研究生: |
陳冠吉 Chen, Guang-Jee |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
漢語數詞「一」的語法結構及省略規律:以語料庫為本的研究 The Grammatical Structures & Omission Principles of Mandarin Yi 'One': A Corpus-Based Study |
指導教授: |
洪嘉馡
Hong, Jia-Fei |
口試委員: |
許展嘉
Hsu, Chan-Chia 謝佳玲 Hsieh, Chia-Ling 洪嘉馡 Hong, Jia-Fei |
口試日期: | 2022/06/23 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
華語文教學系 Department of Chinese as a Second Language |
論文出版年: | 2022 |
畢業學年度: | 110 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 105 |
中文關鍵詞: | 數詞 、詞性 、省略規律 、語法結構 、語法功能 |
英文關鍵詞: | numeral, part of speech, omission principle, grammatical functions, grammatical structures |
研究方法: | 語料庫研究法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202200787 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:134 下載:25 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
漢語數詞「一」的省略無論是在口語還是書面上都十分常見,這樣的省略現象僅限於「一」。在數詞「一」省略後,我們仍然能透過語言認知得知事物的數量。而即便是漢語母語者也不一定對於漢語數詞「一」的省略有足夠瞭解,對於學習者而言這種省略現象也容易造成學習上的困擾。
本研究透過「中央研究院漢語標記語料庫 4.0」選取了六種不同的語法結構並探討漢語數詞「一」的省略規律及省略後的歧義現象,並且結合前人學者的研究對漢語數詞「一」的詞性及語法功能進行分類及整理。
根據研究結果,漢語數詞「一」在與指代定詞(Nep)搭配的語法結構中省略頻率為最高。在詞性上,現代漢語的「一」除了可以作「數詞」使用外,亦可當「形容詞」以及「副詞」使用。「形容詞」時的「一」主要表達「充滿、全」的概念如:「一臉灰」、而「副詞」的「一」則可表達「一瞬間完成的動作」如:「一轉身」。而古代漢語中作「助詞」或者「連詞」使用的「一」在現代漢語中較為少見。漢語數詞「一」詞性的多元性也影響了其在不同語法結構底下的省略,如詞頭的「一」大多時間無法省略。同時數詞「一」的計數功能在一些語法結構底下也可能被虛化,如:「這一本」、「每一本」。透過語法功能及語法結構,我們可以對漢語數詞「一」的省略有更深入的瞭解,而這些省略規律亦將可提供未來華語教師在教學上一些參考及建議。
The omission of mandarin Yi ‘one’ is commonly found in both written text and spoken language. Though mandarin ‘one’ is omitted, it does not interfere with our interpretations on the quantity of objects. Thus, even a native mandarin speaker may not be able to understand the omission principles of ‘one’, thus causing problem for second language learners.
By using “Sinica Corpus 4.0”, six different types of grammatical structures are chosen in order to discuss the omission of mandarin ‘one’, including topics and discussions made by previous studies.
According to the results of this study, mandarin on is mostly omitted when collocated with determiners (Nep). The part of speech of mandarin ‘one’ includes “numeral”, “adjective”, and “adverb”. The use of mandarin ‘one’ as adjective expresses the concept of “full of, all” such as “yi lian hui” (a face full of dust). When used as “adverb”, mandarin ‘one’ may express how actions are quickly done such as “yi zhuan shen”(turnaround quickly). The use of ‘one’ as “conjunctions” and “particles” during ancient times are less seen in modern Chinese language. Therefore, how mandarin ‘one’ is omitted is also related with its part of speech. For example, mandarin ‘one’ cannot be omitted when it appears first in a statement There are also proofs that when mandarin ‘one’ is collocated with determiners, its expression of “quantity” is weaken. Through grammatical functions and structures, we may have a deeper understanding of how mandarin ‘one is omitted, thus providing a guide and suggestions of future Chinese teaching.
王力(2013)。漢語史稿。王力全集(1)。北京:中華書局。
方緒軍(2000)。現代漢語實詞。張斌編,頁74-75。上海:華東師範大 學出版社。
朱德熙(2007)。語法講義。北京:商務印書館。
徐烈炯、劉丹青(2007)。話題的結構與功能(增訂本)。上海:上海 教育出版社。
何杰(2009)。現代漢語量詞研究。北京:民族出版社。
呂淑湘(1990)。呂淑湘文集。「個」字應用範圍,附論單位詞前 「一」字的脫落。北京:商務印書館。
郭銳(2002)。現代漢語數詞類研究。北京:商務印書館。
張赬(2021)。類型學視野的漢語名量詞演變史。北京:北京大學出 版社。
趙元任(1982)。中國話的文法。丁邦新譯。香港:中文大學出版社。
趙元任(2010)。漢語口語語法,頁256-260。北京:商務印書館。
李艷芝、吳義誠(2018)。量名短語有定解讀的共時與歷時考察。台灣 語言學期刊,16(2)。
邱湘雲(2007)。閩南語和客家話的「量詞」與國語比較。新竹:玄裝 人文學報。
芮晶瑩(2020)。以語料庫為本探討華語名詞「個」之「Num+個+N」 結構。華語文教學研究,17(3),53-82。
陳威佑、鐘曉芳(2017)。反義詞「多」和「少」在數量名結構的不 對稱現象:以語料庫為本的分析。Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing, 22(1), 27-52.
程龍飛(2014)。量度形容詞「多」跟「少」的不對稱現象及認知解釋。 上海:上海師範大學碩士論文。
張惠英(2002)。從「一」用作指示詞、量詞、領屬祝詞、詞頭說 起。 漢語學報,5,95-102。
許實年(2008)。「V一臨時量詞N」結構中「一」的省略予保留。西昌 學院學報,社會科學版,20(1),10-12。
楊曉菁(2019)。對照與建構:中英文量詞結構型態析論。臺北大學 中文學報,26
楊西彬(2006)。一+量詞+NP結構中量詞和「一」的隱現機制。華中 師範大學研究生學報。
劉德馨、呂佳蓉、蔡宜妮(2019)。四字格成語的習語和規律性:以 「以X#Y」為例。清華學報,49(4),683-719。
戴浩一(2007)。中文構詞與句法的概念結構。華語文研究,4(1),1-30。
Cheng, L.-S. and Rint Sybesma. (1998). Yiwan tang, yige tang: Classifiers and Massifier. Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, 28(3), 385-412.
Cheng, L.-S. and Rint Sybesma. (1999). Bare and not-so-bare nouns and the structure of NP. Linguistic Inquiry, 30(4), 504-542.
Dai, W.-W. (2021). On the Syntactic Structure of Chinese Ambiguity Sentences. Open Access Library Journal, 8.
Her, O.-S. (2013). Distinguishing Classifiers and Measure Words: A Mathematical Perspective and Implication. To Appear in Lingua.
Her, O.-S. & Hsieh , C.-T. (2010). On the Semantic Distinction between Classifiers and Measure Words in Chinese. Language and Linguistics, 11(3), 527-551.
Her, O.-S. & Lai. W.-J. (2012). The Many Ways to Profile “one”, A Case Study of Taiwan Mandarin. International Journal of Computer Processing of Oriental Languages, Chinese Language Computer Society & World Scientific Publishing Company, 24(1), 79-94.
Her, O.-S. (2011). Structure of classifiers and measure words: A Lexical Functional Account. Language and Linguistics, 13(6), 1211-1251.
Huang, S.Z. & Peter J. (2014). Nominal Modification in Chinese and Thai. Proceedings of the 31st West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, 227-237.
Keith A. (1977). Classifiers. Language, 53(2), 285-311.
Li & Thompson. (1989). Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Lu, Z. (2015). A Brief Analysis of [V ge N] in Chinese: A construction Grammar Account. Chinese Lexical Semantics, CLSW, Lecture Notes in Computer Sciences, 9322. 599-607.
Mary, W. (2006). Can Numerals Really Block Definite Readings in Mandarin Chinese. On and Off Work, 127-142.
Pornsiri, S. (2002). Thai Classifiers and the Structure of Complex Thai Nominals. Language Institute, Thammasat University.
Tai, H.-Y. (2003). Cognitive Relativism: Resultative Construction in Chinese. Language and Linguistic, 4(2), 201-316.
Tang, C.-C. (1990). Chinese Phrase Structure and the Extended X-bar Theory.
Tang, C.-C. (1993). Chinese de and English’s. Bulletin of the Institute History and Philology, Academia Sinica, 63(4), 733-757.
Tang, C.-C. (2001). On Classifiers in Chinese Phrase Structure. Formal and Semantics.
Tang, C.-C. (2002). A Typological Study of Classifiers. Linguistics Colloquium, Taipei: Academia Sinica.
Tang, C.-C. (2005). Nouns or Classifiers: A Non-movement Analysis of Classifiers in Chinese. Language and Linguistics, 6(3), 431-472.
Yue, H.-T. & Francis B. (2012). Comparing Classifiers use in Chinese and Japanese. 26th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation, 264-271.
Zhang, N. (2009). Syntactic Properties of Numeral Classifiers in Mandarin Chinese.
Zhang, N. (2011). The Constituency of Classifier Constructions in Mandarin Chinese. Taiwan Journal of Linguistic, 9(1), 1-50.
網路資源
中央研究院現代漢語平衡語料庫4.0版本(Sinica Corpus)
http://asbc.iis.sinica.edu.tw/
萌典
https://www.moedict.tw/about.html
臺灣教育部《重編漢語詞典修訂本》
https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/?la=0&powerMode=0