研究生: |
Kenya P Louis Kenya Pearlila Louis |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
Expatriate vs. Locals: A Study of Executive Leadership and Local Development in the Caribbean Hotel Sector Expatriate vs. Locals: A Study of Executive Leadership and Local Development in the Caribbean Hotel Sector |
指導教授: |
張媁雯
Chang, Wei-Wen |
口試委員: |
葉俶禎
Yeh, Chu-Chen 黃美慈 Huang, Mei-tzu 張媁雯 Chang, Wei-Wen |
口試日期: | 2023/06/07 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
國際人力資源發展研究所 Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt |
論文出版年: | 2023 |
畢業學年度: | 111 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 89 |
英文關鍵詞: | Expatriates, Caribbean Hotel Sector, Executive Leadership, Leadership Competencies, Leadership Development |
研究方法: | 紮根理論法 、 半結構式訪談法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202300615 |
論文種類: | 代替論文:專業實務報告(專業實務類) |
相關次數: | 點閱:106 下載:4 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
Executive leadership and development in relation to expatriation have been vastly researched over the years within various industries particularly in Western and Eastern nations. Many scholars have identified the advantages expatriates possess that allows them to be perceived as more suitable for executive positions in multinational companies and by extension the hospitality industry. The Caribbean hotel sector is no exception in regards to having a high representation of expatriates occupying executive roles. The globalization of the Caribbean hotel sector, have provided employment for much of the local populace in various capacities which have also prompted an increase in local employee’s development and advancements initiatives for career progression in the sector. The Caribbean hotel sector, has been heavily criticized for favoring international foreign workers over locals for these roles and as a result, have promoted this research. The study discusses why expatriates are perceived to me more suited than local managers for executive positions by showing the advantages expatriates have over locals in the parameters of critical competency gaps and the cultural influences that exist in the Caribbean region. A qualitative approach was used for this study and data was collected from interviewing 20 participants using three sample groups of executives from different hotels operating in the Caribbean region–international executives, local executives, and human resource practioners. The study also used document reviews as secondary data. The Data analysis was done using open coding and axial coding techniques to formulate aggregate categories for the findings. The study findings identified hotel involvement and government intervention as means of aiding in the development of their local employees in terms of implementing succession planning programs, collaboration with local schools and hospitality associations and proper management of expatriate hiring. Lastly, the study provided practical implications for the hospitality industry, Human Resource practitioners and other developing countries.
Adler, H., & Rigg, J. (2012). Expatriate hotel general managers in Jamaica: Perceptions of human resource, organizational, and operational challenges. Journal of Hotel & Business Management, 01(01). https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0286.1000104
Allianz Partners. (2017, September). Causes of Expatriate Failure in 2022 | Allianz Partners. allianzcare.com. https://www.allianzcare.com/en/employers/business-hub/hr-blogs/2022/09/expat-failure.html#:~:text=Rates%20of%20expatriate%20failure%20vary,an%20important%20role%20in%20this.
Allio, R. J. (2005). Leadership development: teaching versus learning. Management Decision, 43(7/8), 1071–1077. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740510610071
Amagoh, F. (2009). Leadership development and leadership effectiveness. Management Decision, 47(6), 989–999. https://doiorg/10.1108/00251740910966695
Antonakis, J., & Day, D. V. (2018). Leadership: Past, present, and future. The Nature of Leadership, 3–26. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781506395029.n1
Barber, N., & Pittaway, L. (2000). Expatriate recruitment in South East Asia: dilemma or opportunity? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 12(6), 352–359. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110010343530
Bassani, B. (2019). Expatriate managers working in international luxury hotels in China: Analysis of challenges and opportunities, with a lexicographic collection [Master’s thesis Università Ca’Foscari Venezia]. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16676
Bennett, R., Aston, A., & Colquhoun, T. (2000). Cross-cultural training: A critical step in ensuring the success of international assignments. Human Resource Management, 39(2–3), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-050x(200022/23)39:2/3
Bhosale, U. (2022, January 14). How to choose best research methodology for your study. Enago Academy. https://www.enago.com/academy/choose-best-research-methodology/
Brownell, J. (2010). Leadership in the service of hospitality. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(3), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965510368651
Bryant, A., & Charmaz, K. (2007). The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory. SAGE. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281562408_The_SAGE_handbook_of_grounded_theory
Bryman, A., Collinson, D. L., Grint, K., Jackson, B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (2011). The SAGE handbook of leadership (Sage Handbooks) (1st ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Burgess, T. (2021, August 5). International assignment failure and tracking methods. The Forum for Expatriate Management. https://www.forum-expat-management.com/posts/11414-international-assignment-failure-and-tracking-methods
Cabanas, A. (2014, March 5). “Chain” versus “Independent” – A view from an operator of independent hotels. Hospitality Net. https://www.hospitalitynet.org/opinion/4064293.html
Chung-Herrera, B. G., Enz, C. A., & Lankau, M. J. (2003). Grooming future hospitality leaders: A competencies model. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(3), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8804(03)90266-7
Collings, D. G., & Mellahi, K. (2009). Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 19(4), 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.04.001
Cooper, H., Hedges, L. V., & Valentine, J. C. (2009). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis. SAGE Publications. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/9781610441384
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.
Crick, A. P., & Spencer, A. (2011). Hospitality quality: new directions and new challenges. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(4), 463–478. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111111129986
Dai, Y. D., Zhuang, W. L., & Huan, T. C. (2019). Engage or quit? The moderating role of abusive supervision between resilience, intention to leave and work engagement. Tourism Management, 70, 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.07.014
Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., & McKee, R. A. (2014). Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25 years of research and theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.004
Ding, W. (2019). A quantitative study of expatriate hotel managers in mainland China: An exploration of perceived organizational justice as a mediator of local employee job satisfaction and their evaluation of expatriate manager leadership performance. (Publication No. 2768243620) [Doctoral dissertation, Florida International University].
ProQuest Dissertations Publishing
Dong, K., & Liu, Y. (2010). Cross‐cultural management in China. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 17(3), 223–243. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527601011068333
Dowling, P. J., Festing, M., & Engle, A. (2013). International human resource management (6th ed.). Cengage Learning EMEA.
Downes, A. S. (2008). Labour markets and human resource development in the Caribbean. HR Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.14217/9781848590137-3-en
Drotter, S., Charan, R., & Noel, J. L. (2011). The leadership pipeline: How to build the leadership powered company (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Drucker, P. F. (2002). Managing in the next society. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/526465670.pdf
Duval, D. T. (Ed.). (2004). Tourism in the Caribbean. Tourism Social Science Series. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203402696
Fe Causin, G., Ayoun, B., & Moreo, P. (2011). Expatriation in the hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(7), 885–901. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111111167515
Garavan, T. N., O’Brien, F., & O’Hanlon, D. (2006). Career advancement of hotel managers since graduation: a comparative study. Personnel Review, 35(3), 252–280. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480610656685
Groves, K. S. (2006). Leader emotional expressivity, visionary leadership, and organizational change. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 27(7), 566–583. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730610692425
Gupta, V., Surie, G., Javidan, M., & Chhokar, J. (2002). Southern Asia cluster: where the old meets the new? Journal of World Business, 37(1), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1090-9516(01)00071-2
Haile, S., & White, D. (2019). Expatriate failure is an common challenge for multinational cooperation: Turn expatriate failure to expatriate success. International Journal of Business and Public Administration, 16(1), 423–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12147
Harry, W., & Collings, D. G. (2016). Localisation: Societies, organisations and employees. Readings and Cases in International Human Resource Management, 44–60. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315668703-4
Harzing, A. (2001). An analysis of the functions of international transfer of managers in MNCs. Employee Relations, 23(6), 581–598. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450110409248
Henry, B., Butcher, W., Browne, Y., Hinds, M., & Jayawardena, C. (2004). Future human resource challenges in the Caribbean hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(7), 419–423. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110410559113
Hennink, M., Kaiser, B. N., & Marconi, V. C. (2017). Code Saturation Versus Meaning Saturation. Qualitative Health Research, 27(4), 591–608. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732316665344
Hernez-Broome, G., & Hughes, R. L. (2004). Leadership development: Past, present and future. Human Resource Planning, 26(1), 24. https://www.proquest.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/trade-journals/leadership-development-past-present-future/docview/224578876/se-2
Hocking, J., Brown, M., & Harzing, A. W. (2004). A knowledge transfer perspective of strategic assignment purposes and their path-dependent outcomes. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(3), 565–586. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519042000181269
Horng, J., Hsu, H., Liu, C., Lin, L., & Tsai, C. (2011). Competency analysis of top managers in the Taiwanese hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 1044–1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.03.012
Iorgulescu, M. C., & Râvar, A. S. (2014). Expatriate hotel managers’ perspective On cross-cultural skills. SEA – Practical Application of Science; Romanian Foundation for Business Intelligence, Editorial Department, 3, 254–265.
Jayawardena, C. (2002). Challenges in international hospitality management education. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(6), 310–315. https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000005967
Jayawardena, C., & Haywood, K. M. (2003). International hotel managers and key Caribbean challenges. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15(3), 195–198. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110310470284
Johnson, K. C., & Bartlett, K. R. (2013). The role of tourism in national human resource development: a Jamaican perspective. Human Resource Development International, 16(2), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2013.771867
Kay, C., & Russette, J. (2000). Hospitality-management competencies. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 41(2), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/001088040004100217
Kichuk, A., Brown, L., & Ladkin, A. (2019). Talent pool exclusion: the hotel employee perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(10), 3970–3991. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-10-2018-0814
Kingsbury, P. (2011). Sociospatial Sublimation: The Human Resources of Love in Sandals Resorts International, Jamaica. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 101(3), 650–669. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2011.561096
Klenke, K. (2016). Qualitative research in the study of leadership (2nd ed.). Emerald Publishing.
Korstjens, I., & Moser, A. (2017). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 2: Context, research questions and designs. European Journal of General Practice, 23(1), 274–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1375090
Kühlmann, T., & Hutchings, K. (2010). Expatriate assignments vs localization of management in China. Career Development International, 15(1), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431011020871
Kusluvan, Z., Ilhan, I. B., & Buyruk, L. (2010). The human dimension. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965510362871
Leung, K., Wang, Z., & Hon, A. H. (2011). Moderating effects on the compensation gap between locals and expatriates in China: A multi-level analysis. Journal of International Management, 17(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2010.12.002
Lewis-Cameron, A. (2015). Rethinking Caribbean tourism education. Tourism Social Science Series, 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/s1571-504320150000021004
Li, L., & Kleiner, B. H. (2001). Expatriate‐local relationship and organisational effectiveness: a study of multinational companies in China. Management Research News, 24(3/4), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170110782612
Lituchy, T. R., Ford, D., & Punnett, B. J. (2013). Leadership in Uganda, Barbados, Canada and the USA: Exploratory perspectives. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 4(2), 201–222. https://doi.org/10.1108/ajems-may-2012-0030
Lord, R. G., & Hall, R. J. (2005). Identity, deep structure and the development of leadership skill. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(4), 591–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.06.003
Matić, M., Vojinić, P., & Bečić, M. (2016). Differences between domestic and expatriate managers in the Croatian hospitality industry. Ekonomska Istrazivanja-economic Research, 29(1), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2016.1163947
McNulty, Y. (2015). The added value of expatriation. Management for Professionals, 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08186-1_6
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Miao, L., Adler, H., & Xu, X. (2011). A stakeholder approach to expatriate management: Perceptions of hotel expatriate managers in China. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(3), 530–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.08.007
Øgaard, T., Marnburg, E., & Larsen, S. (2008). Perceptions of organizational structure in the hospitality industry: Consequences for commitment, job satisfaction and perceived performance. Tourism Management, 29(4), 661–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.07.006
Osman-Gani, A. M., & Rockstuhl, T. (2009). Cross-cultural training, expatriate self-efficacy, and adjustments to overseas assignments: An empirical investigation of managers in Asia. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(4), 277–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.02.003
Ott, D. L., & Iskhakova, M. (2019). The meaning of international experience for the development of cultural intelligence. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 15(4), 390–407. https://doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-05-2019-0036
Ozdemir, B., & Cizel, R. B. (2007). International hotel manager as an emerging concept: A review of expatriate management literature and a model proposal. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 14(2), 170–187. https://doi.org/10.1375/jhtm.14.2.170
Pattullo, P. (2005). Last resorts: The cost of tourism in the caribbean. Long Range Planning, 30(3), 469. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-6301(97)80936-3
Peretiatko, R. (2008). International human resource management: Managing people in a multinational context. Management Research News, 32(1), 91–92. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910922050
Peterson, R. R., & DiPietro, R. B. (2021). Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perceptions and sentiments of tourism employees: evidence from a small island tourism economy in the Caribbean. International Hospitality Review, 35(2), 156–170. https://doi.org/10.1108/ihr-10-2020-0063
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (2000). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7
Punnett, B., Dick-Forde, E., & Robinson, J. (2006). Effective management and culture: An analysis of three english-speaking Caribbean countries. Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies, 31(2), 44–71.
Punnett, B. J., & Greenidge, D. (2009). Cultural mythology and global leadership in the Caribbean islands. Cultural Mythology and Global Leadership. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848447387.00010
Raybould, M., & Wilkins, H. (2006). Generic skills for hospitality management: A comparative study of management expectations and student perceptions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 13(2), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1375/jhtm.13.2.177
Reynolds, J., & Dolasinski, M. J. (2018). Hotel leadership competencies: Senior executive leader perspectives. Perspectives in Asian Leisure and Tourism, 4, 2. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/palat/vol4/iss1/2
Samuel, R., & Adeniyi, A. (2015). A study of the impact of expatriate managers on local managerial capacity development in emerging markets: The case of Nigeria. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research, 2(5). 1-11. https://journals.rcmss.com/index.php/ijpamr/article/view/541
Staff, C. J. (2022, December 2). The winners of the CJ Caribbean travelers’ choice awards 2022. Caribbean Journal. https://www.caribjournal.com/2022/11/14/caribbean-travelers-choice-awards-winners-2022/
Service, R. W. (2008). Book Review: Corbin, J., and Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Organizational Research Methods, 12(3), 614–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428108324514
Singh, R., Ramdeo, S., Ramgulam, N., & Lewis Rosanne, R. (2019). An investigation into Caribbean hotel employees’ personality, work engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies, 44(1), 23–48. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338585452
Smith, J. (2020, August 4). Goodbye expats. Hello locals. Talent localization as key for business success in APAC. Boyd & Moore Executive Search. https://www.bmes.com/hiring-localization/
Spencer, A. (2016). Tourism and hospitality education in the Caribbean: A comparative Analysis. Journal of Education and Development in the Caribbean, 15(2), 90–110.
Statista. (2022, September 14). Caribbean: direct employment in travel & tourism 2019, by country. https://www.statista.com/statistics/814200/caribbean-direct-contribution-travel-tourism-employment-country/
Suh, E., West, J. J., & Shin, J. (2012). Important competency requirements for managers in the hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 11(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2012.02.005
Tavitiyaman, P., Weerakit, N., & Ryan, B. (2014). Leadership competencies for hotel general managers: The differences in age, education, and hotel characteristics. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 15(2), 191–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2014.901069
Terrell, S. R. (2015). Writing a proposal for your dissertation: Guidelines and examples (1st ed.). The Guilford Press.
Tesone, D. V. (2004). Whole brain leadership development for hospitality managers. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(6), 363–368. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110410550806
Testa, M. R., & Sipe, L. (2012). Service-leadership competencies for hospitality and tourism management. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 648–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.08.009
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2008). Hospitality Net. https://www.hospitalitynet.org/organization/17001427.html
Vakil, T. (2021, November 2). Developing leaders vs. leadership development. New Age Leadership. https://newageleadership.com/developing-leaders-vs-leadership-development/
Vardiman, P. D., Houghton, J. D., & Jinkerson, D. L. (2006). Environmental leadership development. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 27(2), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730610646606
Whittemore, R., Chase, S. K., & Mandle, C. L. (2001). Validity in qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research, 11(4), 522–537. https://doi.org/10.1177/104973201129119299
Williams, J. F., & Winston, M. D. (2004). Leadership competencies and the importance of research methods and statistical analysis in decision making and research and publication: A study of citation patterns. Library Information Science Research, 25(4), 387–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0740-8188(03)00050-1
Yang, L. T. G., Partlow, C. G., Anand, J., & Shukla, V. (2014). Assessing the competencies needed by hospitality management graduates in India. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 26(4), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2014.959963
Yu, L., & Huat, G. S. (1995). Perceptions of management difficulty factors by expatriate hotel professionals in China. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 14(3–4), 375–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4319(95)00044-5