簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 廖會心
Liao, Hui-Hsin
論文名稱: 感受當責對於工作敬業度及主動行為影響之研究-以組織氣候、獲取資源為調節變項
The Influence of Felt Accountability on Work Engagement and Proactive Behavior: the Moderating Roles of Organizational Climate and Access to Resources
指導教授: 張敬珣
Chang, Ching-Hsun
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 科技應用與人力資源發展學系
Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development
論文出版年: 2019
畢業學年度: 107
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 127
中文關鍵詞: 感受當責工作敬業度主動行為組織氣候獲取資源
英文關鍵詞: Felt accountability, Work engagement, Proactive behavior, Organizational climate, Access to resources
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU201900214
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:281下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 當責為近年企業管理者所注重的管理議題,管理者期望員工有承擔責任的能力與意願,同時展現工作敬業度與主動行為,進而提升企業的競爭力。但承擔責任的同時,亦帶來相對的壓力與不確定性,因此本研究探討組織氣候-知覺組織目標明確程度、知覺組織績效回饋,以及個體獲取資源-資源資訊取得、知覺組織福祉在感受當責對工作敬業度、主動行為影響上的調節效果。
    本研究以紙本及線上問卷調查法進行便利抽樣,共計回收有效問卷426份,並使用SPSS統計軟體進行分析。研究結果發現:
    (1)感受當責對於工作敬業度、主動行為有顯著正向影響。
    (2)對於40歲以上或年資較長的員工,個體獲取資源能夠正向調節感受當責對工作敬業度或主動行為的正向影響。
    (3)對於資深員工或資訊科技業工作者而言,知覺組織績效回饋在感受當責對工作敬業度的影響上產生了負向調節效果。
    綜合上述研究結果,本研究提出管理意涵及未來研究建議,鼓勵企業針對不同背景的員工給予不同的管理方式,以發揮員工的最大潛能與最佳表現。

    Recently, accountability is a management issue that managers pay attention to. Managers expect employees to have the ability and willingness to take responsibility, and at the same time show work engagement and proactive behavior to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. However, while taking responsibility, it also brings pressure and uncertainty to employees. Therefore, this study explores the moderation effect of organizational climate: perceived the clarity of organizational goals, perceived organizational performance feedback, access to resources, and perceived organizational well-being.
    In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted, a total of 426 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed by SPSS. The results of the study found that:
    (1) Felt accountability has a significant positive impact on work engagement and proactive behavior.
    (2) For employees over 40 years of age or older, their access to resources will positively moderate the positive impact of work engagement or proactive behavior.
    (3) For senior staff or for IT industry workers, their perceived organizational performance feedback has a negative moderating effect on work engagement.
    Finally, this study proposes management implications and future research suggestions, and encourages managers to have different management strategy to employees of different backgrounds in order to maximize their potential and performance.

    謝 誌 i 中文摘要 ii ABSTRACT iii 目 錄 v 表 次 vii 圖 次 x 第一章 緒 論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與待答問題 4 第三節 名詞解釋 5 第二章 文獻探討 7 第一節 理論基礎 7 第二節 感受當責 10 第三節 工作敬業度 19 第四節 主動行為 24 第五節 組織氣候 29 第六節 獲取資源 34 第七節 假設推導 37 第三章 研究方法 43 第一節 研究架構 43 第二節 研究假設 44 第三節 研究對象 45 第四節 研究工具 47 第五節 研究程序 53 第六節 資料處理與分析 54 第四章 研究結果 55 第一節 預試問卷項目分析結果 55 第二節 描述性統計分析 58 第三節 相關分析 60 第四節 驗證性因素分析 61 第五節 迴歸分析 63 第六節 控制變項檢定 65 第七節 研究假設檢定與結果 82 第五章 結論與建議 91 第一節 研究發現與討論 91 第二節 管理意涵 98 第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議 101 參考文獻 103 附錄 124

    一、中文部分
    方鈺如(2002)。人際信任、社會資本與工作滿意度之相關性研究。國立海洋大學航運管理學系碩士論文,基隆市。
    張文隆(2006)。當責。台北市:中國生產力中心。
    莊堯巽、劉念琪(2008)。員工組織氣候感知與工作態度之關聯-以 A 公司為例。國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,桃園市。
    彭台光、高月慈、林鉦棽(2006)。管理研究中的共同方法變異:問題本質、影響、測試和補救。管理學報,23(1),77-98。
    EMBA雜誌編輯部(2018)。自主當責由「我」開始。EMBA雜誌382期。

    二、英文部分
    Açıkgöz, A., & Günsel, A. (2011). The effects of organizational climate on team innovativeness. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 920-927.
    Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S.W. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17-40.
    Akdere, M. (2005). Social capital theory and implications for human resource development. Singapore Management Review, 27(2), 1-25.
    Albrech, S. L. (2011). Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice. Human Resource Management International Digest, 19(7).
    Altmann, R. (2000). Forecasting your organizational climate. Journal of Property Management, 65(4), 62-62.
    Ashford, S. J., & Black, J. S. (1996). Proactivity during organizational entry: The role of desire for control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(2), 199-214.
    Babcock-Roberson, M. E., & Strickland, O. J. (2010). The relationship between charismatic leadership, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Journal of Psychology, 144(3), 313-326.
    Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13(3), 209-223.
    Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103-118.
    Belschak, F. D., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2010). Pro‐self, prosocial, and pro‐organizational foci of proactive behaviour: Differential antecedents and consequences. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(2), 475-498.
    Blau, P. (1964). Power and exchange in social life. New York: J Wiley & Sons.
    Bolino, M., Long, D., & Turnley, W. (2016). Impression management in organizations: Critical questions, answers, and areas for future research. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3, 377-406.
    Bolino, M. C. (1999). Citizenship and impression management: Good soldiers or good actors? Academy of Management Review, 24(1), 82-98.
    Bolino, M. C., Kacmar, K. M., Turnley, W. H., & Gilstrap, J. B. (2008). A multi-level review of impression management motives and behaviors. Journal of Management, 34(6), 1080-1109.
    Bolino, M. C., & Turnley, W. H. (2005). The personal costs of citizenship behavior: the relationship between individual initiative and role overload, job stress, and work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 740-748.
    Borucki, C. C., & Burke, M. J. (1999). An examination of service‐related antecedents to retail store performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(6), 943-962.
    Bowen, D. E., & Ostroff, C. (2004). Understanding HRM–firm performance linkages: The role of the “strength” of the HRM system. Academy of Management Review, 29(2), 203-221.
    Bozeman, D. P., & Kacmar, K. M. (1997). A cybernetic model of impression management processes in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69(1), 9-30.
    Brass, D. J. (1984). Being in the right place: A structural analysis of individual influence in an organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(4), 518-539.
    Brass, D. J., & Burkhardt, M. E. (1993). Potential power and power use: An investigation of structure and behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 36(3), 441-470.
    Breaux, D. M., Munyon, T. P., Hochwarter, W. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2009). Politics as a moderator of the accountability—job satisfaction relationship: Evidence across three studies. Journal of Management, 35(2), 307-326.
    Breaux, D. M., Perrewé, P. L., Hall, A. T., Frink, D. D., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2008). Time to try a little tenderness? The detrimental effects of accountability when coupled with abusive supervision. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15(2), 111-122.
    Brinton, M. C. (2000). Social capital in the Japanese youth labor market: Labor market policy, schools, and norms. Policy Sciences, 33(3-4), 289-306.
    Brown, S. P., & Leigh, T. W. (1996). A new look at psychological climate and its relationship to job involvement, effort, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 358-368.
    Cascio, W. F. (1991). Costing human resources: The financial impact of behavior in organizations: Thomson South-Western.
    Chiaburu, D. S., Baker, V. L., & Pitariu, A. H. (2006). Beyond being proactive: what (else) matters for career self-management behaviors? Career Development International, 11(7), 619-632.
    Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89-136.
    Christian, M. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2007). Work engagement: A meta-analytic review and directions for research in an emerging area. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Proceedings.
    Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95-120.
    Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435-462.
    Cummings, L. L., & Anton, R. J. (1990). The logical and appreciative dimensions of accountability. San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass.
    De Cremer, D., & Van Dijk, E. (2009). Paying for sanctions in social dilemmas: The effects of endowment asymmetry and accountability. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 109(1), 45-55.
    De Dreu, C. K., & van Knippenberg, D. (2005). The possessive self as a barrier to conflict resolution: effects of mere ownership, process accountability, and self-concept clarity on competitive cognitions and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(3), 345-357.
    Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512.
    Dessler, G. (1976). Organization and management: A contingency approach. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall.
    Detert, J. R., & Edmondson, A. C. (2011). Implicit voice theories: Taken-for-granted rules of self-censorship at work. Academy of Management Journal, 54(3), 461-488.
    Dose, J. J., & Klimoski, R. J. (1995). Doing the right thing in the workplace: Responsibility in the face of accountability. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 8(1), 35-56.
    Downey, H. K., Don, H., & Slocum Jr, J. W. (1975). Congruence Between Individual Needs, Organizational Climate, Job Satisfaction and Performance1. Academy of Management Journal, 18(1), 149-155.
    Edwards, J. R., Cable, D. M., Williamson, I. O., Lambert, L. S., & Shipp, A. J. (2006). The phenomenology of fit: linking the person and environment to the subjective experience of person-environment fit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 802-827.
    Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42-51.
    Eisenberger, R., Cummings, J., Armeli, S., & Lynch, P. (1997). Perceived organizational support, discretionary treatment, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(5), 812-820.
    Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507.
    Erdogan, B., Sparrowe, R. T., Liden, R. C., & Dunegan, K. J. (2004). Implications of organizational exchanges for accountability theory. Human Resource Management Review, 14(1), 19-45.
    Ferris, G. R., Mitchell, T. R., Canavan, P. J., Frink, D. D., & Hopper, H. (1995). Accountability in human resource systems. Handbook of human resource management.
    Forehand, G. A., & Von Haller, G. (1964). Environmental variation in studies of organizational behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 62(6), 361-382.
    Frederick, H. R., Wood, J. A. A., West, G. R. B., & Winston, B. E. (2016). The Effect of the Accountability Variables of Responsibility, Openness, and Answerability on Authentic Leadership. Journal of Research on Christian Education, 25(3), 302-316.
    French, J., & Raven, B. (1968). The bases ofsocial power. Studies in Social Power, 150-167.
    Frese, M., & Fay, D. (2001). Personal initiative: An active performance concept for work in the 21st century. Research in Organizational Behavior, 23, 133-187.
    Frink, D. D., & Ferris, G. R. (1999). The moderating effects of accountability on the conscientiousness-performance relationship. Journal of Business and Psychology, 13(4), 515-524.
    Frink, D. D., & Klimoski, R. J. (1998). Toward a theory of accountability in organizations and human resource management. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 16, 1-51
    Frink, D. D., & Klimoski, R. J. (2004). Advancing accountability theory and practice: Introduction to the human resource management review special edition. Human Resource Management Review, 14(1), 1-17.
    Fujimoto, Y., Ferdous, A. S., Sekiguchi, T., & Sugianto, L.F. (2016). The effect of mobile technology usage on work engagement and emotional exhaustion in Japan. Journal of Business Research, 69(9), 3315-3323.
    Fuller, J. B., Marler, L. E., & Hester, K. (2006). Promoting felt responsibility for constructive change and proactive behavior: Exploring aspects of an elaborated model of work design. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 27(8), 1089-1120.
    Gist, M. E., & Mitchell, T. R. (1992). Self-efficacy: A theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability. Academy of Management Review, 17(2), 183-211.
    Glick, W. H. (1985). Conceptualizing and measuring organizational and psychological climate: Pitfalls in multilevel research. Academy of Management Review, 10(3), 601-616.
    Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 3-34.
    Grant, A. M., Parker, S., & Collins, C. (2009). Getting credit for proactive behavior: Supervisor reactions depend on what you value and how you feel. Personnel Psychology, 62(1), 31-55.
    Green, M. C., Visser, P. S., & Tetlock, P. E. (2000). Coping with accountability cross-pressures: Low-effort evasive tactics and high-effort quests for complex compromises. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(11), 1380-1391.
    Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Parker, S. K. (2007). A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 327-347.
    Griffin, M. L. (2001). Job satisfaction among detention officers: Assessing the relative contribution of organizational climate variables. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29(3), 219-232.
    Guzley, R. M. (1992). Organizational climate and communication climate: Predictors of commitment to the organization. Management Communication Quarterly, 5(4), 379-402.
    Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. MA: Addison-Wesley.
    Hall, A. T., Bowen, M. G., Ferris, G. R., Royle, M. T., & Fitzgibbons, D. E. (2007). The accountability lens: A new way to view management issues. Business Horizons, 50(5), 405-413.
    Hall, A. T., & Ferris, G. R. (2011). Accountability and extra-role behavior. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 23(2), 131-144.
    Hall, A. T., Frink, D. D., Ferris, G. R., Hochwarter, W. A., Kacmar, C. J., & Bowen, M. (2003). Accountability in human resources management. New Directions in Human Resource Management, 29-63.
    Hall, A. T., Royle, M. T., Brymer, R. A., Perrewé, P. L., Ferris, G. R., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2006). Relationships between felt accountability as a stressor and strain reactions: The neutralizing role of autonomy across two studies. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(1), 87.
    Hall, A. T., Zinko, R., Perryman, A. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2009). Organizational citizenship behavior and reputation: Mediators in the relationships between accountability and job performance and satisfaction. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15(4), 381-392.
    Hallberg, U. E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). “Same same” but different? Can work engagement be discriminated from job involvement and organizational commitment? European Psychologist, 11(2), 119-127.
    Harvey, S., Blouin, C., & Stout, D. (2006). Proactive personality as a moderator of outcomes for young workers experiencing conflict at work. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(5), 1063-1074.
    Haslam, S. A., Eggins, R. A., & Reynolds, K. J. (2003). The ASPIRe model: Actualizing social and personal identity resources to enhance organizational outcomes. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76(1), 83-113.
    Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524.
    Hochwarter, W. A., Ferris, G. R., Gavin, M. B., Perrewé, P. L., Hall, A. T., & Frink, D. D. (2007). Political skill as neutralizer of felt accountability—job tension effects on job performance ratings: A longitudinal investigation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(2), 226-239.
    Hochwarter, W. A., Kacmar, C., & Ferris, G. (2003). Accountability at work: An examination of antecedents and consequences. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Orlando, FL.
    Hochwarter, W. A., Perrewé, P. L., Hall, A. T., & Ferris, G. R. (2005). Negative affectivity as a moderator of the form and magnitude of the relationship between felt accountability and job tension. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 26(5), 517-534.
    Ilies, R., & Judge, T. A. (2005). Goal regulation across time: the effects of feedback and affect. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(3), 453-467.
    Isen, A. M., & Reeve, J. (2005). The influence of positive affect on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Facilitating enjoyment of play, responsible work behavior, and self-control. Motivation and Emotion, 29(4), 295-323.
    James, L. R., Choi, C. C., Ko, C.-H. E., McNeil, P. K., Minton, M. K., Wright, M. A., & Kim, K.i. (2008). Organizational and psychological climate: A review of theory and research. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17(1), 5-32.
    James, L. R., & Jones, A. P. (1976). Organizational structure: A review of structural dimensions and their conceptual relationships with individual attitudes and behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(1), 74-113.
    Jones, A. P., & James, L. R. (1979). Psychological climate: Dimensions and relationships of individual and aggregated work environment perceptions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 23(2), 201-250.
    Jones, J. R., & Harter, J. K. (2005). Race effects on the employee engagement-turnover intention relationship. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 11(2), 78-88.
    Joyce, W. F., & Slocum, J. W. (1979). Climates in organizations. Organizational Behavior, 317, 333.
    Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(3), 341-349.
    Karasek Jr, R. A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 285-308.
    Kaya, N., Koc, E., & Topcu, D. (2010). An exploratory analysis of the influence of human resource management activities and organizational climate on job satisfaction in Turkish banks. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(11), 2031-2051.
    Kickul, J., & Gundry, L. (2002). Prospecting for strategic advantage: The proactive entrepreneurial personality and small firm innovation. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(2), 85-97.
    Kilduff, M., & Krackhardt, D. (1994). Bringing the individual back in: A structural analysis of the internal market for reputation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 37(1), 87-108.
    Klimoski, R., & Inks, L. (1990). Accountability forces in performance appraisal. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 45(2), 194-208.
    Kraines, G. (2011). Accountability leadership: How to strengthen productivity through sound managerial leadership: Tang Kinh Cac.
    Laird, M. D., Perryman, A. A., Hochwarter, W. A., Ferris, G. R., & Zinko, R. (2009). The moderating effects of personal reputation on accountability-strain relationships. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(1), 70-83.
    Lanivich, S. E., Brees, J. R., Hochwarter, W. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2010). PE Fit as moderator of the accountability–employee reactions relationships: Convergent results across two samples. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(3), 425-436.
    Latham, G. P., & Locke, E. A. (2006). Enhancing the benefits and overcoming the pitfalls of goal setting. Organizational Dynamics, 35(4), 332-340.
    Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), 34-47.
    Lee, J., & Ok, C. M. (2016). Hotel employee work engagement and its consequences. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 25(2), 133-166.
    Lerner, J. S., & Tetlock, P. E. (1999). Accounting for the effects of accountability. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 255-275.
    Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science. New York: Harper: Row.
    Likert, R. (1967). The human organization: its management and values. New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill.
    Litwin, G. H., & Stringer, R. A. (1968). Motivation and organizational climate. Oxford, England: Harvard U., Graduate School of Busi.
    Llorens, S., Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W., & Salanova, M. (2006). Testing the robustness of the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 13(3), 378-391.
    Locke, E. A. (1968). Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3(2), 157-189.
    London, M., Smither, J. W., & Adsit, D. J. (1997). Accountability: The Achilles' heel of multisource feedback. Group & Organization Management, 22(2), 162-184.
    Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3-30.
    Martin, S. L., Liao, H., & Campbell, E. M. (2013). Directive versus empowering leadership: A field experiment comparing impacts on task proficiency and proactivity. Academy of Management Journal, 56(5), 1372-1395.
    Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-422.
    Matta, F. K., Scott, B. A., Koopman, J., & Conlon, D. E. (2015). Does seeing “eye to eye” affect work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior? A role theory perspective on LMX agreement. Academy of Management Journal, 58(6), 1686-1708.
    McMurray, A. J., Scott, D. R., & Pace, R. W. (2004). The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational climate in manufacturing. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(4), 473-488.
    Mero, N. P., Guidice, R. M., & Anna, A. L. (2006). The interacting effects of accountability and individual differences on rater response to a performance‐rating task. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(4), 795-819.
    Mero, N. P., Guidice, R. M., & Brownlee, A. L. (2007). Accountability in a performance appraisal context: The effect of audience and form of accounting on rater response and behavior. Journal of Management, 33(2), 223-252.
    Mero, N. P., Guidice, R. M., & Werner, S. (2014). A field study of the antecedents and performance consequences of perceived accountability. Journal of Management, 40(6), 1627-1652.
    Mitchell, T. R., Hopper, H., Daniels, D., Falvy, J. G., & Ferris, G. R. (1998). Power, accountability, and inappropriate actions. Applied Psychology, 47(4), 497-517.
    Monnier, J., Cameron, R. P., Hobfoll, S. E., & Gribble, J. R. (2002). The impact of resource loss and critical incidents on psychological functioning in fire-emergency workers: A pilot study. International Journal of Stress Management, 9(1), 11-29.
    Morrison, E. W. (2002). Newcomers' relationships: The role of social network ties during socialization. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1149-1160.
    Morrison, E. W., & Phelps, C. C. (1999). Taking charge at work: Extrarole efforts to initiate workplace change. Academy of Management Journal, 42(4), 403-419.
    Mouw, T. (2003). Social capital and finding a job: do contacts matter? American Sociological Review, 868-898.
    Ohly, S., & Fritz, C. (2007). Challenging the status quo: What motivates proactive behaviour? Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80(4), 623-629.
    Olckers, C., & Du Plessis, Y. (2012). Psychological ownership: A managerial construct for talent retention and organisational effectiveness. African Journal of Business Management, 6(7), 2585-2596.
    Parker, S. K. (2007). That is my job' How employees' role orientation affects their job performance. Human Relations, 60(3), 403-434.
    Parker, S. K., & Collins, C. G. (2010). Taking stock: Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors. Journal of Management, 36(3), 633-662.
    Parker, S. K., Wall, T. D., & Jackson, P. R. (1997). “That's not my job”: Developing flexible employee work orientations. Academy of Management Journal, 40(4), 899-929.
    Patterson, M. G., West, M. A., Shackleton, V. J., Dawson, J. F., Lawthom, R., Maitlis, S., . . . Wallace, A. M. (2005). Validating the organizational climate measure: links to managerial practices, productivity and innovation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 379-408.
    Peloza, J., White, K., & Shang, J. (2013). Good and guilt-free: The role of self-accountability in influencing preferences for products with ethical attributes. Journal of Marketing, 77(1), 104-119.
    Pritchard, R. D., & Karasick, B. W. (1973). The effects of organizational climate on managerial job performance and job satisfaction. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 9(1), 126-146.
    Quinn, R. E., & McGrath, M. R. (1985). The transformation of organizational cultures: A competing values perspective. Organizational culture. 315-334.
    Quinn, R. E., & Rohrbaugh, J. (1981). A competing values approach to organizational effectiveness. Public Productivity Review, 122-140.
    Quinn, R. E., & Rohrbaugh, J. (1983). A spatial model of effectiveness criteria: Towards a competing values approach to organizational analysis. Management Science, 29(3), 363-377.
    Rank, J., Carsten, J. M., Unger, J. M., & Spector, P. E. (2007). Proactive customer service performance: Relationships with individual, task, and leadership variables. Human Performance, 20(4), 363-390.
    Rank, J., Pace, V. L., & Frese, M. (2004). Three avenues for future research on creativity, innovation, and initiative. Applied Psychology, 53(4), 518-528.
    Riketta, M., & Landerer, A. (2002). Organizational commitment, accountability, and work behavior: A correlational study. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 30(7), 653-660.
    Rioux, S. M., & Penner, L. A. (2001). The causes of organizational citizenship behavior: a motivational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(6), 1306.
    Robbins, S. P. (2001). Organisational behaviour: Global and Southern African perspectives: Pearson South Africa.
    Rogers, E. D., Miles Jr, W. G., & Biggs, W. D. (1980). The factor replicability of the Litwin and Stringer organizational climate questionnaire: an inter and intra-organizational assessment. Journal of Management, 6(1), 65-78.
    Rothbard, N. P. (2001). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(4), 655-684.
    Royle, M. T., Hall, A. T., Hochwarter, W. A., Perrewé, P. L., & Ferris, G. R. (2005). The interactive effects of accountability and job self-efficacy on organizational citizenship behavior and political behavior. Organizational Analysis, 13(1), 53-71.
    Russell, J. A., & Barrett, L. F. (1999). Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: Dissecting the elephant. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(5), 805-819.
    Salanova, M., Agut, S., & Peiró, J. M. (2005). Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: the mediation of service climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1217-1227.
    Salanova, M., Llorens, S., Cifre, E., Martínez, I. M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2003). Perceived collective efficacy, subjective well-being and task performance among electronic work groups: An experimental study. Small Group Research, 34(1), 43-73.
    Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
    Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701-716.
    Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
    Schein, E. H. (1984). Coming to a new awareness of organizational culture. Sloan Management Review, 25(2), 3-16.
    Schlenker, B. R. (1985). Identity and self-identification. The Self and Social Life, 65, 99.
    Schlenker, B. R., Britt, T. W., Pennington, J., Murphy, R., & Doherty, K. (1994). The triangle model of responsibility. Psychological Review, 101(4), 632-652.
    Schlenker, B. R., Weigold, M. F., & Doherty, K. (1991).Coping with accountability: Self-identification and evaluative reckonings. Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective, 96-115.
    Schneider, B. (1975). Organizational climates: An essay 1. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 447-479.
    Schneider, B. (1990). Organizational climate and culture: Pfeiffer.
    Schneider, B. (2000). The psychological life of organizations. Handbook of Organizational Culture and Climate, 17-21.
    Schneider, B., & Bartlett, C. J. (1968). Individual differences and organizational climate: The research plan and questionnaire development. Personnel Psychology, 21(3), 323-333.
    Schneider, B., & Hall, D. T. (1972). Toward specifying the concept of work climate: A study of Roman Catholic diocesan priests. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56(6), 447-455.
    Schneider, B., White, S. S., & Paul, M. C. (1998). Linking service climate and customer perceptions of service quality: Tests of a causal model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 150-163.
    Seibert, S. E., Crant, J. M., & Kraimer, M. L. (1999). Proactive personality and career success. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), 416-427.
    Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Crant, J. M. (2001). What do proactive people do? A longitudinal model linking proactive personality and career success. Personnel Psychology, 54(4), 845-874.
    Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Liden, R. C. (2001). A social capital theory of career success. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 219-237.
    Selznick, P. (1957). Leadership in Administration, Row. Evanston, Illinois: Peterson and Company.
    Sonnentag, S. (2003). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: a new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518-528.
    Spreitzer, G. M. (1996). Social structural characteristics of psychological empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), 483-504.
    Strauss, K., Griffin, M. A., & Rafferty, A. E. (2009). Proactivity directed toward the team and organization: The role of leadership, commitment and role‐breadth self‐efficacy. British Journal of Management, 20(3), 279-291.
    Svyantek, D. J., & Bott, J. P. (2004). Organizational culture and organizational climate measures: An integrative review. Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment, 507-524.
    Tedeschi, J. T., & Melburg, V. (1984). Impression management and influence in the organization. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 3, 31-58.
    Tetlock, P. E. (1985). Accountability: A social check on the fundamental attribution error. Social Psychology Quarterly, 227-236.
    Tetlock, P. E. (1992). The impact of accountability on judgment and choice: Toward a social contingency model Advances in experimental social psychology, 25, 331-376.
    Thompson, J. A. (2005). Proactive personality and job performance: a social capital perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 1011-1017.
    Thoms, P., Dose, J. J., & Scott, K. S. (2002). Relationships between accountability, job satisfaction, and trust. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 13(3), 307-323.
    Tornau, K., & Frese, M. (2013). Construct clean‐up in proactivity research: A meta‐analysis on the nomological net of work‐related proactivity concepts and their incremental validities. Applied Psychology, 62(1), 44-96.
    Tsui, A. S. (1984). A role set analysis of managerial reputation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 34(1), 64-96.
    Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108-119.
    Van Scotter, J., Motowidlo, S. J., & Cross, T. C. (2000). Effects of task performance and contextual performance on systemic rewards. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(4), 526-535.
    Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2004). Understanding self-regulation: An introduction. Handbook of Self-regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications, 1-9.
    Weick, K. E. (1979). The Social Psychology of Organizing. McGraw-Hill, 18(2), 189-193.
    Weigold, M. F., & Schlenker, B. R. (1991). Accountability and risk taking. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17(1), 25-29.
    Wikhamn, W., & T. Hall, A. (2014). Accountability and satisfaction: organizational support as a moderator. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(5), 458-471.
    Wood Jr, J., & Winston, B. E. (2005). Toward a new understanding of leader accountability: Defining a critical construct. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 11(3), 84-94.
    Wu, C. H., Parker, S. K., Wu, L. Z., & Lee, C. (2018). When and why people engage in different forms of proactive behavior: Interactive effects of self-construals and work characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 61(1), 293-323.
    Zhang, H., & Jin, R. T. (2006). Value-added of human capital through complementary capital. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 9(1), 191-196.
    Zick, A., & Schein, E. (2000). Organizational Culture and Leadership: A Dynamic View. Hauptwerke der Organistionstheorie, 269-299.

    無法下載圖示 本全文未授權公開
    QR CODE