近年來台灣地區營造業職業災害發生率居高不下，尤其是墜落事故已造成國內營造業職業災害的重大傷亡，其嚴重性不容忽視。因此本研究之目的在於診斷工地防墜安全衛生管理、評估工地防墜設施及調查勞工防墜行為及其相關因素，以作為推動工地墜落預防安全衛生管理及勞工安全衛生教育之重要參考。
本研究立意選取20處工地，由研究者親至工地現場，評估工地防墜安全衛生管理現況及施工環境中的防墜相關設施;並由受訪之工地中，面對面訪問調查現場作業勞工，共計回收294份有效問卷，據此評估勞工之防墜行為與其相關因素。
研究結果發現，在防墜安全衛生管理方面：以工地主任兼辦安全衛生業務者最為常見，設有專任工地安全衛生管理人員，且該人員已取得專業證照者並不多見。對於現場作業人員之健康管理，有70﹪的受訪工地覺得實施上有困難。95﹪的工地已實施工地安全衛生教育，實施方式則以利用工地會議時，採統一講解方式最為普遍。對於工地安全衛生守則實施方式，則以購置制式商品公告在工地入口處最為常見。此外，工地對於墜落預防自動檢查及協議組織之推動，則較感困難。
在施工環境防墜相關設施方面：65﹪的受訪工地對其跌倒、採傷之防止設施並不理想。有50﹪受訪工地坦承對「缺口封閉」之墜落之預防措施落實不易。工地中除「警告標示」設置情況較佳外，其餘「工地臨時照明」、「安全母索」、「防墜安全網架設」情況則不理想。
在勞工防墜行為及其相關因素方面：整體而言，受試者對墜落危害認知的程度不強、大多贊同工地中安全衛生管理的作法。不同年齡層勞工間在墜落危害認知之差異達統計顯著水準（p＜0.05），以年齡層50歲以上的作業勞工對墜落危害認知程度較低；不同工種間在墜落危害認知之差異達統計顯著水準（p＜0.01），以「雜工」對墜落危害認知的程度最低。無職業災害經驗者，較傾向於覺得自己的安全知識是足夠的; 有職業災害經驗者，反而較傾向於覺得自己的安全知識是不足的。受訪者的防墜行為在「個人防護具」使用方面需加強。各相關因素中以「上司督導管理」、「工作情緒」兩變項對於防墜行為的預測力較佳，因此，如何落實工地安全衛生管理與做好作業者負向情緒（工作緊張、擔心安全問題）的管理工作，是預防工地墜落發生的首要工作。

In recent years, Taiwan has experienced high rates of occupational accidents, among which construction site falling accidents have been a leading cause of deaths and serious injuries and are not to be neglected. The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that help ward off falling accidents at construction sites, including the safety and health management, the facilities that prevent falling accidents, and workers' safety knowledge and precautionary behavior. Therefore the result of the survey will serve as an important reference for those concerned to implement the safety and health management and worker's safety and health education in order to prevent falling accidents at construction sites.
This study assessed the safety and health management and safety facilities in the working environment at twenty Taiwan construction sites. In addition, individual, on-site interviews were conducted with 294 construction workers, using a structured questionnaire, the Occupational Safety Knowledge Assessment Form (reliability: Cronbach's a = 0.91) to evaluate their precautionary behavior.
Results showed that very few construction sites employed licensed safety and hygiene management officers. Instead, site directors themselves were often in charge of safety and health management, in addition to directing the affairs of the entire construction site. 60% of site directors admitted difficulty in undertaking safety inspections, and 70% experienced difficulty in overseeing the health of personnel. 95% of sites had held on-site safety education, usually in the form of short speeches given at planning meetings of all site subcontractors. The commonest way to put the safety and health education into practice is to put up notices and signs at the entrance of the construction site. Also, it is difficult to implement precautionary self-inspections and to promote negotiation organization.
As for the facilities to ward off falling accidents, 65% of the construction sites interviewed didn't have appropriate safety facilities to prevent injuries from falling and trampling. 50% of site directors admitted that it was not easy to create a work environment that would prevent falling accidents. Site directors found it particularly difficult to ensure the safety of temporary elevator shaft cavities and their cover fittings, due to multiple teams and subcontractors working separately on the shafts. While the setting up of warning signs in construction sites is generally in good shape, the temporary lighting systems, safety cable, and safety nets still need improvement.
On the whole, the workers interviewed didn't have extensive safety knowledge and mostly regarded the safety and health management at the construction site as acceptable and considered the facilities to prevent falling accidents sufficient. With one-way analysis of variance, a significant discrepancy in workers' occupational safety knowledge was found among different age groups. Construction workers aged 50~59 had the poorest understanding of occupational safety concepts. A discrepancy also exists among different levels of workers, among which the temporary workers have the poorest safety knowledge. Those who had no experience of occupational accidents tended to consider their own safety knowledge sufficient, while those who had experienced occupational accidents considered theirs insufficient. Those who were interviewed seemed to need more practice in using individual safety equipment. Among all factors, supervision from superiors and working moods had more direct influences on the prevention of falling accidents. Therefore to implement safety and health management at construction sites and to deal with workers' negative moods(nervousness from work, safety concerns) are the priorities in preventing falling accidents at construction sites.

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