簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 蘇春暉
Su, Chunhui
論文名稱: 關愛與自我形象目標對社會連結感的影響:正念與慈悲的中介效果
The Influences of Compassionate and Self-Image Goals on Social Connectedness: the Mediation Effects of Mindfulness and Compassion
指導教授: 陳秀蓉
Chen, Hsiu-Jung
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 教育心理與輔導學系
Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 166
中文關鍵詞: 關愛目標自我形象目標正念慈悲社會連結感中介效應
英文關鍵詞: compassionate goals, self-image goals, mindfulness, compassion, social connectedness, mediation
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:224下載:14
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究主要探討大學生的關愛與自我形象目標對社會連結感的影響,是否受到正念、自我慈悲與他人慈悲的中介作用。本研究採用問卷調查的方式,以方便取樣獲得309個有效的大學生資料,以描述統計、單因子多變量變異數分析、Pearson積差相關、階層回歸分析等方法對觀察資料進行統計分析。本研究發現:(1)不同背景變項上,大學生的關愛目標、自我形象目標、正念、自我慈悲、他人慈悲與社會連結感在『性別』、『感情狀況』、『家中排行』、『家庭收入』、『社團經驗』、『求助經驗』有顯著差異;(2)大學生的自我慈悲、他人慈悲、正念分別對社會連結感有顯著正向預測力,大學生的注意力、自我友善、友善對社會連結感有顯著正向預測力,自我批評、孤立感、分心對社會連結感有顯著負向預測力;(3)不同『關愛與自我形象目標類型』之大學生在正念、自我慈悲、他人慈悲、社會連結感上有顯著差異;(4)在『高關愛低自我』類型下,關愛目標對社會連結感的影響,會分別受到正念、自我慈悲、他人慈悲的完全中介;在『低關愛高自我』類型下,關愛目標對社會連結感的影響,會受到他人慈悲的完全中介;在『低關愛低自我』類型下,關愛目標對社會連結感的影響,會分別受到正念、自我慈悲、他人慈悲的完全中介。本研究針對大學生的輔導與諮商工作以及助人專業者的自我照顧提出相應的建議,另外從研究對象、研究工具以及研究方法等方面討論了本研究的限制,最後根據學術的需要,討論了未來研究的方向。

    The present study aimed to investigate whether the influences of compassionate and self-image goals on social connectedness were mediated by the effects of mindfulness, self-compassion and compassion for others. With a convenience sample of 309 college students, the study was carried out based on questionnaires; and the collected data were analyzed by frequency distribution, MANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis. The study found out that: 1. college students’ compassionate goals, self-image goals, mindfulness, self-compassion, compassion for others, and social connectedness are significantly different between different genders, relationships, family rankings, family incomes, association experiences, help-seeking experiences; 2. college students’ mindfulness, self-compassion, and compassion for others can significantly positively predict social connectedness respectively; college students’ attention, self-kindness, and kindness can significantly positively predict social connectedness; college students’ self-judgment, isolation, and disengagement can significantly negatively predict social connectedness; 3. college students’ mindfulness, self-compassion, compassion for others, and social connectedness are significantly different between different “compassionate and self-image goal styles”; 4.among the “high compassionate and low self-image goal style” students, the influences of compassionate goals on social connectedness would be mediated totally by the mindfulness, self-compassion, and compassion for others; among the “low compassionate and high self-image goal style” students, the influences of compassionate goals on social connectedness would be mediated totally by the compassion for others; among the “low compassionate and low self-image goal style” students, the influences of compassionate goals on social connectedness would be mediated totally by the mindfulness, self-compassion, and compassion for others. The suggestions for the empirical work on college students’ guidance, the self-care for helping professionals were proposed. Meanwhile, limitations with regard to the research subjects, instruments, and methodology, and implications for future academic research were also addressed.

    致謝辭 i 中文摘要 iii 英文摘要 v 目次 vii 表次 ix 圖次 xiii 第一章緒論 1 第一節研究動機 1 第二節研究目的與問題 5 第三節名詞界定 6 第二章文獻探討 13 第一節社會連結感 13 第二節正念與慈悲及其與社會連結感之關係 18 第三節關愛與自我形象目標 32 第四節關愛與自我形象目標、正念與慈悲、社會連結感之關係 38 第三章研究方法 41 第一節研究架構 41 第二節研究構念架構與研究假設 42 第三節預試研究 45 第四節研究對象 73 第五節研究工具 77 第六節資料分析方法 81 第四章研究結果 85 第一節不同背景變項之大學生在主要變項上的差異 85 第二節大學生的正念、自我慈悲、他人慈悲對社會連結感的預測力 94 第三節 不同『關愛與自我形象目標類型』的大學生在正念、自我慈悲、他人慈悲以及社會連結感上的差異 98 第四節不同『關愛與自我形象目標類型』下的中介效應分析 100 第五章討論與建議 117 第一節不同背景變項之大學生在主要變項上的差異 117 第二節大學生的正念、自我慈悲、他人慈悲對社會連結感的預測力 119 第三節不同『關愛與自我形象目標類型』的大學生在正念、自我慈悲、他人慈悲以及社會連結感的差異 122 第四節不同『關愛與自我形象目標類型』下的中介效應 124 第五節研究貢獻、建議、限制與未來研究方向 130 參考文獻 141 中文文獻 141 英文文獻 143 附錄 149 附錄一量表使用授權 149 附錄二論文引用授權 152 附錄三正式研究問卷 153 附錄四主要變項之描述統計與相關性 163

    中文文獻
    呂孟真(2006)。自我傷害動機、負向情緒、經驗迴避、情緒調節與青少年自我傷害行為之關係探索。國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
    向智尊者(2006)。正念之道—<念念處經>基礎修心手冊。台北:橡樹林。
    李世萍(2015)。短期正念提升心理素質的效果。國防大學政治作戰學院心理碩士班碩士論文。
    林宣旭(2011)。小我或大我:人際目標對自我調節及利團體行為之影響。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
    林鈺傑(2013)。初探正念取向心理治療歷程之整合架構。中華心理衛生學刊,26(3),395-442。
    胡君梅(2012)。正念減壓團體訓練課程之行動研究。國立台北教育大學教育學院心理與諮商學系碩士論文。
    胡君梅譯(2014)。自我療癒正念書:如詩般優美又真實深刻的內在自療旅程。台北:野人出版社。Santorelli, S. (2000). NY: Random House.
    洪嘉蓮(2011)。Facebook社群遊戲與社會連結的關係:反思遊戲成癮之人格特質。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
    陳偉禎(2014)。以人際需求理論探討大陸來台交換學生使用Facebook建構社會連結之研究。南華大學資訊管理學系碩士論文。
    陳黛芬(2013)。高齡學習者日常靈性經驗、社會連結與正向情緒關係之研究。國立中正大學成人及繼續教育研究所博士論文。
    張仁和(2013)。正念與心理彈性。國立台灣大學心理學研究所博士論文。
    張仁和、林以正、黃金蘭(2011)。中文版「止觀覺察注意量表」之信效度分析。測驗學刊,4,235-260。
    張雅期(2014)。自我慈悲、關聯式自我構念與幸福感之關聯性研究。私立淡江大學教育心理與諮商研究所碩士論文。
    張耀華、劉聰慧、董研(2010)。自我觀的新形式:有關自我慈悲的研究論述。心理科學進展,18(12),1872-1881。
    劉盈苡(2014)。應用正念減壓課程於改善乳癌病人生理、心理及生活品質之成效。國立臺灣大學護理學研究所碩士論文。
    廖怡玲(2005)。性罪犯認知扭曲-內隱理論的引用。國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
    鍾函君(2014)。自我彰顯或自我超越:不同自我價值肯定策略對整合過往經驗之影響。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
    釋宗白(2010)。諮商心理師參與禪修正念團體的經驗知覺與影響之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所博士論文。

    英文文獻
    Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual andempirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125-143.
    Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27–45. Doi: 10.1177/1073191105283504.
    Baker, H. S., & Baker, M. N. (1987). Heinz Kohut's self-psychology: An overview. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1-8.
    Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.
    Beitel, M., Ferrer, E., & Cecero, J. J. (2005). Psychological mindedness and awareness of self and others. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61, 739-750.
    Bishop, S. R. (2002). What do we really know about mindfulness-based stress reduction? Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 71-84.
    Bishop, R. S., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, D. N., Carmody, J., Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 230–241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bph077.
    Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.84, 822-848.
    Chodorow, N. (1978). The reproduction of mothering: Psychoanalysis and the sociology of gender. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    Crocker, J., & Canevello, A. (2008).Creating and undermining social support in communal relationships: The role of compassionate and self-image goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(3), 555-575.
    Crocker, J., & Canevello, A. (2012). Consequences of self-image and compassionate goals. In P. G. Devine & A. Plant (Eds.), Advances in experimental social psychology. New York: Elsevier.
    Deng, Y. Q., Liu, X. H., Rodriguez, M. A., & Xia, C. Y. (2011). The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire: Psychometric properties of the Chinese version. Mindfulness, 2, 123-128.
    Feldman, G.C., Hayes, A.M., Kumar, S.M., Greeson, J.M., &Laurenceau, J.P. (2007).Mindfulness and emotion regulation: The development and initial validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale - Revised (CAMS-R). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29, 177-190.
    Fulton, P. R. (2005). Mindfulness as clinical training. In C. K. Germer, R. D. Siegel, & P. R. Fulton(Eds.) Mindfulness and psychotherapy (pp55-72). NY: Guilford Press.
    Germer, C. K. (2005). Teaching mindfulness in therapy. In C. K. Germer, R. D. Siegel, & P. R. Fulton. (Eds.). Mindfulness and psychotherapy. (Pp113-129). NY: GuilfordPress.
    Grossman, P. (2008). On measuring mindfulness in psychosomatic and psychological research. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64, 405-408.
    Haghighat, R. (2007). The development of the Brief Social Desirability Scale (BSDS). Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 3(4). doi:10.5964/ejop.v3i4.417.
    Ho, N. S. P., Sun, D., Ting, K. H., Chan, C. H., & Lee, T. M. C. (2015). Mindfulness trait predicts neurophysiological reactivity associated with negativity bias: An ERP study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID 212368. doi:10.1155/2015/212368.
    Hutcherson, C. A., Seppala, E. M., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Loving-kindness meditation increases social connectedness. Emotion, 8(5), 720-724. Doi: 10.1037/a0013237.
    Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living. NY: Delta.
    Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 144-156.
    Keng, S. L., Smoski, M. J., Robins, C. J., Ekblad, A. G., & Brantley, J. G. (2012). Mechanisms of change in mindfulness-based stress reduction: Self-compassion and mindfulness as mediators of intervention outcomes. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26(3), 270-280. Doi: 10.1891/0889-8391.26.3.270.
    Kornfield, J. (2008). The wise heart: A guide to the universal teaching of Buddhist psychology. NY:Random House.
    Kostanski, M., & Hassed, C. (2008). Mindfulness as a concept and a process. Australian Psychologist, 43(1), 15-21.
    Kohut, H. (1984). How does analysis cure? NY: International Universities Press.
    Lee, R. M., Dean, B. L., & Jung, K. (2008). Social connectedness, extraversion, and subjective well-being: Testing a mediation model. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 414– 419.
    Lee, R. M., Draper, M., & Lee, S. (2001). Social connectedness, dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors, and psychological distress: Testing a mediator model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(3): 310-318.
    Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995). Measuring belongingness: The Social Connectedness and the Social Assurance Scales. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 232-241.
    Lim, D., Condon, P.,& DeSteno, D. (2015). Mindfulness and compassion: an examination of mechanism and scalability.PLoS ONE, 10(2): e0118221. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118221.
    Mace, C. (2008). Mindfulness and Mental Health: Therapy, Theory, and Science. NY: Rutledge Press.
    Mauss, I. B., Shallcross, A. J., Troy, A. S., John, O. P., Ferrer, E., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2011). Don't hide your happiness! Positive emotion dissociation, social connectedness, and psychological functioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(4), 738-748. Doi: 10.1037/a0022410.
    Neff, K. D. (2003). Development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250.
    Neff, K. D., & Germer, K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program. Journal of clinical psychology, 69(1), 28-44.
    Praissman, S. (2008). Mindfulness-based stress reduction: A literature review and clinician’s guide. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 20, 212-216.
    Pommier, E. A. (2010). The compassion scale. (Doctoral dissertation) Retrieved from http://self-compassion.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/POMMIER-DISSERTATION-compassion.pdf.
    Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van G. D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18, 250-255.
    Robins, C. J., Schmidt, H., & Linehan, M. M. (2004). Dialectic behavior therapy: Synthesizing radical acceptance with skilful means. In S. C. Hayes, V. Follette, &M. Linehan (Eds.), Expanding the Cognitive Behavioral Tradition. NY: Guilford Press.
    Segal, Z. V., Teasdale, J. D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2004). Dialectic behavior therapy: Synthesizing radical acceptance with skilful means. In S. C. Hayes, V. Follette, &M. Linehan, (Eds.), Expanding the Cognitive Behavioral Tradition. NY: Guilford Press.
    Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 373-386.
    Siegel, R. D., Germer, C. K., & Olendzki, A. (2009). Mindfulness: What is it? Where did it come from? In F. Didonna. (Ed.). Clinical handbook of mindfulness. (Pp17-36). NY: Springer.
    Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological methodology, 13, 290-312.
    The Ohio State University. (2014). Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale (CAMS-R). Retrieved from https://mind-bodyhealth.osu.edu/resources.
    Wei, M., Wang, K. T., Heppner, P. P., & Du, Y. (2012). Ethnic and mainstream social connectedness, perceived racial discrimination, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. JournalofCounselingPsychology, 59(3), 486-493. Doi: 10.1037/a0028000.
    Hiroki, Y. (2014). Does mindfulness cultivate social connectedness? A narrative review on a novel modality of social emotional learning. (Departmental Bulletin Paper) Center for Educational Innovation Nagasaki University, 5, 67-88.
    Yoon, E., Jung, K. R., Lee, R. M., & Felix-Mora, M. (2012). Validation of Social Connectedness in mainstream society and the Ethnic Community Scales. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 18(1), 64-73. Doi: 10.1037/a0026600.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE