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研究生: 林銀秋
Yin Chiu, Lin
論文名稱: 由重心動量分析老年人前傾動作之平衡
Based on Forward Leaning Momentum of Center of Mass to Analyze the Limit of Stability for the Elderly Age
指導教授: 林德嘉
Lin, Der-Chia
黃長福
Huang, Chen-Fu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 體育學系
Department of Physical Education
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 83
中文關鍵詞: 重心線動量重心角動量老人前傾動作穩定限度
英文關鍵詞: linear momentum of center of mass, angular momentum of center of mass, elderly, forward leaning, limit of stability
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 老人跌倒的盛行率極高,且影響其健康及獨立生活極大,平衡能力較差為造成老
    人跌倒的主要因素之一,對平衡控制的退化及如何量化平衡狀態是許多學者與醫護人員希望了解的主題。有越來越多學者以動量研究平衡,但利用動量探討老人穩定限度研究仍付諸闕如,吾人有必要針對此參數詳加研究。本研究目的有三:(一)前傾動作時,老人與年輕人於不同支撐底面積下,重心線動量是否顯著不同。(二)在不同的支撐底面積下,老人與年輕人在前傾動作中,重心角動量是否顯著不同。(三)重心線動量及重心角動量與壓力中心穩定限度參數及重心穩定限度參數間的相關性為何。本研究受試者為十名社區老人(年齡: 70.4 士3.6 歲,身高: 158.9 士7.6 公分,體重: 60.4 士7.8 公斤)及十名年輕人(年齡:25.6 士3.4 歲,身高:167.7 士8.6 公分,體重: 55.8 士8.1 公斤),男女各半。受試者站立於測力板(AMTI, 600Hz)上,隨機進行自然站立與雙腳併攏的前傾動作十次。並以五台紅外線攝影機(VICON, 120Hz)同步紀錄受試者之動作,利用所得之資料,以LabVIEW 6.1 版軟體撰寫程式計算重心線動量與角動量,並以SPSS 軟體進行混合設計二因子變異數分析及Pearson’s 積差相關考驗(α=.05)。本研究結果:(一) 前傾的動態平衡能力上,老人與年輕人於不同支撐底面積下,重心線動量顯著不同。(二) 在不同的支撐底面積下,老人與年輕人在前傾動作中,重心角動量亦顯著不同。(三)重心線動量及重心角動量與壓力中心及重心極限參數顯著相關。在未來相關動態極限的研究,可利用動量此參數做深入探討,此外,本研究亦可作為老人平衡訓練之參考。

    There is high prevalence for the elderly falling and it would affect their
    health and independent activities very much. The poor balance is one of the reasons for the elderly falling. Many researchers and clinicians are very much concern about the mechanism of the balance system and how to use the knowledge with respect to the mechanism to improve patients’performance of balance. There are more and more studies related to the momentum for analyzing the performance of balance, however, referred the momentum of center of mass to limit of stability for elderly are still not much to be found.There were three purposes for this study. First, to determine whether the linear momentum of the center of mass significant different between the elderly and the young people or not for forward leaning in two different base of support. Second, to determine whether the angular momentum of the center of mass significant different between the elderly and the young people or not for forward
    leaning in two different base of support. Third, to determine the relationship between the linear momentum and the angular momentum of the center of mass, and the parameters for the limit of stability.
    The subjects were 10 elderly and 10 young healthy persons. They were asked to standing on the AMTI force plate (600Hz), then measurements were taken repeatedly for forward leaning in natural stance and in Romberg stance randomly, with a short break of 10 minutes between sessions. Five ultrahigh resolution infrared cameras (VICON, 120Hz) were synchronized to collect the 3-D data. Linear momentum and angular momentum were calculated by
    LabVIEW 6.1. GLM for repeated measurement and the Pearson product moment correlation were obtained by SPSS 10.0 for window to test the selected variables at .05 significant level.
    We concluded that the linear momentum of the center of mass were
    significantly different between the elderly and the young people for forward leaning in two different base of support. For forward leaning in two different support base, the angular momentum of the center of mass were significantly different between the elderly and the young people. And there were significant relationship between the linear momentum and the angular momentum of the center of mass, and the parameters for the limit of stability. The linear momentum and angular momentum of the center of mass would be provided as
    good parameters to analyze the limit of stability for the elderly forward leaning.

    目次 中文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------I 英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------II 謝誌-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------III 目次-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------IV 表次----------------------------------------------------------------------------------VIII 圖次------------------------------------------------------------------------------------X 第壹章緒論----------------------------------------------------------------1 第一節、問題背景------------------------------------------------------------------1 第二節、研究目的------------------------------------------------------------------4 第三節、研究限制------------------------------------------------------------------5 第四節、名詞操作性定義---------------------------------------------------------5 第貳章文獻探討----------------------------------------------------------8 第一節、姿勢與平衡的關係-----------------------------------------------------8 第二節、以身體重心與壓力中心的軌跡研究平衡-------------------------11 第三節、重心與支撐底面積之相關位置-------------------------------------14 第四節、動量與平衡的關係----------------------------------------------------18 第五節、影響老人平衡的機制-------------------------------------------------25 一、老人的姿勢變化-----------------------------------------------------------25 二、骨骼肌肉系統的變化-----------------------------------------------------25 三、老人平衡動作策略的改變-----------------------------------------------27 四、老人前傾動作相關研究分析--------------------------------------------27 第六節、文獻總結----------------------------------------------------------------31 第參章研究方法與步驟------------------------------------------------33 第一節、研究對象----------------------------------------------------------------33 第二節、實驗儀器與設備-------------------------------------------------------34 第三節、實驗日期地點與場地布置-------------------------------------------36 第四節、實驗步驟----------------------------------------------------------------36 一、運動學資料的收集方法--------------------------------------------------37 二、動力學資料的收集方法--------------------------------------------------37 三、前傾動作之要求-----------------------------------------------------------37 四、實驗流程--------------------------------------------------------------------38 第五節、資料擷取與分析-------------------------------------------------------41 一、運動學資料--------------------------------------------------------------------41 二、動力學資料--------------------------------------------------------------------42 三、動作分期方式-----------------------------------------------------------------43 第六節、研究假設與動量分析-------------------------------------------------44 一、研究假設--------------------------------------------------------------------44 二、動量計算模式--------------------------------------------------------------44 第七節、統計方法----------------------------------------------------------------45 第肆章結果--------------------------------------------------------------46 第一節、功能性評量與不同支撐底面積下之壓力中心等基本資料分析- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------46 一、功能性評量--------------------------------------------------------------------------46 二、壓力中心相關之穩定限度資料--------------------------------------------------47 三、重心相關之穩定限度資料--------------------------------------------------------48 第二節、重心線動量在不同支撐底面積下之比較--------------------------48 第三節、重心角動量在不同支撐底面積下之比較--------------------------51 第四節、壓力中心與重心穩定限度參數與重心線動量及角動量之相關 性------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55 第五節、在不同支撐底面積下前傾動作時線動量及角動量之信度----56 第伍章討論--------------------------------------------------------------57 第一節、重心線動量與前傾動作動態平衡之關係--------------------------57 第二節、重心角動量與前傾動作動態平衡之關係--------------------------59 第三節、支撐底面積與前傾動作動態極限之關係--------------------------61 VII 第四節、重心動量參數與壓力中心及重心穩定限度參數之相關性探討- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------63 第陸章結論與建議------------------------------------------------------65 第一節、結論-----------------------------------------------------------------------65 第二節、建議-----------------------------------------------------------------------66 參考文獻-----------------------------------------------------------------68 一、中文部分------------------------------------------------------------------------68 二、英文部分------------------------------------------------------------------------69 附錄一、參加者須知及同意書---------------------------------------------------81 附錄二--------------------------------------------------------------------------------83 表次 表3-1 受試者基本資料-----------------------------------------------------------34 表4-1 老年組與年輕組功能性平衡測試結果摘要表-----------------------47 表4-2 老年組與年輕組前傾動作時,壓力中心穩定限度結果摘要表---47 表4-3 老年組與年輕組前傾動作時重心穩定限度結果摘要表-----------48 表4-4 老年組與年輕組不同支撐底面積下,前傾動作時重心線動量結果摘要表-------------------------------------------------------------------------------49 表4-5 老年組與年輕組不同支撐底面積下,前傾動作時重心線動量的混合設計二因子變異數分析摘要表----------------------------------------------51 表4-6 老年組與年輕組不同支撐底面積下,前傾動作時最大線動量時間點之混合設計二因子變異數分析摘要表-------------------------------------51 表4-7 老年組與年輕組不同支撐底面積下,前傾動作時重心角動量結果摘要表-------------------------------------------------------------------------------52 表4-8 老年組與年輕組不同支撐底面積下,前傾動作時重心角動量的混合設計二因子變異數分析摘要表----------------------------------------------53 表4-9 老年組與年輕組不同支撐底面積下,前傾動作時最大角動量時間點之混合設計二因子變異數分析摘要表-------------------------------------54 表4-10 壓力中心及重心穩定限度參數與重心線動量及角動量的相關矩 陣----------------------------------------------------------------------------------55 表4-11 重心線動量與角動量的同一測試者同日再測信度與不同測試者間信度摘要表--------------------------------------------------------------------56 圖次 圖1-1 車禍與跌倒併發症死亡率在各年齡層之比較-------------------------3 圖1-2 質點作圓周運動示意圖----------------------------------------------------6 圖2-1 功能性支撐底面積與年齡之關係--------------------------------------16 圖2-2 模擬人在站立時,往前倒與往後倒重心速度與位置關係---------17 圖2-3 最佳化的動態穩定限度模式--------------------------------------------18 圖2-4 坐到站時衝量與動量之關係--------------------------------------------20 圖2-5 以(a)快速、(b)中速及(c)慢速執行坐到站時,10 位受試者平均重心水平動量與垂直動量與時間的關係圖--------------------------------------21 圖2-6 不同速度下執行坐到站動作,水平方向與垂直方向上各肢段動量與時間關係圖----------------------------------------------------------------------22 圖2-7 老人與年輕人姿勢的改變-----------------------------------------------30 圖3-1 場地佈置圖-----------------------------------------------------------------36 圖3-2 反光球黏貼位置圖--------------------------------------------------------40 圖3-3 實驗之預備動作-----------------------------------------------------------40 圖3-4 實驗之結束動作-----------------------------------------------------------40 圖3-5 重心傾斜角定義圖--------------------------------------------------------42 圖3-6 動作起始點與動作完成點的定義示意圖-----------------------------43 圖4-1 年輕人前傾動作時,重心線動量與時間關係圖----------------------50 圖4-2 老人前傾動作時,重心線動量與時間關係圖-------------------------50 圖4-3 年輕人前傾動作時,重心角動量與時間關係圖----------------------53 圖4-4 老人前傾動作時,重心角動量與時間關係圖-------------------------53

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