研究生: |
黃志賢 Huang Chih Hsien |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
台灣泰雅族國中生數學教學模式之研究-活動理論的探討與實踐 Investigating the mathematical teaching module of TaiwaneseTayal junior high students ---The dialectic and practice of Activity theory |
指導教授: |
林福來
Lin, Fou-Lai |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
數學系 Department of Mathematics |
論文出版年: | 2007 |
畢業學年度: | 95 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 381 |
中文關鍵詞: | 活動理論 、泰雅學生 、紮根理論 、教學模式 |
英文關鍵詞: | Activity theory, Tayal student, ground theory, teaching module |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:426 下載:159 |
分享至: |
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基於個人的教學經驗,以及對原住民教育的關心,研究者以兩年多的時間,在北部一所泰雅學校進行田野研究,整個研究歷程包括「初探性研究」以及「正式研究」兩個階段。
在初探性研究中,研究者察覺到泰雅學校裡存在著「文化差異」的現象,因此,在正式研究階段,則以民族誌及紮根理論為主要研究方法,然後採用觀察、晤談與文件分析等方法蒐集研究資料;並從文化的角度,以活動理論為理論架構,深入理解泰雅社區與泰雅學校之間的文化差異現象,並分析此等差異對於教師教學、師生互動及泰雅學生學習的影響 。目的在於分析影響台灣泰雅族國中生數學學習的文化因素,及據此進一步設計教學活動,以使其能參與數學教學/學習活動。
主要的研究結果包括泰雅學生的數學學習張力、教學實踐的成效及研究方法的創新,分述如下:
一、泰雅學生的數學學習張力
(一)學習動機與價值觀的不同
泰雅學生到學校的動機不是為了習得知識,而是與同儕交易社會關係,明顯與學校教育的動機並不一致。不同的動機,導致教師的教學活動與學生的學習活動,雖然都發生在同一個教室裡,仿佛是兩條平行線。另一方面,動機之不同也導致價值觀:泰雅人的「樂天知命」與漢人的「萬般皆下品,唯有讀書高」的價值衝突。
(二)言說主義表徵系統與文字表徵系統的不同
泰雅學生的思維模式仍以其泰雅文化為本,語言和文字對他們表徵的轉換和思考的模式的影響確實是存在的。這也導致泰雅學生對數學課本裡的語詞與語句理解感到困難。
(三)現在時間觀與未來時間觀的不同
泰雅族的文化信仰是重視當下、「現在導向」的非線性時間觀,其推理思考的條件是建立在可見的現在。因此,泰雅學生較不擅長抽象的思考方式,係其文化信仰的時間觀使然。
(四)整體觀且賦予意義觀與部分觀的不同
泰雅學生「整體觀及意義賦予」的思考方式會先將事物看成一個整體,再根據自身的生活經驗,賦予這個整體一個意義,最後根據這個意義連結部分與整體的關係以進行相關推理思考。由此可知泰雅學生著重整體情境的掌握,不習慣將事物切割成許多細目來做分析。所以,太精準的時間、太精細的計畫、太精確的學習,對泰雅族學生來說,似乎都構成某種無法承受之重。
(五)動態式視覺與靜態式視覺的不同
泰雅學生的另一個思考特色是「動態式視覺」的思考方式,當教材的呈現方式和教師的教學是以「靜態式視覺」的方式呈現,學生並無法理解圖形之間的轉換關係。泰雅學生所習慣的「動態式視覺」思考方式並不是來自於學生認知能力的不足,而是來自於泰雅父母的教養方式。
(六)文化相容脈絡下的學習與文化離間脈絡下的學習的不同
泰雅學生在教室裡經常出現的一個現象是,他們對於學習常常顯得沒有耐性,而且不經思考、衝動地回答問題,因而影響到他們的數學學習成就。其實,泰雅學生並非「衝動而不思考」,在泰雅學生的數學教室裡,與泰雅文化相離間的教材,與生活經驗脫節的情境佈置,才是導致泰雅學生在面對數學問題時,習於「不加思索」地回應,而影響他們的學習產出。
二、教學實踐的成效
本研究的賦權方案是從泰雅文化的精神層面出發,也就是考慮泰雅學生的思考方式與學習式態,配合學生生活經驗可及的活動。進一步發展出「活動導向的教學模式」,使數學學習能融入更多不同文化的思考及表達方式,讓泰雅學生能夠真正建構數學知識。研究結果顯示,只要能引領泰雅學生參與數學活動,能在教學中與學生多些互動,學生的主動參與性反而增加了,就能引發學生主動思考與討論的興趣,而且學生能察覺具體情境中所蘊含的數學概念。但是,傳統的數學教學卻壓抑了泰雅學生的主動性,其結果是學生不僅失去了主動思考與建構的機會,也未能習得數學知識。因此,本計畫將從泰雅學生的學習張力著手,透過程序性反駁學習套件來發展泰雅學生的數學思維與程序流暢及概念理解等數學素養。
三、研究方法的創新
本研究經由教室觀察及訪談,利用紮根理論進行資料分析與歸類,整合並修正Engestr m的活動系統與Leont'ev的活動層次,形成本研究教室活動的分析架構及教學活動的設計架構。我的研究歷程,可以提供一個從事原住民數學教育研究的參考,同時也提供教育研究者去思考實踐導向研究的相關重要議題,以及提供實施實踐導向研究的具體流程。希望藉由我的研究能發揮示範的作用,激發更多原住民教育研究者投入進行不同層面的實踐導向研究,包括教育行政、課程組織、教學現場、以及學校社區等,來理解原住民教育的全貌;為原住民數學教育提供另一條出路;擴展原住民數學教育研究的視野與觀點;同時為原住民學生創造出一個與其文化相容更公平與正義的教育環境。
Based on Activity Theory (AT), I study the Taiwan Tayal students’ mathematical learning tensions from a cultural point of view. Data collected from classroom observations and interviews on Tayal students were analyzed by grounded AT. The results conform the power of AT and its methodology in explaining and identifying the learning tensions within mathematical classroom. Findings indicate that the Tayal students confront more mathematical learning difficulties than non-aboriginal students. The causes are attributed to that Tayal cultural tradition and students' thinking styles are different from those of the current mainstream school system. Among these attributions, the key factor, cultural differences between Han and Atayal cultures, is elucidated in this study.
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