簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 林佳玲
Chia-Ling Lin
論文名稱: 夫妻依附風格、衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度之相關研究
Attachment Styles, Conflict-Coping Strategies and Marital Satisfaction in Married Couples
指導教授: 林家興
Lin, Chia-Hsin
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 教育心理與輔導學系
Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling
論文出版年: 2000
畢業學年度: 88
語文別: 中文
中文關鍵詞: 依附風格衝突因應策略婚姻滿意度夫妻內在運作模式
英文關鍵詞: attachment style, conflict-coping strategy, marital satisfaction, couple, internal working model
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:447下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 中 文 摘 要
    本研究旨在探討夫妻依附風格、衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度之間的關係。以台灣北部地區(新竹以北)十所小學的學生家長共299對夫妻為研究對象。本研究採問卷調查法進行資料收集,所使用的工具包括「親密關係體驗量表」、「婚姻因應量表」與「婚姻滿意量表」。調查所得的資料分別以列聯相關、單因子多變項變異數分析、單因子變異數分析、典型相關分析等統計方法進行處理。本研究主要發現如下:
    一、夫妻依附風格現況與配對情形
    國內夫妻依附風格以安全依附型較多,約佔32.3%,其次為焦慮依附型,佔29.4%。丈夫依附風格與妻子依附風格之間有列聯相關存在,亦即安全依附型傾向與安全依附型配對,焦慮依附型也傾向與焦慮依附型配對,害怕依附型與放棄依附型亦傾向與不安全依附型配對。而夫妻依附風格配對情形,以雙方皆是安全依附型的配對較多,佔17.4%。
    二、夫妻在衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度的差異情形
    在衝突因應策略方面,丈夫與妻子在衝突因應策略上有顯著差異。其中差異主要來自「爭執」、「自我責備」、「正向回應」、「自我興趣」與「尋求社會支持」,亦即丈夫比妻子更常採取「正向回應」與「自我興趣」因應婚姻衝突,而妻子則比丈夫更常採取「爭執」、「自我責備」與「尋求社會支持」策略。
    在婚姻滿意度方面,丈夫與妻子在婚姻滿意度上有顯著差異。其中差異主要來自「心理面滿意」,亦即丈夫在「心理面」的婚姻滿意度高於妻子。
    三、不同依附風格夫妻在衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度的差異情形
    在衝突因應策略方面,不同依附風格丈夫與妻子在衝突因應策略上均有顯著差異。其中差異主要均來自「爭執」、「自我責備」、「正向回應」、「逃避」,而不同依附風格丈夫在「自我興趣」、「尋求社會支持」亦有顯著差異。
    在婚姻滿意度方面,不同依附風格丈夫與妻子在婚姻滿意度均有顯著差異。其中差異主要均來自「生理面滿意」、「經濟面滿意」、「心理面滿意」、「社會面滿意」與「哲學面滿意」。
    四、不同依附風格配對夫妻在衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度的差異情形
    在衝突因應策略方面,不同依附風格配對之丈夫與妻子在衝突因應策略上均有顯著差異。其中差異主要均來自「爭執」、「自我責備」、「正向回應」與「逃避」。
    在婚姻滿意度方面,不同依附風格配對之丈夫與妻子在婚姻滿意度上均有顯著差異。其中差異主要均來自「生理面滿意」、「經濟面滿意」、「心理面滿意」、「社會面滿意」與「哲學面滿意」。
    五、夫妻衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度的關係
    (一) 丈夫衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度兩組變項之間有三組顯著的關係組型。三組關係組型分別為:
    1.愈少採取「爭執」、「自我責備」、「逃避」策略越多,「正向回應」
    策略,其「生理面」、「經濟面」、「社會面」、「心理面」與「哲學
    面」婚姻滿意度會愈低。
    2.愈常採取「爭執」、「自我責備」、「正向回應」、「尋求社會支持」
    策略,其「社會面」婚姻滿意度會愈低。
    3.愈常採取「爭執」、「尋求社會支持」策略,愈少採取「逃避」策略,
    其「生理面婚姻滿意度會愈低。
    (二)妻子衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度兩組變項之間有兩組顯著的關係組型。兩組關係組型分別為:
    1.愈常採取「爭執」、「自我責備」、「逃避」策略,愈少採取「正向回
    應」策略,其「生理面」、「經濟面」、「社會面」、「心理面」與
    「哲學面」婚姻滿意度會愈低。
    2.愈常採取「爭執」、「自我責備」、「正向回應」策略,其「經濟
    面」、「社會面」婚姻滿意度會愈低。
    最後,研究者依據本研究結果加以討論,並提出具體建議,以應用在婚姻諮商與兩性教育方面,並作為未來研究之參考。

    Attachment Styles, Conflict-Coping Strategies and Marital
    Satisfaction in Married Couples
    Chia-Ling Lin
    Abstract
    The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among spouses' attachment styles, conflict-coping strategies, and marital satisfaction. The sample was composed of 299 married couples living in the northern parts of Taiwan and having primary school-age children. Instruments used in this study were ”Experiences in Close Relationship Inventory”, “The Marital Coping Inventory”, and “Marital Satisfaction Inventory”. Data obtained were analyzed by contingency coefficient, One-way MANOVA, ANOVA and Canonical correlation. The major findings were as follows:
    1. The relationship between spouse’s attachment styles
    The result of contingency coefficient analysis revealed that husbands’ attachment style was significantly associated with wives’ attachment style. Secure participants tended to pair with secure partners and vice versa . The same was applicable to the preoccupied, fearful, as well as dismissing attachments. Among all types of pairing, the pairs of secure husbands and secure wives were most common, claiming a leading percentage of 17.4%.
    2. Differences between husbands and wives regarding their
    conflict-coping strategy and marital satisfaction
    Data analysis indicated significant sex differences for conflict-coping strategy. The differences were evident in forms of conflict, introspective self-blame, positive approach, self-interest and seeking social support. Simply put, husbands reported greater use of positive approach and self-interest than did wives. Moreover, wives reported greater use of conflict, introspective self-blame, and seeking social support than did husbands.
    As for marital satisfaction, husbands tended to be more satisfied than their wives for psychological aspects of marriage.
    3. Difference among attachment styles regarding the conflict-
    coping strategies and marital satisfaction
    Results of the one-way MANOVA revealed that husbands and wives with different attachment styles were significantly different on conflict-coping strategies. Major differences lied in conflict, introspective self-blame, positive approach and avoidance. And there were differences on self-interest and seeking social support by husband with different attachment styles.
    Results of the one-way MANOVA revealed that husbands and wives with different attachment styles were significantly different on marital satisfaction. Primary variations were of physical, economic, psychological, social, and philosophical aspects of marriage.
    4. Differences among attachment styles pairing couples on the
    conflict-coping strategies and marital satisfaction
    Results of the one-way MANOVA revealed that husbands and wives paired with different attachment styles were significantly different on conflict-coping strategies. Major differences range from conflict, introspective self-blame, positive approach and avoidance.
    Results of the one-way MANOVA revealed that husbands and wives paired with different attachment styles were significantly different on marital satisfaction. Primary variations were of physical, economic, psychological, social, and philosophical aspects of marriage.
    5. The Relationships between conflict-coping strategy and
    marital satisfaction
    There are three canonical roots for husbands:
    a. Husbands using more conflict, introspective self-blame and
    avoidance, less positive approach, enjoy less satisfaction
    in their physical, economic, social, psychological, and
    philosophical aspects of marriage.
    b. Husbands using more conflict, introspective self-blame,
    positive approach, and seeking social support enjoy less
    satisfaction in their social aspects of marriage.
    c. Husbands involving themselves more in conflicts and social
    supports and less in avoidance tend to get less physical satisfaction with their spouses.
    There are two canonical roots for wives:
    a. Wives using more conflict, introspective self-blame and
    avoidance, less positive approach, enjoy less satisfaction
    in their physical, economic, social, psychological,and
    philosophical aspects of marriage.
    b. Wives using methods like conflict, introspective self-blame,
    and positive approach enjoy less satisfaction in both
    economic and social aspects of the marriages.
    Lastly, based on the above results, relevant implications were discussed and suggestions for the counseling services as well as future research were presented.

    目 錄 中文摘要 英文摘要 第一章 緒論 …….…………………………………………………1 第一節 研究動機與目的 ………………………………………1 第二節 研究問題與假設 ………………………………………7 第三節 名詞釋義 ………………………………………………9 第二章 文獻探討 ……………………………………………… 12 第一節 依附的理論基礎與相關研究 ……………………… 12 第二節 衝突因應策略的理論基礎與相關研究 …………… 30 第三節 婚姻滿意度的內涵與相關研究 …………………… 36 第四節 依附風格、衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度之相關研究42 第三章 研究方法 …………………………………………………50 第一節 研究架構 …………………………………………… 50 第二節 研究對象 …………………………………………… 52 第三節 研究工具 …………………………………………… 55 第四節 實施程序 …………………………………………… 66 第五節 資料處理 …………………………………………… 67 第四章 研究結果與討論 …………………………………………68 第一節 夫妻依附風格現況與配對分析 …………………… 68 第二節 夫妻在衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度之差異分析 … 73 第三節 不同依附風格夫妻在衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度之差異 分析 ………………………………………………… 82 第四節 不同依附風格配對夫妻在衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度之 差異分析 ……………………………………………100 第五節 夫妻衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度之相關分析 ……123 第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………… 137 第一節 結論 ……………………………………………………137 第二節 研究限制 ………………………………………………145 第三節 建議 ……………………………………………………147 參考文獻……………………………………………………………153 中文部份 ……………………………………………………… 153 英文部份 ……………………………………………………… 156 附錄一 「親密關係體驗量表」原編者同意修訂函 …………169 附錄二 「婚姻滿意度量表」原編者同意修訂書 ……………170 附錄三 「親密關係體驗量表」項目分析結果 ………………171 附錄四 「親密關係體驗量表」驗證式因素分析結果 ………173 附錄五 「婚姻因應量表」項目分析結果 ……………………174 附錄六 「婚姻因應量表」驗證式因素分析結果 ……………177 附錄七 「婚姻滿意度量表」項目分析結果 …………………179 附錄八 「婚姻滿意度量表」驗證式因素分析結果 …………181 附錄九 研究工具 …………………………………………… 182 附錄十 導師協助事項說明 ………………………………… 197 附 表 目 錄 表2-1-1 嬰兒依附風格與特徵 …………………………………13 表2-1-2 依附和成人浪漫愛相似特質對照表 …………………18 表2-1-3 國內外成人依附風格分配情形對照表 ………………22 表2-1-4 國外常用成人依附測量工具 …………………………28 表2-2-1 衝突因應策略測量工具 ………………………………35 表3-2-1 有效樣本人數分配 ……………………………………52 表3-2-2 有效樣本個人資料分析摘要表 ………………………53 表3-2-3 有效樣本家庭背景資料分析摘要表 …………………54 表4-1-1 四種依附風格的人數分配 ……………………………68 表4-1-2 四種依附風格夫妻配對的人數分配 …………………70 表4-2-1 夫妻在衝突因應策略各分量表的平均數與標準差 …73 表4-2-2 夫妻衝突因應策略單因子多變項變異數分析摘要表 74 表4-2-3 夫妻衝突因應策略單因子變異數分析摘要表 ………75 表4-2-4 夫妻在婚姻滿意度各分量表的平均數與標準差 ……78 表4-2-5 夫妻婚姻滿意度單因子多變項變異數分析摘要表 …78 表4-2-6 夫妻婚姻滿意度單因子變異數分析摘要表 …………79 表4-3-1 不同依附風格丈夫在衝突因應策略各分量表的平均數 與標準差 …………………………………………… 82 表4-3-2 不同依附風格丈夫衝突因應策略單因子多變項變異數 分析摘要表 ………………………………………83 表4-3-3 不同依附風格丈夫衝突因應策略單因子變異數分析 摘要表 ……………………………………………84 表4-3-4 不同依附風格妻子在衝突因應策略各分量表的平均數與 標準差 ……………………………………………86 表4-3-5 不同依附風格妻子衝突因應策略單因子多變項變異數 分析摘要表 ………………………………………86 表4-3-6 不同依附風格妻子衝突因應策略單因子變異數分析 摘要表 ……………………………………………87 表4-3-7 不同依附風格丈夫在婚姻滿意度各分量表的平均數與 標準差…………………………………………… 92 表4-3-8 不同依附風格丈夫婚姻滿意度單因子多變項變異數 分析摘要………………………………………… 92 表4-3-9 不同依附風格丈夫婚姻滿意度單因子變異數分析 摘要表…………………………………………………93 表4-3-10 不同依附風格妻子在婚姻滿意度各分量表的平均數與 標準差…………………………………………… 95 表4-3-11 不同依附風格妻子婚姻滿意度單因子多變項變異數分析 摘要表 ……………………………………………95 表4-3-12 不同依附風格妻子婚姻滿意度單因子變異數分析 摘要表…………………………………………………96 表4-4-1 不同依附風格配對之丈夫在衝突因應策略各分量表的 平均數與標準差 ……………………………… 101 表4-4-2 不同依附風格配對之丈夫衝突因應策略單因子多變項 變異數分析摘要表 …………………………… 102 表4-4-3 不同依附風格配對之丈夫衝突因應策略單因子變異數 分析摘要表 …………………………………… 103 表4-4-4 不同依附風格配對之妻子在衝突因應策略各分量表的 平均數與標準差 ……………………………… 105 表4-4-5 不同依附風格配對之妻子衝突因應策略單因子多變項 變異數分析摘要表 …………………………… 106 表4-4-6 不同依附風格配對之妻子衝突因應策略單因子變異數 分析摘要表 …………………………………… 107 表4-4-7 不同依附風格配對之丈夫在婚姻滿意度各分量表的平均 數與標準差 …………………………………… 111 表4-4-8 不同依附風格配對之丈夫婚姻滿意度單因子多變項變異 數分析摘要表 ………………………………… 112 表4-4-9 不同依附風格配對之丈夫婚姻滿意度單因子變異數分析 摘要表 ………………………………………… 113 表4-4-10 不同依附風格配對之妻子在婚姻滿意度各分量表的平均 數與標準差 …………………………………… 116 表4-4-11 不同依附風格配對之妻子婚姻滿意度單因子多變項變異 數分析摘要表 ………………………………… 117 表4-4-12 不同依附風格配對之妻子婚姻滿意度單因子變異數分析 摘要表 ………………………………………… 118 表4-5-1 丈夫的X組變項(衝突因應策略)與Y組變項(婚姻滿 意度)之積差相關矩陣 ……………………… 123 表4-5-2 丈夫的X組變項(衝突因應策略)與Y組變項(婚姻滿 意度) 之典型因素組型及典型相關分析摘要表124 表4-5-3 妻子的X組變項(衝突因應策略)與Y組變項(婚姻滿 意度)之積差相關矩陣 ……………………… 129 表4-5-4 妻子的X組變項(衝突因應策略)與Y組變項(婚姻滿 意度)之典型因素組型及典型相關分析摘要表130 附 圖 目 錄 圖2-1-1 內在運作模式的機轉 …………………………………15 圖2-1-2 不同內在運作模式的四種依附風格 …………………20 圖2-2-1 衝突處理模式 …………………………………………32 圖3-1-1 研究架構圖 ……………………………………………50 圖4-5-1 丈夫衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度之典型相關結構圖128 圖4-5-2 妻子衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度之典型相關結構圖133

    中文部份
    王以燕(民80);我國台灣地區社會環境與家庭結構變遷之探討:自
    光復至今。國立台灣師範大學家政教育研究所碩士論文。
    王行(民86):台灣地區已婚男性對夫妻性別角色觀念之研究。東吳社
    會工作學報,3期,47-78頁。
    王慶福(民84);大學生愛情關係徑路模式之分析研究。國立彰化師範
    大學輔導研究所博士論文。
    內政統計通報(民89):台閩地區八十八年離婚對數與粗離婚率。網
    址:http://www.moi.gov.tw/W3/stat。
    伊慶村(民80):台北地區婚姻調適的一些初步研究發現。國家科學委
    員會研究彙刊:人文與社會一卷,二期,151-173頁。
    行政院主計處(民86):中華民國八十六年台灣地去國民生活狀況調查。
    吳嘉瑜(民85):衝突原因、處理方式對愛情關係的影響-以焦慮依附
    型大學生為例。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
    李良哲(民84):衝突因應行為決定因素歷程模式之驗證研究。行政院
    國家委員會專題研究計畫成果報告(NSC 84-2413-H-004-010)
    李瑞玲、黃慧貞、林淑梨和王若蘭譯(民88):脆弱的關係:從玫瑰
    戰爭到親密永久的婚姻。台北:張老師出版社。
    李銀河(民85):北京市婚姻質量的調查與分析。現代化專刊,6卷,
    25-31頁。
    利翠珊(民84):夫妻互動歷程之探討:以台北地區年輕夫妻為例的一
    項初探性研究。本土心理學研究,4期,260-321頁。
    林生傳(民79): 教育社會學。高雄:復文書局。
    林秀娟(民88):南區大學生依附類型與其性知識、性態度、性行為
    之關係研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
    林松齡(民86): 台灣中部地區已婚婦女之婚姻品質的決定因素:一
    個社會學理論的解釋。台大社會學刊,25期,179-220頁。
    邱秀貞(民76):夫妻溝通與婚姻滿足之研究。私立東海大學社會工
    作研究所碩士論文。
    邱碧慧(民83):不同依附類型的成人在人際互動中的歸因差異。私立
    中原大學心理研究所碩士論文。
    張青惠(民85):八位離婚女性離婚歷程之分析研究-由依賴婚姻走向
    獨立生活。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
    曹中瑋(民73):自我狀態、夫妻溝通型態與婚姻滿意度之相關研究。
    國立台灣師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
    莊訓當(民85):國中已婚教師婚姻滿意度相關因素及其調適之研究。
    國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
    劉惠琴(民85):女性主義觀點看夫妻衝突與影響歷程。「健康的婚姻
    觀」研討會,17-53頁。
    陳明君(民80):家庭決策、夫妻溝通之自我開放程度與婚姻滿意度之
    相關研究。私立文化大學家政研究所碩士論文。
    陳明穗(民74):家庭型態、夫妻知覺一致性與婚姻滿足之關係研究。
    國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
    陳志賢(民87):婚姻信念、婚姻溝通與婚姻滿意度之相關研究。國
    立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
    單小琳(民79):教師的社會支持及其相關因素之探討。台北市立師範
    學院學報,21期,123-154頁。
    曾文志(民85):成年早期婚姻親密量表之編製及影響婚姻親密之因
    素探討。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
    黃于娟(民83):性別、依附風格與自我坦露、幽默、撒嬌之關係。國
    立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文。
    黃鈴喬(民87):不同依附風格夫妻之關係期望、婚姻溝通與婚姻調
    適之關係研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
    黃慧鶯譯(民84): 攜手造就愛情。台北:遠流出版社。
    楊雅惠(民84):婚姻衝突現象與因應歷程之研究。國立台灣師範大學
    教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
    劉瓊瑛、黃漢耀、魯宓和馬英譯(民89):回家:結構派大師說家族治
    療的故事。台北:張老師出版社。
    樊雪梅譯(民88):親密陌生人:婚姻治療。台北:五南出版社。
    鄭居安(民84):成人依附量表之編制。私立高雄醫學院行為科學研
    究所碩士論文。
    謝秀芬(民86):現代婦女的家庭價值觀與家庭期待之研究。東吳社會
    工作學報,3期,1-46頁。
    謝銀沙(民81): 已婚婦女個人特質、婚姻溝通與婚姻調適相關研究。
    國立台灣師範大學家政教育研究所碩士論文。
    蔡秀玲(民86):大學男女學生依附關係、個體化與適應之相關研究。
    國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
    蘇建文(民82):幼兒與母親間依附關係與其學校社會能力表現之研
    究。花師幼兒教育學報,2期,263-292頁。
    蘇建文、丁心平、許錦雲(民79):陌生情境中嬰兒行為及其依附類型
    研究初探。師大教育心理學報,23期,49-70頁。
    龔美娟(民83):母親的依附經驗與其教養方式及子女安全依附之研
    究。國立台灣師範大學家政教育研究所碩士論文。
    英文部份
    Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachment beyond infancy,
    American Psychologist, 44(4), 709-716.
    Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E., & Wall,S.
    (1978).Patterns of attachment. A psychological study of the
    Strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
    Bahr, S. J. (1989). Family interactuon. New York:Macmillan
    publishing. Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoidance of intimacy:
    An attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal
    Relationships, 7, 147-178.
    Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles
    among young adults: A test of four-category model. Journal
    of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-244.
    Bartholomew, K., & Shaver, R. S. (1998). Methods of assessing
    adult attachment: Do they converge? In J. A. Simpson & W.
    S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationship.
    New York: Guildford.
    Berman, W. H., Marcus L., & Berman E. R. (1994). Attachment in
    marital relations. In M. B. Sperling & W. H. Berman(Eds.),
    Attachment in Adults(pp. 204-231). New York: Guilford.
    Berscheid, E. (1983). Emotion. In H. H. kelley, E. Berscheid,
    A.Christensen, J. Harvey, T. Huston, G. Levinger, E.
    McClintock, L. A. Pelau & D. Peterson (Eds.), Close
    Relationships(pp. 110-168). San Francisco: Freeman.
    Billings, Andrew, G., & Moos, R. H. (1981). The role of coping
    responses and social resources in attenuating the stress of
    life events. Journal of behavioral Medicine, 4, 139-157.
    Blake, R. L., & Vandiver, T. A. (1988). The association of
    healrh with stressful life change, social supports, and
    coping. Family Practice Research Journal, 7(4), 205-217.
    Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss:Vol. 1. Attachment. New
    York:Basic Books.
    Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss:Vol. 2. Seperation:
    Anxiety and anger. New York:Basic Books.
    Bowlby, J. (1979). The making and Breaking of Affectional
    Bonds. London: Tavistock.
    Bowman, M. L. (1990). Coping efforts and marital satisfaction:
    Measuring marital coping and its correlates. Journal of
    Marriage and the Family, 52, 463-474.
    Bradbury, T. N., & Fincham, F. O. (1990). Attributions in
    marriage:review and critique. Psychological Bulletin, 1, 3-
    33.
    Brennan, K. A., Clark C. L. & Shaver, P. R.(1998). Self-report
    measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview.
    In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes(Eds.), Attachment theory
    and close relationship. New York: Guildford.
    Brennan, K. A., & Shaver P. R. (1990). Dimensions of adult
    attachment and the dynamics of romatic relationships. State
    University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
    Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and
    prospect. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child
    Development, 50, 3-35.
    Bretherton, I. , & Waters, E. (1985). Growing points of
    Attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society
    for Research in Child Development, 50, 1-2.
    Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F. & Weintraub, J. K. (1989).
    Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based
    approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56,
    267-283.
    Christensen, A., & Heavey, C. L. (1990). Gender and social
    structure in the demand/withdraw pattern of marital
    conflict. Journal of personality and Social Psychology,
    59,1,73-81.
    Christensen, A., & Pasch, L. (1993). The sequence of marital
    conflict:An analysis of seven phases of marital conflict
    in distressed and nondistressed couples. Clinical
    Psychology Review, 13(1), 3-14.
    Christensen, A., & Shemk, J. L. (1991). Communication,
    conflict, and psychological distance in nondistressed,
    clinic, and divorcing couples. Journal of Counsulting and
    Clinical Psychology, 59, 3, 458-463.
    Cohen, C. E. (1981). Person categories and social perception:
    Testing some boundaries of the processing effects of prior
    knowledge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
    40, 441-452.
    Cohn, D. A., Sliver, D. H., Cowan, C. P., Cowman, P. A., &
    Pearson, J. (1992). Working models of childhood attachment
    and couple relationships. Journal of Family Issues, 13, 432-
    449.
    Coleman, J. C. (1988). Intimate relationships, marriage, and
    family(2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan publishing.
    Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working
    models, and relationship quality in dating couples.
    Journalof Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644-663.
    Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1994). Cognitive representation
    of adult attachment:The structure and function of working
    model. In K. Batholomew & D. Perlman(Eds.), Attachment
    processes in adulthood(pp. 53-59). London:Jessica
    Kingsley.
    Creath, M. K. (1994). The relationship of attachment styles to
    working models and behaviors in marriage. The University
    North Texas. Deutsch, H. (1973). Conflicts:productive and
    destructive. In Jandt, F. E. (Eds.), Conflict resolution
    through communication. New York:Harper & Row, Publishers.
    Egeland, B. & Farber, E. (1984). Infant-mother attachment :
    Factors related to its development and change over time.
    Child Development, 55, 753-771.
    Ender, N. S. & Parker, J. D. A. (1990). Multidimensional
    assessment of coping: A critical evaluation. Journal of
    Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 844-854.
    Ewing, K. J.(1994). The Role of Adult Rimantic Attachment in
    Marital Communication. Wilfrid Laurier University,
    Dissertation Abstracts, AAC MM 95839.
    Feeney, J. A. (1994). Attachment styles, communication
    patterns, and satisfaction across the life cycle of
    marriage. Personal Relationships, 2,143-159.
    Feeney, J, A. (1999). Adult romatic attachment and couple
    relationships, In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver(Eds.), Handbook
    of attachment(pp. 355-377). New York: Guilford.
    Feeney, J. A., & Noller, P. (1990). Attachment styles as a
    predictor of romantic relationships. Journal of Personality
    and Social Psychology, 58, 281-291.
    Feeney, J. A., Noller, P., & Callan, V. J. (1994). Attachment
    style, communication and satisfaction in the early years of
    marriage. In K. Batholomew & D. Perlman(Eds.), Attachment
    processes in adulthood(pp. 269-308). London:Jessica
    Kingsley.
    Finkel, J. S., & Hansen, F. J. (1992). Correlates of
    restrospective marital satisfaction in long-lived marriage:
    A social constructivist perspectives. Family Therapy, 19, 1-
    16.
    Fiske, S. T. & Pavelchak, M. A. (1986). Category-based versus
    piecemeal-based affective responses: Developments in schema-
    triggered affect. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins
    (Eds.), Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations
    of Social Behavior(pp. 167-203). New York: Guilford Press.
    Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be
    a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages
    of college examination. Journal of Personality and Social
    Psychology, 48(1). 150-170.
    Fowers, B. J. (1991). His and her marriage: A multivariate
    study of gender and marital satisfaction. Sex Roles, 24,
    209-221.
    Gelles, R. J. (1995). Contemporary families: a sociological
    view. London:Stage Publications.
    George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1985). The Berkeley Adult
    Attachment Interview. Unpublished protocol, University of
    California, Berkeley.
    Glick, B. & Gross, S. (1975). Marital Interaction and Marital
    conflict: A critical evaluation of current research
    strategies. Journal of Marriage and Family, 37, 505-512.
    Gick, B. & Gross, S. (1975). Marital interaction and marital
    conflict: A critical evaluation of current research
    strategies. Journal of Marriage and Family, 37, 505-512.
    Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory
    and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
    Press.
    Glenn, N. D. (1990). Quantitative research on marital quality
    in the 1980s: A critical review. Journal of Marriage and
    the Family, 52, 832-843.
    Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (1988). The social
    psychophysiology of Marriage. In P. Noller & M. A.
    Fitzpatrick(Eds.), Perspectives on marital interaction(pp.
    182-202). Clevedon, Avon, England: Multilingual Matters.
    Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). The metaphysics of
    measurement: The case of adult attachment. In K.
    Bartholomew & D. Perlman(Eds.), Attachment processes in
    adulthood. (pp. 17-52). London:Jessica Kingsley.
    Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized
    as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social
    Psychology, 52, 511-524.
    Hinchliffe, M. (1991). Working with couples in crisis. In D.
    Hoper & W. Dryden(Eds.), Couple therapy:A handbook . Open
    University Press. Hocker, J. L., & Wilmot,W. W. (1991).
    Interpersonal conflict (3rd ed.). Wm.C.Brown Punblishers.
    Holmes, J. (1993). John Bowlby and Attachment Theory. New York/
    London:Guilford press.
    Jacobson, N. S. (1983). Beyond empiricism: The politivs of
    marital therapy. American Journal of Family therapy, 11, 11-
    24.
    Jacobson, N. S. (1989). The politics of intimacy. Behavior
    Therapist, 12, 29-32.
    Johnson, D. W. & Johnson, F. P. (1987). Joining together.
    Prentice Hall, Inc.
    Karney, B. R., Bradbury, T. N., Fincham, F. D., & Wullivan, K.
    T. (1994). The role of negative affectivity in the
    association between attributions and marital satisfaction.
    Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 66, 413-424.
    Karney, B. R., Bradbury, T. N. Fincham, F. D., & Sullivan, K.
    T. (1994). The Role of negative affectivity in the
    association between attributions and Marital satisfaction.
    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 413-424.
    Kelley, H. H. (1979). Personal relationships: Their structures
    and processes. Hillsdale, New York: Erlbaum.
    Killmann, R., & Thomas, K. (1975). Interpersonal conflict:
    Handing behavior as reflections of Jungian personality
    dinensions. Psychological Reports, 37, 971-980.
    Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Davis, K. E. (1994). Attachment style,
    gender, and relationship stability: A logitudinal analysis.
    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 502-512.
    Kobak, R. R., & Duemmler, S. (1994). Attachment and
    conversation : Toward a discourse analysis of adolrscent
    and adult security. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman(Eds.),
    Attachment processes in adulthood. (pp. 121-149). London:
    Jessica Kingsley.
    Kobak, R. R., & Hazan, C. (1991). Attachment in marriage:
    Effects of security and accuracy of working models. Journal
    of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 861-869.
    Kobak, R. R., & Sceery, A. (1988). Attachment in late
    adolescent : working models, affect regulation, and
    representation of self and others. Child Development, 59,
    135-146.
    Komarovsky, M. (1976). Dilemmas of masculinity. New York:
    Norton. Kotler, T. & Omodei, M. (1988). Attachment and
    emotional health: a life Span approach. Human Relations,
    41, 619-640.
    Koren, P., & Carlton, K. (1980). Marital conflict:relations
    among behaviors outcomes, and distress. Journal of
    Consulting and Clinical psychology, 48(4), 460-468.
    Kurduk, L. A. (1995). Predicting changes in martial
    satisfaction from husbands’ and wives’ conflict
    resolution styles. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57,
    153-164.
    Latty-Mann H., & Davis K. E. (1996). Attachment theoy and
    partner choice: Preference and actuality. Journal of Social
    and Personal Relationships, 13(1), 5-23.
    Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and
    coping. New York: Springer.
    Lee, L. J. (1995). Age and sex differences in marital coping
    behavior. The Journal of National Chengchi University, 70,
    117-134.
    Levy, M. B., & Davis, K. E. (1988). Love styles and attachment
    styles compares:Their relations to each other and to
    various relationship characteristics. Journal of Social and
    Personal Relationships, 5, 439-471.
    Lloyd, S. (1990). Conflict types and strategies in violent
    marriages. Journal of Family Violence, 5(4), 269-284.
    Lussier, Y., & Sabourin S., & Turgeon C. (1997). Coping
    strategies as Moderators of the relationship between
    attachment and marital adjustment. Journal of Social
    Personal Relationship, 14(6), 777-791.
    Mack, R. M., & Snyder, R. C. (1973). The analysis of social
    conflict toward an overview and and synthesis. In F.E. Jandt
    (Eds.), Conflict Resolution through Communication. New
    York:Harper & Row, Publishers.
    Main, M. (1991). Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive
    monitoring, and singular(coherent) vs. multiple(incoherent)
    model of attachment. In C. M. Paker, J. Stevenson-Hinde &
    P. Marris(Eds.), Attachment Across the Life Cycle(pp. 127-
    159). London: Tavisrock/ Routledge.
    Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in
    infancy, childhood, and adulthood:A move to the level of
    representation. In I. Brtherton & E. Waters(Eds.), Growing
    points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the
    Society for Research in Child Development, 50, 66-106.
    Markus, H. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information
    about self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
    35, 63-78.
    Marcus, L. (1997). The relationship of adult attachment style,
    communication, and relationship satisfaction. Fordham
    University. DAO No. AAC 9730100.
    Margolin, G., & Wampold, B. E. (1981). Seguential analysis of
    conflict and accord in ditressed and nondistressed marital
    partners. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,
    49, 554-567.
    McCrae, R. R. (1982). Age differences in the use of coping
    mechanisms. Journal of Gerontology, 37, 454-460.
    Menagham, E. (1982). Measuring coping effectiveness: A Panel
    analysis of marital problems and copping efforts. Journal
    of Health and Social Behavior, 23, 220-234.
    Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Tolmacz, R. (1990). Attachment
    styles and fear of personal death: A case study of affect
    regulation. Journal of Personal and Social Psychology, 58
    (2), 273-280.
    Mikulincer, M., & Florian, V. (1995). Apprasial of and coping
    with a real-life stressful situation: The contribution of
    attachment style, Personality and Social Psychology
    Bulletin, 21, 406-414.
    Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., Weller, A. (1993). Attachment
    style, coping strategies, and posttraumatic psychological
    distress: The impact of the Gulf War in Israel, Journal of
    Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 817-826.
    Nording, W. J. (1992). The relationship of attachment styles to
    conflict resolution, quality of communication, and
    satisfaction in intimate dyadic relationships. The
    University of Maryland College. DAO No. AAC 9315707.
    Notarius, C. L., & Johnson, J. S. (1982). Emotional expression
    in husbands and wives. Journal of Marriage and the Family,
    44, 483-489.
    Notarius, C. L., & Pellearini, D. S. (1987). Differences
    between Husbands and Wives:Implications for understanding
    marital discord. In K. Hahlweg & M.J. Goldstein(Eds.),
    Understanding major mental disorder:The contribution of
    Family interaction research.
    Norton, R. (1983). The family life cycle: empirical or
    conceptual tool? Journal of marriage and the Family, 41, 15-
    26.
    Ognibene, T. C. & Collins, N. C. (1998). Adult attchment
    styles, perceived social support and coping strategies.
    Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(3), 323-
    345.
    Olson, D. H., & McCubbin, H. I. (1983). Families. California:
    Sage Publications. Inc.
    Pearlin, L. I., & Schooler, C. (1978). The structure of coping.
    Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19, 2-21.
    Pervin, L. A. (1993). Personality theory and research. New
    York: John Wiley & Sons.
    Peterson, D. R. (1979). Assessing interspersonal relationships
    by means of interaction records. Behaviorial Assessment, 1,
    221-236.
    Pietromonaco, P. R., & Carnelley, K. B. (1994). Gender and
    working models of attachment:Consequences for perception
    of self and romantic relationships. Personality
    Relationships, 1, 3-26.
    Pistole, M. C. (1989). Attachment in adult romantic
    relationship: Style of conflict resolution and
    satisfaction. Journal of Social and personal relationships,
    6, 505-510.
    Pollina, L. K. & Snell, W. E., Jr. (1999). Coping in untimate
    relationships: Development of the multidimensional intimate
    coping questionnaire. Journal of Social and Personal
    Relationships, 16(1), 133-144.
    Powell, T. (1995). Dysfunctional marital beliefs and marital
    satisfaction: A multicultural analysis. Ball state
    University.
    Rahim, M. A. (1983). A measure of styles of handling
    interpersonal conflict. Academy of Measurement Journal, 26
    (2), 44-53.
    Rands, M., Levinger, G., & Mellinger, G. (1981). Patterns of
    conflict Resolution and marital satisfaction. Journal of
    Family Issues, 2(3), 297-321.
    Raush, H. L., Barry, W. A., Hertel, R. K., & Swain, M. E.
    (1974). Communication, conflict and marriage. San
    Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
    Rhyne, D. (1981). Bases of marital satisfaction among men and
    women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 73, 941-955.
    Roach, A. J., Frazier, L. P., & Bowden, S. R. (1981). The
    marital satisfaction scale: develpoment of a measure for
    intervention research. Journal of Marriage and the Family,
    43, 537-546.
    Rubin, L. B. (1983). Intimate stranger: Men and Women together.
    New York: Harper & Row.
    Russell, M. R. (1996). Specific and generalized expectacies,
    individual, and marital satisfaction:An initial
    investigation. The University of Tulsa. DAO No. AAC 9702122.
    Schaap, C., Bunnk, B., & Kerkstra, A. (1988). Marital conflict
    resolution. In P. Noller & M. A. Fitzpatrick(Eds.),
    Perspectives on marital interaction. Clevedon, Avon,
    England: Multilingual Matters.
    Scharfe, E. & Bartholomew, K. (1995). Accommodation and
    attachment representations in young couples. Journal of
    Social Personality Relationships, 12(3), 389-401.
    Scroufe, L. A. & Waters, E. (1977). Attachment as an
    organizational perspective. Child Development, 48, 1184-
    1199.
    Senchak, M. & Leonard, K. E. (1992). Attachment styles and
    marital adjustment among newlyed couples. Journal of Social
    and Personal Relationships, 9, 51-64.
    Shaver, P. R. (1986). Being lonely falling in love:
    Perspectives from attachment theory. (ERIC Document
    Reproduction Service No. ED 272835).
    Shek, D. T., & Tsang, S. K. (1993). The Chinese version of
    Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale: Some psychometric and
    normative data. Social Behavior and Personality, 21, 205-
    214.
    Simpson, J. A. (1990). Influence of attachment styles on
    romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social
    Psychology, 59, 971-980.
    Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (1994). Stress and secure base
    relationships. In adultthood. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman
    (Eds.), Attachment processes in adulthood (pp. 181-204).
    London:Jessica Kingsley.
    Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S. & Nelligan, J. S. (1992). Support
    seeking and support giving within couples in anxiety-
    provoking situation: The role of attachment styles. Journal
    of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 434-446.
    Simpson, J. A., Rholes,W. S. & Philips D. (1996). Conflict in
    close relationships:An attachment perspectives. Journal of
    Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 899-914.
    Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales
    for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads.
    Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15-28.
    Sroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. (1977). Attachment as an
    organizational construct. Child Development, 48, 1184-1199.
    Srull, T. K. & Wyer, R. S. Jr. (1989). Person memory and
    judgement. Psychological Review, 96, 58-83.
    Stinnett, N., Walters, J., & Stinnett, N. (1991). Relationships
    in marriage and the family(3rd.). New York:Macmillan
    Publishing.
    Stone, A. A., & Neale, J. M. (1984). New measure of daily
    coping: Development and preliminary results. Journal of
    Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 892-906.
    Terry, D. J. (1991). Coping resources and situational apprasial
    as predictors of coping behavior. Personality and
    individual differences, 12(10), 1031-1047.
    Thomas, K. W., & Kilmann R. H. (1974). Comparison of four
    instruments measuring conflict behavior. Psychological
    Reports, 42, 1128-1142.
    Thomson, E., & Colella, U. (1992). Cohabitation and marital
    stability: Quality or commitment. Journal of Marriage and
    the Family, 54, 259-267.
    Tesser, A. (1978). Self-generated attitude change. In L.
    Berkowitz(Eds.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
    (pp. 289-338) New York: Academic Press.
    Vaughn, B., Egeland, B., Sroufe, L. A. & Waters, E. (1979).
    Individual differences in infant-mother attachment at
    twelve and eighteen months: Stability and change in
    families under stress. Child Development, 50, 971-975.
    Verderber, R. F., & Vederber, K. S. (1989). Inter-act using
    interpersonal communication skills(5th Ed.), California :
    Wadsworth Publishing.
    Whiffen, V. E. & Gotlib, I. H. (1989). Stress and coping in
    maritally distressed and nondistressed couples. Journal of
    Social and Personal Relationships, 6, 327-344.
    White, S., & Hatcher, C. (1984). Couple complementarityand
    similarity: A review of the literature. The American
    Journal of Family Therapy, 12, 15-25.
    White, M. B., Stahamann, R. F., & Furrow, J. L. (1994). Shoter
    may be better: A comparison of the Kansas Marital
    Satisfaction Scale and the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment
    Test. Family Psespective, 28(1), 53-66.

    無法下載圖示
    QR CODE