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研究生: 蘇津琳
論文名稱: 美國音樂劇作曲作詞家 史蒂芬.桑德海姆(Stephen Sondheim)之研究 以《星期天與喬治同遊公園》為例
指導教授: 黃均人
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 音樂學系
Department of Music
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 169
中文關鍵詞: 音樂劇桑德海姆星期天與喬治同遊公園
英文關鍵詞: musical, Sondheim
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:158下載:38
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  • 《星期天與喬治同遊公園》是美國音樂劇作曲、作詞家史蒂芬.桑德海姆(Stephen Sondheim, 1930-)在歷經前部作品失敗後,重新出發的作品。這部音樂劇曾在1985年獲得普立茲獎,對商業氣息濃厚的百老匯而言,是一項特別的肯定。桑德海姆的作品著重在詞曲和戲劇的緊密結合,他也為音樂劇開創了新局面。
    雖然桑德海姆在票房上不盡理想,但是他已經在2008年榮獲東尼獎的終生成就獎,更在今年2011年英國奧利佛獎,再度拿下終生成就獎,他對音樂劇的貢獻已備受肯定。因此本論文寫作目的,便是希望觀眾對桑德海姆有更多認識,並有機會按觸更多類型的音樂劇。
    本文共分五章:第一章緒論,敘述音樂劇的要素,以及1960年代起音樂劇發展;第二章介紹桑德海姆的成長背景,以及他的劇場生涯經歷;第三章則是針對桑德海姆的音樂劇特色進行分析,包括他的詞、曲;第四章開始闡述《星期天與喬治同遊公園》的創作背景,接著從繪畫和架構中,深入探討作品的創作意涵;第五章為結論。藉由這樣的分析,不僅了解這部作品的藝術性,並能感受桑德海姆身為一個藝術創作者,想要抒發的看法!

    Sunday in the Park with George is the restarting work of Stephen Sondheim who is an American musical composer and lyricist after the failure of the front works. In 1984, This musical won the Pulitzer Prize which is a special recognition for Broadway with a strong commercial atmosphere. Sondheim’s work focuses on the tight combination of lyrics, songs and plays. He also creates a new situation for musicals.

    Although Sondheim doesn't have good result at the box office, but he has won the 2008 Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre, also in 2011, once again won the Oliver Award for Special Award for his contribution to the musical has been well recognized. The purpose of this thesis is that hope the audience have more understanding of Sondheim and the opportunity to contact with all kinds of musicals.

    This thesis is divided into five chapters. Chapter one discusses out the introduction, which mainly states the factor in musicals, and the development of musicals in 1960s. Chapter two introduces the growth background of Sondheim and his experience of theater career Chapter three aims to analyze the feature of Sondheim’s musicals including his lyrics and music. Chapter four expands on the creation background of Sunday in the Park with George and discusses the creation meaning of the work from the painting and the framework. Chapter five concludes the whole thesis. Through such analysis, we not only understand the artistic values of the work but feel the opinion of Sondheim who is an artist.

    第一章 緒論........................................1 第一節 音樂劇的組成要素...........................4 一、劇、舞、樂...................................4 二、文本、歌詞、音樂、舞蹈、設計.................7 三、頭腦、心、勇氣...............................10 第二節 1960年代起的音樂劇發展.....................14 一、1960~70年代..................................14 二、1980-90年代..................................16 三、2000年-至今..................................18 第三節 研究範圍與方法.............................20 第二章 桑德海姆的成長過程與經歷....................23 第一節 童年-青少年時期............................23 一、和母親的相處.................................26 二、和父親的相處.................................28 三、和奧斯卡.漢默斯坦的相處.....................30 第二節 求學過程...................................34 第三節 進入劇場生涯...............................38 一、首度接觸.....................................38 二、正式進入百老匯...............................39 三、遭遇挫折.....................................42 四、開啟顛峰.....................................43 第三章 桑德海姆的音樂劇特色........................45 第一節 概念音樂劇.................................45 第二節 詞(Lyrics)...............................53 一、在角色中找到幽默.............................56 二、使用韻律來營造某種氣氛.......................57 三、需要劇作家的幫助.............................58 四、讓歌詞強化印象、角色發展更多面向.............59 第三節 音樂(Score)..............................62 一、動機旋律.....................................64 二、對位式織度...................................66 三、獨特的伴奏...................................68 四、彈性的結構...................................69 五、旋律難以哼唱.................................71 第四章 《星期天》創作緣由及發展與作品分析..........75 第一節 創作背景...................................75 一、構思背景與過程...............................75 二、秀拉的《大傑特島的星期天下午》(Sunday Afternoon on the Island of la Grande Jatte)....................77 三、劇情發展與歌曲架構(根據1986年的電視錄影版本)..79 四、男女主角選角.................................81 第二節 百老匯首演與評論...........................83 一、在外百老匯的演出.............................84 二、在百老匯的首演 ...........................87 三、演出後的評論.................................90 四、之後的發展...................................92 第三節 《星期天》的創作意涵—組合起來..............98 一、舞台佈景—繪畫...............................99 二、作品結構—建築 ...........................104 第五章 結論........................................110 附錄一 桑德海姆生涯創作年表........................116 附錄二 桑德海姆音樂劇於「百老匯」演出紀錄..........121 附件三 桑德海姆提名及獲獎紀錄......................125 附錄四 原文歌詞與翻譯..............................130 參考書目...........................................166 表目錄 表2-3-1 桑德海姆與普林斯合作作品一覽表.............44 表4-1-1《星期天》情節與對應歌曲一覽表..............79 表4-2-1《星期天》所獲提名與獎項....................91 表4-3-1 平行結構的歌曲與劇情.......................108 圖目錄 圖4-2-1 現「劇作家水平戲院」主舞台觀眾席...........85 圖4-2-2 現「劇作家水平戲院」外觀...................85 圖4-2-3 雅座劇院外觀...............................88 圖4-2-4 雅座劇院內部...............................88 圖4-2-5 香港大會堂劇院.............................94 圖4-2-6 54俱樂部...................................96 圖4-3-1《星期天》第一幕最後........................101 圖4-3-2 畫作《大傑特島的星期天下午》...............101 圖4-3-3 畫作《阿尼埃爾浴場》.......................102 圖4-3-4《星期天》第一幕............................102 圖4-3-5 女主角劇照.................................103 圖4-3-6 畫作《擦粉的女人》.........................103 譜例目錄 【譜例3-3-1】〈你能失去什麼?〉.....................65 【譜例3-3-2】〈失去想法〉...........................65 【譜例3-3-3】〈組合起來〉...........................67 【譜例3-3-4】〈我們不屬於彼此〉.....................67 【譜例3-3-5】〈第八課〉.............................68 【譜例3-3-6】〈小白花〉.............................70 【譜例3-3-7】〈休假日〉.............................71 【譜例3-3-8】〈星期天與喬治同遊園〉.................72 【譜例3-3-9】〈這裡好熱〉...........................72 【譜例3-3-10】〈組合起來〉..........................73 【譜例3-3-11】〈星期天〉............................73 【譜例3-3-12】〈繼續前進〉..........................73 【譜例4-3-1】〈星期天與喬治同遊園〉.................105 【譜例4-3-2】〈這裡好熱〉...........................106 【譜例4-3-3】〈顏色與光線〉.........................106 【譜例4-3-4】〈光彩七號〉...........................106 【譜例4-3-5】〈畫完帽子〉...........................107 【譜例4-3-5】〈組合起來〉...........................107

    【中文書目】
    邱瑗。《歌舞線上:從倫敦西區而紐約百老匯的音樂劇》。台北:燿文,1997。
    慕羽。《百老匯音樂劇:美國夢和一個恆久的象徵》。台北:大地,2004。
    陳煒智、陳芸芸。《音樂劇史記第一部》。台北:音樂時代文化事業有限公司,2006。
    陳煒智、陳芸芸。《音樂劇史記第二部》。台北:音樂時代文化事業有限公司,2006。
    John Russell,《秀拉》(George Seurat)。張心龍 譯。台北:遠流出版公司,1995。
    【學術論文】
    朱靜美。〈桑坦/普林斯的「概念音樂劇」創作方法之研究〉。行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告,2002。
    【外文書目】
    Bering, Rüdiger. Musicals. New York: Barron’s, 1997.
    Goodhart, Sandor ed. Reading Stephen Sondheim: a collection of critical essays. New York: Garland Pub., 2000.
    Gordon, Joanne. Art Isn’t Easy. New York: Da capo Press, 1990.
    ______,. ed. Stephen Sondheim: a casebook. New York: Garland Pub., 1997.
    Gottfried, Martin. Broadway Musicals. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1980.
    Grant, Mark N. The rise and fall of the Broadway musical. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2004.
    Horowitz, Mark Eden. Sondheim on Music. New York: The Scarecrow Press, 2003.
    Hischak, Thomas S. Word Crazy: Broadway lyricists from Cohan to Sondheim. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1991.
    Kislan, Richard. The musical: A look at the American musical theatre. New York: Applause, 1995.
    Long, Robert Emmet Broadway, the golden years: Jerome Robbins and the great choreographer- director: 1940 to the present.. New York: Continuum, 2001.
    Secrest, Meryle. Stephen Sondheim: A Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998
    Swayne, Steve. How Sondheim found his sound. New York: University of Michigan Press, 2005.
    Taylor, Deems. Some Enchanted Evenings: The Story of Rodgers and Hammerstein. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1953.
    Wenham, Martin. Understanding art: a guide for teachers. London: Paul Chapman Publishing, 2003.
    Zadan, Craig. Sondheim & Co. New York: Da Capo Press, 1986.

    【外文報紙】
    Barnes, Blive. “Stage: ‘Funny Thing’ Happens Again.” The New York Times (March 1972).
    Berstein, Lester. “Theater; Bringing Seurat to Musical Life.” New York Times (April 29, 1984).
    Billington, Michael. “Sunday in the Park with George.” The Guardian (December 2005). http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2005/dec/01/theatre (accessed July 10, 2010).

    _______________. “Sunday in the Park with George.” The Guardian (May 2006). http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2006/may/25/theatre (accessed July 10, 2010).
    Brantley, Ben. “Down by Blue Purple Yellow Red Water.” The New York Times (February 2008). http://theater.nytimes.com/2008/02/22/theater/reviews/22geor.html?pagewanted=1 (accessed July 10, 2010).
    Brown, Chip. “Sondheim!” Smithsonian Magazine (August 2002). http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/sondheim.html (accessed Apr. 10, 2010).
    Freedman, Samuel G. “The words and music of Stephen Sondheim.” The New York Times (Apr. 1984).
    Gardner, Elysa. “Sunday in the Park with George: A masterwork returns.” USA Today (February 2008). http://www.usatoday.com/life/theater/reviews/2008-02-21-sunday-park_N.htm (accessed July 10, 2010).
    Gottfried, Martin. “Flipping Over ‘Follies’.” New York Times (April 1971).
    Lawson, Carol. “Broadway stages soon for Sondheim and Liza Minnelli.” The New York Times (October 1983).
    Marlowe, Sam “Sunday in the Park with George.” The Sunday Times (May 2006). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article725225.ece (accessed July 10, 2010).
    Wolf , Matt.“Sondheim’s ‘Sunday’ in London Beats Broadway Version.” Bloomberg (May 2006). http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aExBtPWj.T8A&refer=culture(accessed July 10, 2010)
    Rich, Frank. “Review/Theater; In a Prison Cell, 2 Men and a Movie Musical”, New York Times (June 1, 1990).
    __________ “Stage view; Sondheim says goodbye to broadway-for now.” The New
    York Times (July 1983).
    Sterritt, David. “Sondheim musical explores an artist’s life and work.” Christian Science Monitor (May, 1984). http://www.csmonitor.com/1984/0503/050311.html (accessed July 7, 2010).
    Taubman, Howard. “Theatre: A Funny Thing Happened…” The New York Times (May 1962).

    【樂譜&有聲資料】
    Sondheim, Stephen. Sunday in the Park with George: Vocal Score. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984.
    Sondheim, Stephen. Sunday in the Park with George, directed DVD. Digital Surround, 1986.

    【網路資訊】
    〈Musicals101.com〉。http://www.musicals101.com/index.html
    〈外百老匯聯盟〉(The Off-Broadway League) http://www.offbroadway.org/index.html
    〈百老匯資料庫IBDB〉(Internet Broadway Database)。
    http://www.ibdb.com/index.php
    〈音樂劇的秘密花園〉。http://web.my8d.net/x29df/index2.html
    〈桑坦參考文獻指南〉(The Stephen Sondheim Reference Guide)
    http://www.sondheimguide.com/

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