目的：比較規律從事健走、游泳、瑜珈或是無運動習慣對中老年女性平衡能力與功能性體適能的影響。方法：以年齡在54—83歲間共141名中老年女性為研究對象，包含規律從事健走47名、游泳31名、瑜珈33名與無運動組30名。受試者均接受福樂進階平衡能力測驗與功能性體適能(坐姿站立、手臂屈舉、二分鐘原地踏步、坐椅伸展、後背伸展、八英尺站走、六分鐘走路)之測量。檢測數據以單因子變異數分析。結果：有運動的平衡分數顯著優於無運動組(健走組：37.3 ± 3.0分，游泳組：37.9 ± 2.3分，瑜珈組：38.0 ± 2.6分，無運動組：35.2 ± 4.6分，p < .05)，而不同運動型態間則未達顯著差異。游泳組的手臂屈舉、坐椅伸展、六分鐘走路與瑜珈組的坐椅伸展、後背伸展相較於無運動組明顯較佳(p < .05)。結論：規律運動中老年女性有較佳的平衡能力，游泳可增進上肢肌力、下肢柔軟度與心肺功能，瑜珈有助於改善上下肢柔軟度。

Purpose..To compare the balance and functional fitness within brisk walking, swimming, yoga, and non-exercise, for both middle-aged and elderly females. Methods..A total of 141 females aged between 54-83 years old were
recruited for the subjects, including 47 in brisk walking group, 31 in swimming group, 33 in yoga group, and 30 in non-exercise group. All the subjects received the Fullerton Advanced Balance Tests and the functional fitness tests which include chair standing test, arm curling test, 2-min stepping test, chair sit-and-reach test, back scratching test, 8-ft up-and-go test, and 6-min walking test. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.
Results..The balance scale of the exercise group was significantly better than the non-exercise group (brisk walking..37.3 ± 3.0 grades, swimming..37.9 ±2.3 grades, yoga..38.0 ± 2.6 grades, non-exercise..35.2 ± 4.6 grades, p < .05).
There was no difference in balance scale among 3 exercise groups. The arm curling test, chair sit-and-reach test, and 6-min walking test of the swimming group and the chair sit-and-reach test and back scratching test of the yoga group were outstandingly higher than the non-exercise group (p < .05).
Conclusions..The middle-aged and elderly females with regular exercise had better balance ability than non-exercise females. Swimming could enhance upper-muscle strength, lower-limbs flexibility, and cardiopulmonary function.
Yoga could increase upper and lower-limbs flexibility.

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