competition and female preferences. Call types, call properties and the female preferences on male farmland green treefrogs (Rhacophorus arvalis) were investigated in this study. Based on recordings from fields, we identified five call types according to spectral and temporal properties; these included release call, distress call and three types of advertisement calls A, B, and C. Advertisement call A was recorded most frequently and was probably the most important one to attract females. Advertisement call B and C were presumed not to relate female selection.
There was a positive correlation between the number of calling males in leks and time of continuous calling (p=0.001), percentage of time spent calling (p=0.0003), and the female reproductive intensity (p=0.017), respectively. Two call properties, frequency modulation and call rate, of advertisement call A differ significantly between successfully and unsuccessfully mating males (p=0.0177 for frequency modulation, p=0.0182 for call rate). The frequency modulation, number of pulses per call and the percentage of advertisement call A numbers per advertisement call bout were significant variables in predicting the mating success of males. Of all call properties, call rate was the only one that showed positive correlation with the male body size (p=0.0315).
The results of this study suggested that female farmland green treefrogs choose leks with more males in it, and prefer males which call with less frequency modulations, higher call rates, more pulses per call, more calls per call bout or higher percentage of advertisement call A in call bouts.
莊鎮碩。2000。諸羅樹蛙(Rhacophorus arvalis)生殖行為之研究。國立台灣師範大學生物學系碩士論文。
陳清圳。2004。暫時性水域水量變化對諸羅樹蛙(Rhacophorus arvalis)蝌蚪變態與發育之研究。靜宜大學生態學研究所碩士論文。
陳惇聿。2002。莫氏樹蛙雄蛙宣告叫聲及雌性選擇。國立成功大學生物學研究所碩士論文。
謝煒智。2004。諸羅樹蛙(Rhacophorus arvalis)群集展示行為之研究。國立台灣師範大學生命科學系碩士論文。
Arak, A. 1988. Female mate selection in the natterjack toad: Active choice or passive attraction? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 22: 317-327.
Bradbury, J. W. 1981. The evolution of leks. In: Natural Selection and Social Behavior. Chapter 9. R. D. Alexander and D. Tinkle, eds. Chiron Press, New York.
Bush, S. L., H. C. Gerhardt, and J. Schul. 2002. Pattern recognition and call preferences in treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae): a quantitative analysis using a no-choice paradigm. Animal Behaviour 63: 7-14.
Castellano, S., A. Rosso, F. Laoretti, S. Doglio and C. Giacoma. 2000. Call intensity and female preferences in the European green toad. Ethology 106: 1129-1141.
Cherry, M. I. 1993. Sexual selection in the raucous toad, Bufo rangeri. Animal Behaviour 45: 359-373.
Doherty, J. A. and H. C. Gerhardt. 1984. Evolutionary and neurobiological implications of selective phonotaxis in the spring peeper (Hyla crucifer). Animal Behaviour 32: 875-881.
Duellman, W. E. and L. Trueb. 1986. Biology of Amphibians. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.
Eggert, C. and R. Guyétant. 2003. Reproductive behaviour of spadefoot toads (Pelobates fuscus): daily sex ratios and male’s tactics, ages, and physical condition. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82: 46-51.
Friedl, T. W. P. 2006. Individual male calling pattern and male mating success in the European treefrog (Hyla arborea): is there evidence for directional or stabilizing selection on male calling behaviour? Ethology 112: 116-126.
Gerhardt, H. C. 1994. The evolution of the vocalization in frogs and toads. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 25: 293-324.
Gerhardt, H. C., M. L. Dyson, and S. D. Tanner. 1996. Dynamic properties of the advertisement calls of gray tree frogs: patterns of variability and female choice. Behavioral Ecology 7: 7-18.
Gerhardt, H. C. and F. Huber. 2002. Acoustic communication in insects and anurans. The University of Chicago Press.
Gosner, K.L. 1960.A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification, Herpetologica 16: 183-190.
Grafe, T. U. 1997. Costs and benefits of mate choice in the lek-breeding reed frog, Hyperolius marmoratus. Animal Behaviour 53: 1103-1107.
Hero, J. M. 1989. A simple code for toe clipping anurans. Herpetological Review 20: 66-67.
Hödl, W., A. Amézquita, and P. M. Narins. 2004. The role of call frequency and the auditory papillae in phonotactic behavior in male dart-poison frogs Epipedobates femoralis (Dendrobatidae). Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 190(10): 823-829.
Howard, R. D. 1984. Alternative mating behaviors of young male bullfrogs. American Zoologist 24: 397-406.
Klaudia, W., M. J. Ryan, and W. Wilczynski. 2001. Changes in the frequency structure of a mating call decrease its attractiveness to females in the cricket frog Acris crepitans blanchardi. Ethology 107: 685-699.
Lardner, B. and M. B. Lakim. 2004. Female call preferences in tree-hole frogs: why are there so many unattractive males? Animal Behaviour 68: 265-272.
Lopez, P. T. and P. M. Narins. 1991. Mate choice in the Neotropical frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui. Animal Behaviour 41: 757-772.
Passmore, N. I., P. J. Bishop, and N. Caithness. 1992. Calling behaviour influences mating success in male painted reed frogs, Hyperolius marmoratus. Ethology 92: 227-241.
Pfenning, K. S. 2000. Female spadefoot toads compromise on mate quality to ensure conspecific matings. Behavioral Ecology 11: 220-227.
Ryan, M. J. 1992. Sexual selection and communication in frogs. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 6: 351-355.
Schwartz, J. J. 1994. Male advertisement and female choice in frogs: recent findings and new approaches to the study of communication in a dynamic acoustic environment. American Zoologist 34: 616-624.
Schwartz, J. J. and H. C. Gerhardt. 1998. The neuroethology of frequency preferences in the spring peeper. Animal Behaviour 56: 55-69.
Schwartz, J. J., B. W. Buchanan, and H. C. Gerhardt. 2001. Female mate choice in the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) in three experimental environments. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 49: 443-455.
Simmons, L. W. and M. G. Ritchie. 1996. Symmetry in the songs of crickets. Proceedings: Biological Sciences 263: 305-311.
Swets, J. A. 1988. Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic system. Science 240: 1285-1293.
Tárano, Zaida and Emilio A. Herrera. 2003. Female preferences for call traits and male mating success in the Neotropical frog Physalaemus enesefae. Ethology 109(2): 121-134.
Tobias, M. L., S. Viswanathan, and D. B. Kelly. 1998. Rapping, a female receptive call, initiates male-female duets in the South African clawed frog. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U. S. A. 95: 1870-1875.
Wilczynski, W., A. S. Rand, and M. J. Ryan. 1995. The processing of spectral cues by the call analysis system of the Túngara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus. Animal Behaviour 49: 911-929.
Wollerman, L. 1998. Stabilizing and directional preference of female Hyla ebreccata for calls differing in static properties. Animal Behaviour 55: 1619-1630.
Gosner, K.L. 1960.A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification, Herpetologica 16: 183-190.