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研究生: 葉丞豪
論文名稱: 以理論計算方式探討硫化氫分解與硫氧化反應在純金屬Ni(111)與Pt(111)以及雙金屬Ni@Pt(111)與Pt@Ni(111)表面上的反應機構
Theoretical Studies For The Mechanisms of H2S Dissociation and Sulfur Oxidation on Pure Metal Ni(111) and Pt(111) and Bimetal Ni@Pt(111) and Pt@Ni(111) Surfaces
指導教授: 何嘉仁
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 123
中文關鍵詞: DFT計算Ni(111)Pt(111)SO2H2S
英文關鍵詞: DFT calculation, Ni(111), Pt(111), SO2, H2S
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:154下載:5
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  • 我們使用週期性密度泛函理論來研究燃料電池中受到硫毒化問題以及氧化去硫的反應,含硫物種如硫化氫容易吸附在燃料電池的電極上並造成硫原子和金屬電極的強烈鍵結使得電極遭受毒化降低反應效能,利用添加氧氣去除硫原子形成二氧化硫分子離開是解決辦法之一。我們計算了純金屬Ni(111)和Pt(111)表面上的硫氧化反應中的關鍵步驟:SO2生成反應中的反應能障分別是1.07 eV以及0.41 eV,顯示在Pt(111)表面上去除硫的效果比在Ni(111)表面上好。而近年來越來越多研究指出使用雙金屬觸媒可以達到比純金屬更好的催化效果,我們的結果顯示在Ni@Pt(111)表面上SO2生成的反應能障為1.86 eV而在Pt@Ni(111)表面上僅需要0.13 eV的能障即會生成SO2。因此歸納對於氧化硫生成SO2的反應而言,其反應能力優劣順序為Pt@Ni(111) > Pt(111) > Ni(111) > Ni@Pt(111),最後經由H2S在Pt@Ni(111)表面上分解會呈現吸熱的低毒化能力以及利用高低覆蓋率(或高低壓)的反應測試中都證明了Pt@Ni(111)表面具備更優於純金屬的抗硫性。

    Sulfur, a pollutant well known to poison fuel-cell electrodes, generally comes from S-containing species such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The S-containing species becomes adsorbed on the metal electrodes and leaves atomic S strongly bound to the metal surface. The surface sulfur can be removed typically by oxidation with O2 into gaseous SO2. According to our DFT calculations, oxidation of sulfur at 0.25 ML surface sulfur coverage on pure Pt(111) and Ni(111) metal surfaces is exothermic and the reaction barriers of SO2 formation are 0.41 and 1.07 eV, respectively. Various metals in combination to form bimetallic surfaces are reported to tune the catalytic capabilities toward some reactions. Our results show that it is more difficult to remove surface sulfur from a Ni@Pt(111) surface with reaction barrier 1.86 eV for SO2 formation than from a Pt@Ni(111) surface, 0.13 eV. In summary, our calculated order of reactivity for sulfur oxidation reaction is Pt@Ni(111) > Pt(111) > Ni(111) > Ni@Pt(111) at either 0.25 or 0.11 ML coverage of sulfur. In addition, by calculating H¬2S dissociation on Pt@Ni(111), which display poorly reactivity by the endothermic reaction so that Pt@Ni(111) surface can enhance the sulfur tolerance to the metal electrodes.

    謝誌 i 中文摘要 ii 英文摘要 iii 目錄 iv 第一章 緒論 1 第二章 理論與計算原理 3 §2-1 多電子系統計算上的近似 3 §2-2 Born-Oppenheimer近似(絕熱近似) 4 §2-3 Hartree近似 5 §2-4 Hartree-Fork近似 6 §2-5 密度泛函理論 (Density Function Theory,DFT) 7 §2-5-1 Hohenberg-Kohn theorem 7 §2-5-2 Kohn-Sham method 8 § 2-6 局部密度近似法(Local density function approximation, LDA) 10 § 2-7 廣義梯度近似法(Generalized gradient approximation, GGA) 12 §2-8 空間週期性與布洛赫理論(Bloch Theorem) 14 §2-9 虛位勢 17 第三章 硫氧化反應與硫化氫分解在Ni(111)、Pt(111)、Ni@Pt(111)以及Pt@Ni(111)表面上的反應探討 21 §3-1 前言: 21 §3-2 計算方法: 28 §3-3 結果與討論: 35 §3-3-1硫原子與分子在Pt(111)表面的吸附探討 35 §3-3-2 S、O、O2、SO以及SO2 物種分別在純金屬Ni(111)和Pt(111)以及雙金屬Ni@Pt(111)和Pt@Ni(111)上的吸附探討 42 §3-3-3 硫氧化反應於Ni(111)、Pt(111)、Ni@Pt(111)以及Pt@Ni(111)上的反應機構探討 63 §3-3-3-1 p(2×2)-Ni(111) 63 §3-3-3-2 p(2×2)-Pt(111) 67 §3-3-3-3 p(2×2)-Ni@Pt(111) 70 §3-3-3-4 p(2×2)-Pt@Ni(111) 74 §3-3-4 coverage效應在Pt(111)和Pt@Ni(111)表面上的差異 79 §3-3-5 表面電子結構研究 85 §3-3-6 H2S在雙金屬表面Ni@Pt(111)以及Pt@Ni(111)上的反應 93 §3-3-6-1 H2S、SH以及H在純金屬及雙金屬表面上的吸附 93 §3-3-6-2 H2S在不同表面上之斷鍵反應比較 97 §3-3-6-3 coverage效應在Pt@Ni(111)表面上的差異 102 第四章 總結 104 參考文獻 106 附錄 硫氧化反應於表面上之熱力學性質探討 113

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