研究生: |
李佩穎 Li, Pei-Ying |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
動畫角色之行銷策略研究-以皮克斯為例 The Research of Marketing Strategies for Animated Characters-A Case Study of Pixar |
指導教授: | 劉立行 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
圖文傳播學系 Department of Graphic Arts and Communications |
論文出版年: | 2018 |
畢業學年度: | 106 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 95 |
中文關鍵詞: | 動畫角色 、皮克斯 、行銷策略 、內容行銷 、鑽石體系 |
英文關鍵詞: | animated characters, Pixar, marketing strategy, content marketing, diamond system |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/THE.NTNU.DGAC.001.2018.F05 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:329 下載:68 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
至今在動畫角色運用層面,隨著科技的技術進步以及多媒體開發與使用的普遍性,使得動畫角色多元化的應用,已與傳統趨勢發展不同。本研究嘗試拓展動畫角色分析項目,由行銷策略探討之皮克斯透過建構故事與角色過程。本研究將分析皮克斯如何在動畫故事中,發揮動畫角色的獨特性,並將故事與角色個性融合其中特色設計。本研究由以下切入點作為說明。首先,在動畫角色發展中,企業者如何規劃行銷策略。由企業品牌建立具有特色與價值的內容行銷,透過鑽石體系策略綜觀規劃因素,從故事角色提升至具有價值性的動畫角色。因此,企業者必須建立出行銷策略的作法,轉化並提升動畫角色的應用價值層面性質,這是為本研究分析之重點。本研究將分析皮克斯如何訂定與修正行銷策略。依照結合理論架構與個案探討達到研究結果。本研究分析發現動畫特色優勢及相關行銷策略推行則是皮克斯動畫角色特色的關鍵。企業具有優勢的實力,並能分工整合行銷策略,透過長期培育實力人才,必能夠發展出具有價值與創造力的特質。未來可進一步探討與深化之具有代表性的台灣動畫角色,更藉此推動與開創市場價值新局面。
At present, in the application of animated character, with the technological progress and popularity of multimedia development and use, the diversified applications of animated characters had been different from the traditional trend of development. This study attempted to expand the animated characters analysis project, from the marketing strategy to explore how Pixar constructed stories and characters. This study analyzed how Pixar played the animated character's unique role in the animated story, and combined the story with character design. This study was illustrated by the following three theories: First, in the animated character development, how should an enterprise plan the marketing strategy. The enterprise brand established a unique and valuable content marketing, through the Diamond System strategy overview the planning factors, from the story character elevated to a valuable animated character. Therefore, the enterprise must established the practice of marketing strategy, to transform and enhance the value of application of the animated characters, which was the focus of this study. This study analyzed the advancement process of how Pixar adjusted and modified the marketing strategy. We then combined the theoretical framework and case study to achieve the results of the study. This study found that the advantage of animated features and the implementation of the relevant marketing strategy were the key features of the Pixar animated character. Enterprises had competitive strengths, and worked together to integrate marketing strategy, through the long-term cultivation of talent, it was able to develop the value and creativity. In the future, we can further explore and deepen the representative animated characters in Taiwan, so as to promote and create new market value.
壹、中文文獻
王受之 (2009)。電腦動畫的震撼-電腦動畫的歷程與皮克斯動畫工作室。藝術家月刊,405, 216-233。
王信評(2000)。我國期貨市場競爭力分析--鑽石體系理論模型之應用(碩士論文,國立交通大學,2000)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
王筱璇(2004)。台灣動畫產業競爭優勢之研究﹘以鑽石體系的觀點分析之(碩士論文,國立中正大學,2004)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
白純菁(2008)。人格特質對產品多元專業屬性之偏好與廣告溝通效果之研究。 顧客滿意學刊,4(1), 1-33。
朱柔若(譯)(2000)。社會研究方法:質化與量化取向。(原作者:Neuman, L.)。臺北:揚智文化。(原著出版年:1997)
吳昭怡(2011)。角色行銷正流行。臺北:天下雜誌,379。
吳雲初、嚴定憲、林文肖、吳枕(2009)。 動畫角色表演。武漢:湖北美術。
周旭華(譯)(1998)。競爭策略(原作者:Michael E. Porter)。臺北市:天下文化。
周煌順(2015)。探討社群內容行銷模式(碩士論文,亞洲大學,2015)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
林秀雲(譯)(2016)。社會科學研究方法。(原作者:Babbie, E)。臺北:雙葉書廊。(原著出版年:1998)。
林嘉雯(2013)。中國大陸公關產業之研究-以鑽石體系為分析架構(碩士論文,輔仁大學,2013)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
林磐聳(1988)。企業識別系統/CIS。臺北:藝風堂。
姜俊邑(2015)。社群媒體之內容行銷研究-以快速消費品為例(碩士論文,國立政治大學,2015)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
施語喬(2015)。內容行銷對唇膏品牌購買意願的影響-以台灣VOGUE網站為例(碩士論文,元智大學,2015)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
袁信忠(譯)(2006)。創意3D動畫短片製作。(原作者:Cantor, J. & Valencia P.)。臺北:碁峰資訊。
高子梅(譯)(2008)。賈伯斯在想什麼。(原作者:Kahney, L. )。臺北:臉譜。
國際授權業協會(2016)。2015年全球授权商品零售额高达2517亿美元。取自http://www.limachina.org/events_detail/newsId=547.html
張春興(2013)。 現代心理學。臺北:東華。
張萱聆(2016)。台灣美容醫學產業競爭優勢之研究:以鑽石體系為分析架構(碩士論文,輔仁大學,2016)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
許長田(2005)。策略管理。新北市:新文京開發。
許雅喬(2016)。內容行銷之執與障礙(碩士論文,國立臺北大學,2016)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
許綠芸(2009)。皮克斯的不贏哲學。30雜誌,62,71。
陳宏聞(2014)。動物角色造型於動畫之探討。藝術研究學報,7(1),29-41。
陳俐君(2016)。臉書內容行銷策略分析:以花卉零售業產業為例(碩士論文,國立臺灣大學,2016)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
陳海璐(2011)。動畫角色設計。上海:人民美術出版社。
黃政淵、戴洛棻、蕭少嵫(譯)(2014)。故事的解剖。(原作者:McKee, R)。臺北:漫遊者文化。
楊千(2007)。策略管理:理論與實務。臺北市:華泰。
楊士賢(2002)。台灣電影產業國際競爭力與全球化策略情境規劃-波特「鑽石體系」之應用(碩士論文,國立中山大學,2002)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
楊劍雄(2016)。數位角色行銷秘訣:香蕉人談角色經濟。臺北:外貿協會。
經濟部工業局(2016)。2015Taiwan數位內容產業年鑑。。取自:https://www.moeaidb.gov.tw/external/ctlr?PRO=publication.rwdPublicationView&id=3186
葉步順(2010)。台灣發展醫療旅遊競爭優勢之探討-以Porter鑽石體系分析(碩士論文,國立臺北大學,2010)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
董旭英、黃儀娟(譯)(2000)。次級資料研究法。(原作者:Stewart, D. W. & Kamins M. A.)。臺北:弘智文化。(原著出版年:1993)
資策會(2004)。全球動畫市場發展現況。數位內容學院專題研究報告。臺北市:經濟部工業局。
資誠聯合會計師事務所(2015)。2015 全球娛樂暨媒體產業三大發展趨勢:跨界整合、雲端服務與創新體驗。取自http://www.pwc.tw/zh/news/media/media-20150713.html
趙碧華、朱美珍(譯)(2000)。研究方法:社會工作暨人文科學領域的運用(原作者:Rubi, A. & Babbie, E.)。臺北:學富文化。(原著出版年:1995)
劉立行(2009)。國家電影制度:政治、經濟、文化、產業之理論與實務。臺北:正中。
鄧成連(1999)。設計管理:產品設計之組織、溝通與運作。臺北:亞太圖書。
鄧麗萍(2015)。動畫教父帶領皮克斯30年好點子不斷的秘密。今周刊968。取自:http://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/80394/post/201507090042
鄭依庭(2015)。內容行銷在旅遊網站的有效性之相關研究(碩士論文,國立高雄第一科技大學,2015)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
薛義誠(2008)。策略規劃與管理。臺北市:雙葉書廊。
謝佳慧(譯)(1999)。畫夢巨人:迪士尼。(原作者:Grover, R.)。臺北市:美商麥格羅‧希爾。
簡英正(2003)。以麥可波特之鑽石體系探討台灣食品產業之競爭力及價值鏈模式探討食品企業之競爭力(碩士論文,東海大學,2003)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
魏雅文(2013)。探討網路環境中內容行銷:圖文資訊一致性對消費者閱讀資訊流暢度與產品態度之影響(碩士論文,國立中正大學,2013)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
蘇于倢(2014)。內容行銷對知覺品質及品牌承諾之研究:以松山文創園區為例(碩士論文,銘傳大學,2014)。全國碩博士論文資訊網。
盧斌(2014)。中國動漫產業發展報告。上海:社會科學文獻出版社。
貳、英文文獻
Aaker, D. A., & Joachimsthaler, E. (2000). The brand relationship spectrum: The key to the brand architecture challenge. California management review, 42(4), 8-23.
Aksoy, L., Bloom, P. N., Lurie, N. H., & Cooil, B. (2006). Should recommendation agents think like people? Journal of Service Research, 8(4), 297-315.
Amit, R., & Zott, C. (2001). Value creation in e-business. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 493-520.
Andrews, K. R. (1971). The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Homewood: Dow Jones-Irwin.
Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., & Brennan, R. (2011). Marketing: an introduction (Vol. 10). New Jersey: Pearson.
Ashley, C., & Tuten, T. (2015). Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement. Psychology & Marketing, 32(1), 15-27.
BBC (2006). Disney buys Pixar in $7.4bn deal. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4642116.stm
Box Office Mojo (2017). Overall record. Retrieved from http://www.boxofficemojo.com/
Brown, S. P., & Stayman, D. M. (1992). Antecedents and consequences of attitude toward the ad: A meta-analysis. Journal of consumer research, 19(1), 34-51.
Callcott, M. F., & Lee, W. N. (1994). A content analysis of animation and animated spokes-characters in television commercials. Journal of Advertising, 23(4), 1-12.
Callcott, M. F., & Phillips, B. J. (1996). Observations: Elves make good cookies: Creating likable spokes-character advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 36(5), 73-73.
Catmull, E., & Wallace, A. (2014). Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces That Stand in the Way of True Inspiration. Random House.
Chang, C., Chang, M., & Heh, J. S. (2015). National Palace Museum Adventure—A Mobile Educational Role-Playing Game for Museum Learning. In Ubiquitous Learning Environments and Technologies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Character Databank (2014) CharaBiz DATA 2014. Retrieved from https://www.charabiz.com/book_detail.php?tab=mem&article_id=6568
Chesbrough, H. W., Vanhaverbeke, W., & West, J. (2006). Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chobanyan, A., & Leigh, L. (2006). The competitive advantages of nations: Applying the Diamond model to Armenia. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 1(2), 147-164.
CNN (2006). Disney buys Pixar. House of Mouse is teaming up with Pixar in a $7.4 billion deal. Steve Jobs to become board member at Disney. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/24/news/companies/disney_pixar_deal/
CNN (2017). Disney's John Lasseter takes leave of absence, apologizes for unwanted gestures. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2017/11/21/media/john-lasseter-leave-of-absence-disney/index.html
Collett, S. (1999). SWOT Analysis. Computer World 33 (29), 19.
Content Marketing Institute & Marketing Pros (2017a). B2B Content Marketing. 2017 Benchmarks, Budgets, and Trends-North America. Retrieved from http://contentmarketinginstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/2017_B2B_Research_FINAL.pdf
Content Marketing Institute & Marketing Pros (2017b). B2C Content Marketing. 2017 Benchmarks, Budgets, and Trends-North America. Retrieved from http://contentmarketinginstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2017_B2C_Research_Final-rev-10-26-16.pdf
Cowley, S. (2012). Disney to buy Lucasfilm for $4 billion. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2012/10/30/technology/disney-buys-lucasfilm/index.html
Crozier, R. A. (2011). The engagement manifesto: a systemic approach to organisational success. AuthorHouse.
Dincer, C. (2011). The use of mobile advertising: Status and implications. Marmara University Journal of the Faculty of Economic & Administrative Sciences, 30, 341–363.
Disney Pixar (2017). Coco. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/DisneyPixar/
Disney Pixar (2017). Special Offers. Retrieved from http://www.disneystore.co.uk/characters/disney-pixar
Disney Pixar Facebook (2017). Disney Pixar Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/DisneyPixar/
Disney Pixar Twitter (2017). Disney Pixar Twitter. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/disneypixar
Disney Pixar YouTube (2017). Disney Pixar YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/user/DisneyPixar
Disney Pixar Instagram (2017). Disney Pixar Instagram. Retrieved from https://www.instagram.com/pixar/
Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition & emotion, 6(3-4), 169-200.
Ewalt, D. M. (2013). The 2013 Forbes Fictional 15. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2013/07/31/the-2013-forbes-fictional-15/#225f659867ff
Fetscherin, M., & Knolmayer, G. (2004). Business models for content delivery: an empirical analysis of the newspaper and magazine industry. International Journal on Media Management, 6(1-2), 4-11.
Folse, J. A. G., Burton, S., & Netemeyer, R. G. (2013). Defending brands: Effects of alignment of spokescharacter personality traits and corporate transgressions on brand trust and attitudes. Journal of Advertising, 42(4), 331-342.
Garretson, J. A., & Burton, S. (2005). The role of spokescharacters as advertisement and package cues in integrated marketing communications. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 118-132.
Garretson, J. A., & Niedrich, R. W. (2004). Spokes-characters: Creating character trust and positive brand attitudes. Journal of advertising, 33(2), 25-36.
Goldman, D. (2009). Disney to buy Marvel for $4 billion. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2009/08/31/news/companies/disney_marvel/
Golman, R., & Loewenstein, G. (2015). Curiosity, information gaps, and the utility of knowledge.
Google Trends (2017). Google Trends Content Marketing. Retrieved from https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=what%20is%20content%20marketing
Hawkins, D. I., & Mothersbaugh D. L. (2015). Consumer Behavior:Building Marketing Strategy(12th Ed.). Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin Mc Graw-Hill. (Original work publish 1998)
Hein, G. E. (2002). Learning in the Museum. Routledge.
Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., & Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach (11th Ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hodgetts, R. M. (1993). Porter’s Diamond Framework in Mexican Context. MIR: Management International Review, 41-54.
Holzwarth, M., Janiszewski, C., & Neumann, M. M. (2006). The Influence of Avatars on Online Consumer Shopping Behavior. Journal of Marketing, 70(4), 19-36.
Hosany, S., Prayag, G., Martin, D., & Lee, W. Y. (2013). Theory and strategies of anthropomorphic brand characters from Peter Rabbit, Mickey Mouse, and Ronald McDonald, to Hello Kitty. Journal of Marketing Management, 29(1-2), 48-68.
Huang, W. S., Hsieh, T., & Chen, H. S. (2011). The advertisement effectiveness of animated spokes-characters. African journal of business management, 5(23), 9971.
ICONIX animation (2014). Company introduction. Retrieved from http://www.iconix.co.kr/index.php?mid=icon1_06
Jin, S. A. A., & Sung, Y. (2008). The roles of spokes-avatars' personalities in brand communication in 3D virtual environments. Journal of Brand Management, 17(5), 317-327.
Jin, S. A., & Bolebruch, J. (2009). Avatar-based Advertising in Second Life: the Role of Presence and Attractiveness of Virtual Spokespersons, Journal of Interactive Advertising, 10(1), 51-60.
Joghee, S., & Kabiraj, S. (2013). Innovation in Product Promotions: A Case of Intended Use of Characters in the Chinese Market. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(1).
Kang, S. H., Feng, A. W., Leuski, A., Casas, D., & Shapiro, A. (2015). The effect of an animated virtual character on mobile chat interactions. ACM in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction. 105-112.
Kang, S. H., Feng, A. W., Seymour, M., & Shapiro, A. (2016). Smart Mobile Virtual Characters: Video Characters vs. Animated Characters. ACM in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Human Agent Interaction. 371-374.
Keeling, K., McGoldrick, P., & Beatty, S. (2010). Avatars as salespeople: Communication style, trust, and intentions. Journal of Business Research, 63(8), 793-800.
Keith, R. J. (1960). The Marketing Revolution. Journal of Marketing, 24 (1), 35-38.
Keller, K, L. (2003). Strategic brand management, Building, Measuring and Managing Brand Equity. USA: Pearson.
Khan, B. H. (2007). Flexible learning in an information society. Paper presented at the meeting of the I Idea Group Inc.
Koiso-Kanttila, N. (2004). Digital content marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 20 (1-2), 45-65.
Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Ang, S. H., Leong, S. M. & Tan, C. T. (2012). Marketing Management: An Asian Perspective. USA: Pearson Education.
Kotler, P. & Keller, K. L. (2006). Marketing Management (12th Ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing management: Millennium edition. Prentice Hall.
Kotler, P. (2004). Marketing Management. USA: Pearson Education.
Kotler, P. (2011). Marketing insights from A to Z: 80 concepts every manager needs to know. John Wiley & Sons.
Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H. & Setiawan, I. (2010). Marketing 3.0. From Products to Customers to the Human Spirit. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H., & Setiawan, I. (2016). Marketing 4.0: Moving from Traditional to Digital. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kraak, V. I., & Story, M. (2015). Influence of food companies' brand mascots and entertainment companies' cartoon media characters on children's diet and health: a systematic review and research needs. Obesity reviews, 16(2), 107-126.
Lambert, J. (2002). Digital storytelling: Capturing lives, creating community. Berkeley, CA: Center for Digital Storytelling.
Lambert, J. (2010). Digital Storytelling Cookbook. California: Digital Diner Press.
Lasseter, J. (2001). Tricks to Animating Characters with a Computer. ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, 35(2), 45-47.
Levy, L. (2016). To Pixar and Beyond: My Unlikely Journey with Steve Jobs to Make Entertainment History. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
License Global (2017). Pixar character. Retrieved from http://www.licensemag.com/license-global/search?filters=tid%3A70%20tid%3A71&keys=Pixar
Lieb, R. (2011). Content Marketing. Think Like a Publisher – How to Use Content to Market Online and in Social Media. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Publishing.Managing Brand Equity (2nd Ed.); Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
MarketLine (2017). Pixar Animation Studios Company Profile. MarketLine.
Meinel, D.(2016). Pixar's America : the re-animation of American myths and symbols. Berlin:Springer.
Merriam, S. B. (1988). Case study research in education: A qualitative approach. Jossey-Bass.
Minton, T (2016). Screen Rant, the 20 best animation studios ever, Ranked. Retrieved from https://screenrant.com/best-animation-studios-disney-pixar/
Mintzberg, H. (1987). The Strategy Concept 1: Five Ps for Strategy. California Management Review, 30(1).
Morris, M. H., Pitt, L. F. & Honeycutt, E. D. Jr. (2001). Business-to-Business Marketing. A Strategic Approach (3th Ed). California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Palmer, J. W., & Eriksen, L. B. (1999). Digital newspapers explore marketing on the Internet. Communications of the ACM, 42(9), 31-40.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. SAGE Publications.
Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Schumann, D. (1983). Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: The moderating role of involvement. Journal of consumer research, 10(2), 135-146.
Pixar (2017). Feature film. Retrieved from https://www.pixar.com/#feature-films-coco
Porter, M. E. (2008). Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. Simon and Schuster.
Porter, M.E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press
Premkumar, G. P. (2003). Alternative distribution strategies for digital music. Communications of the ACM, 46(5), 89-85.
Price, D. A. (2009). The Pixar Touch: The Making of a Company. Vintage.
Pulizzi, J. & Barrett, N. (2009). Get Content Get Customers. Turn Prospects into Buyers with Content Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Raugust, K. (2004). The Animation Business Handbook. NY: St. Martin’s Press.
Richwine, L. (2017). Disney-Pixar animation executive Lasseter takes leave after 'missteps': memo. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-walt-disney-animation-lasseter/disney-pixar-animation-executive-lasseter-takes-leave-after-missteps-memo-idUSKBN1DL2OR
Roberts, B., Hogan, R. (2001). Personality psychology in the workplace. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Rosendale, J. A. (2015). New Communication Technologies in Organization Communications and Branding: The Integral Role Social Media Now Play. Florida Communication Journal, 43(2).
Rovio (2016). Media. Retrieved from http://www.rovio.com/advertising
Rowley, J. (2008). Understanding digital content marketing. Journal of marketing management, 24(5-6), 517-540.
Statistics Portal Statista (2016). Consumer product revenue of The Walt Disney Company in fiscal years 2009 to 2016, by segment. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/294132/consumer-product-revenue-of-the-walt-disney-company-by-segment/
Statistics Portal Statista (2016). Leading merchandise licensors worldwide in 2016, by retail sales. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/294111/leading-organizations-in-licensed-merchandise-worldwide/
Statistics Portal Statista (2017). Revenue of the Walt Disney Company in the fiscal year 2017, by operating segment. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/193140/revenue-of-the-walt-disney-company-by-operating-segment/
Statistics Portal Statista (2017). Total assets of the Walt Disney Company in the fiscal years 2006 to 2017. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/193136/total-assets-of-the-walt-disney-company-since-2006/Swatman, P. M. C., Krueger, C., & Van der Beek, K. (2006). The changing digital content landscape: an evaluation of e-business model development in European online news and music. Internet Research, 16(1), 53-80.
The Association of Japanese Animation (2015). Report on Japanese Animation Industry 2015. Retrieved from http://aja.gr.jp/english/japan-anime-data
TVN (2011). John Lasseter - The golden rules for a great film, according to Mr. Pixar. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWJ2E7JzKiA
Tzang, Y. J., Chi, T. Y., Chang, H. Y., Tzang, C. H., & Huang, C. Y. (2016). Novel Application of Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming to Components Designed for Game or Animation Characters. Journal of Internet Technology, 17(7), 1383-1390.
Vaccaro, V. L., & Cohn, D. Y. (2004). The evolution of business models and marketing strategies in the music industry. International Journal on Media Management, 6(1-2), 46-58.
Webster, F. E. (1995). Industrial marketing strategy. University of Texas Press.
Weebly (2017). Character design. Retrieved from http://pixar-animation.weebly.com/character-design.html
Weihrich, H. (1982). The TOWS matrix--A tool for situational analysis. Long Rang Planning, 15(2), 52-64.
Willett, N., Lee, I., & Castaneda, O. (2010). Animation Production Pipeline. Retrieved from http://physbam.stanford.edu/cs448x/old/Animation_Production_Pipeline_(2d)_Nora_Willett.html
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. (1997). Mass Media Research:An Introduction (5th Ed.). Belmont,CA: Wadsworth.
Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods. USA: Sage publications.
Yin, R. K., Bateman, P. G., & Moore, G. B. (1985). Case studies and organizational
innovation: Strengthening the connection. Knowledge, 6(3), 249-260.