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研究生: 蔡孟儒
Tsai, Meng-Ju
論文名稱: 帶自旋波色氣體的熱力學性質研究
Study Thermodynamic with Spinor Condensate
指導教授: 林豐利
Lin, Feng-Li
口試委員: 林豐利
Lin, Feng-Li
游至仕
You, Jhih-Shih
林育如
Lin, Yu-Ju
張銘顯
Chang, Ming-Shien
任祥華
Jen, Hsiang-Hua
口試日期: 2022/01/20
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 物理學系
Department of Physics
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 98
中文關鍵詞: 帶自旋玻色子封閉系統熱平衡自旋-角動量耦合
英文關鍵詞: spinor BEC, synthetic gauge field, thermalization of closed systems
研究方法: 實驗設計法參與觀察法現象分析
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202200278
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 此研究的終極目標在於探究孤立的量子系統如何達到熱平衡。為此,我們打
    造一個帶自旋的原子玻色-愛因思坦凝結實驗,除了可觀察量子氣體達熱平衡動
    態過程之外,亦可測試一些關於熱平衡的必要條件及假說, 包含本徵態熱平衡假
    說、以及系統的可積性等。
    此外,我們提供一個可以利用此系統研究物理的實例。我們針對自旋-質心旋
    轉角動量耦合的物理現象,進行實驗上的驗證。透過雷射光各種可調控的參數,
    可以讓原子團產生在空間上的角動量分布,用以形成自旋-角動量的糾纏態。
    關鍵字:帶自旋玻色子、封閉系統熱平衡、自旋-角動量耦合

    In this thesis, we aimed to study the dynamics of thermalization in a
    closed quantum system. We constructed an atomic spinor Bose-Einstein
    condensates (BEC) experiment to study the related issues. The spinor BEC
    provides a suitable platform to test the theories about thermalization in an
    isolated environment. Our spinor system will enable the tests of the related
    theories, such as the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) and the
    integrability of the quantum system.
    Meanwhile, we provide an example of quantum simulation. We demonstrated the spin-orbital angular momentum coupling in spinor BEC. The
    phenomenon reveals the spatial dependent distribution of angular momentum. It is capable to control such coupling by engineering our laser light.
    keywords: spinor BEC, synthetic gauge field, thermalization of closed
    systems

    1 Introduction 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Reviews of spinor Bose-Einstein condensate 2 1.2.1 Dynamics of spinor BEC 2 1.2.2 Spin momentum coupling 6 1.3 Thesis overview 8 2 Preparation of ultra cold atoms 10 2.1 Spectral properties of 87Rb 10 2.2 Hardware setup 12 2.2.1 Ultra high vacuum system 12 2.2.2 Double chamber 13 2.2.3 Coil design 15 2.3 Diode lasers 17 2.3.1 Saturation spectroscopy 20 2.3.2 EOM 21 2.3.3 Power ramping 23 2.4 Imaging system 23 2.4.1 Factor calibration 24 2.4.2 Fluorescence imaging and absorption imaging 25 2.4.3 Cloud temperature 27 2.4.4 Phase space density 27 2.5 Magneto-optical trap 29 2.5.1 Laser cooling and double MOT 29 2.5.2 Sub-Doppler cooling 33 2.6 Optical dipole trap 43 2.6.1 Theoretical background of ODT 43 2.6.2 ODT setup and engineering 49 iii2.6.3 Optimization of trap loading 54 2.7 Microwave system 58 3 BEC production 60 3.1 Reviews of scalar BEC 60 3.1.1 non-interacting Boson 60 3.1.2 Interacting Boson 62 3.2 All-optical Bose-Einstein condensate 65 3.2.1 Force evaporate cooling 66 4 Spinor condensate system 70 4.1 Behaviors of spinor condensate 70 4.1.1 Atomic collisions 70 4.1.2 Second quantzatized Hamiltonian 73 4.1.3 Mean-field theory 74 4.1.4 Spinor in external field 77 4.1.5 Gound state structure in optical trap 79 4.2 Experimental study 80 4.2.1 Thermalization and quantum quench 80 4.2.2 Spin-orbital momentum coupling 84 5 Conclusion and Outlook 90 5.1 Conclusion 90 5.2 Outlook 91 Reference 92

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