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研究生: 余雅萍
Yu Ya-ping
論文名稱: 學童版中式飲食頻率問卷之發展研究
The development of a food frequency questionnaire for school children
指導教授: 盧立卿
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 人類發展與家庭學系
Department of Human Development and Family Studies
論文出版年: 2003
畢業學年度: 91
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 180
中文關鍵詞: 飲食評估法中式飲食頻率問卷效度研究國小學童
英文關鍵詞: Chinese food frequency questionnaire, dietary assessment, validation study, school children
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:396下載:75
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  • 本研究目的為發展適用於國小高年級以上學童自填的中式飲食頻率問卷,內容包括飲食項
    目、飲食頻率及飲食份量,期望未來能收集大樣本的長期飲食攝取資料,為國內學童飲食
    研究及探測相關假說的重要基礎工具。研究先進行18位7-12歲學童之飲食訪談與質性觀察
    ,作為設計問卷的基本質性資料,並使用衛生署家庭飲食與健康研究中國小學童(n=197)之
    24小時飲食回憶(24-h recall)資料為研發問卷之量性資料依據。問卷架構考慮學童之回憶
    能力,分為三餐次、點心及飲料五大類,先將24小時飲食回憶資料中625項食物歸為96小類
    後再計算各類的營養素貢獻率,最後決定放入問卷的飲食項目共80項,並於問卷最後開放
    填寫未出現但食用頻率高的食物項目。飲食頻率為從未~大於7次/週共6種。質性研究發現
    學童無法明確說明份量,因此飲食份量採單一份量,份量的運算克數參考市售份量及24h-
    recall的平均攝取量。研究並進行兩次效度分析,第一次效度分析為了解問卷的合適性,
    將原24h-recall(n=110)的食物填入設計的問卷後,計算營養素攝取量並與原24h-recall之
    結果相比較。第二次為相對效度分析,由古亭國小五、六年級學童(n=36)自填學童版中式
    飲食頻率問卷及1天飲食記錄,比較兩種評估方式的結果。第一次效度之研究結果發現中式
    飲食頻率問卷之營養素貢獻率平均達92%,且與24h-recall的營養素相關係數為0.34~0.78
    ,皆達顯著差異(p<0.01)。第二次效度之研究結果發現:1.國小五、六年級學童大部分能
    自行填寫此問卷。2. 審查為無效問卷者佔29%。3.由於學童自行填寫飲食記錄之結果普遍
    低估,除維生素C及鈣之攝取量在兩種評估法達顯著相關( r=0.34 & 0.37, p<0.05)外,其
    他營養素並無相關性。未來信效度研究應增加樣本數及改善飲食記錄的方法及增加天數,
    以利此問卷進一步之發展。

    The purpose of this study was to develop a self-administered Chinese food
    frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for school children. The development for the FFQ
    included three steps. The first step was to understand the pros and cons of
    various dietary assessments in children. The second step was to collect the
    children’s dietary data by 24-h recalls and to design the contents of the
    FFQ. Both food list and standardized portion sizes were developed using 24-h
    recall data from 197 school children respondents from “Family diet, nutrition
    and health study in Taipei metropolitan area”. The FFQ divides into five
    parts including breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks and drink in consideration of
    the memory ability of children. Foods reported by these children (625
    different foods) were grouped into 96 similar food items. Total 80 food items
    and standardized portion sizes were decided on the basis of their contribution
    to total intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, cholesterol, vitamin
    B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, Fe and Ca, total 10 key nutrients of the study
    population, and represented over 90% of each of these nutrients. The third
    step was to analyze the adequacy of the food lists and potion size and conduct
    the pilot study of FFQ. The results showed the mean nutrient estimates
    accuracy rate for 10 selected key nutrients was 92%. The correlation
    coefficients between nutrients estimated by 24-h recalls and FFQ were 0.37~0.
    78 (p<0.01). The results of the pilot study are following: First, senior
    grades of school children (mean age: 11.3±0.3) could complete FFQ in 15-20
    minutes by self. Second, the invalid questionnaires are 29%. Third, because
    one-day food records by children had lower estimates generally, the correlation
    coefficients for energy and 16 nutrients intake ranged from 0.37 for calcium
    to 0.01 for niacin. Only vitamin C and calcium were significantly correlated
    with 2 methods (p<0.05). In conclusion, FFQ has become popular for the
    assessment of usual diet intake. This questionnaire could be self-administered
    by school children over 10 years old. The validity of the questionnaire
    remains to be further tested.

    目錄 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究動機…………………………………………………1 第二節 研究目的............…………………………………………3 第三節 名詞釋義…………………………………………………5 第二章 重要文獻回顧 第一節 兒童飲食評估法……..............…………………………6 第二節 兒童飲食評估法之正確性....…………..……………..12 第三節 發展飲食頻率問卷之考慮因素……………………....21 第四節 台灣地區兒童之飲食習慣與型態…………………....29 第三章 研究方法 第一節 研究架構....................………………………………..…31 第二節 研究設計與實施程序…………………………………..32 第三節 研究對象………………………………………………..34 第四節 研究工具………………………………………………..35 第五節 資料收集與訪員訓練…………………………………..39 第六節 資料處理………………………………………..…….. 40 第七節 統計分析……………………………………………….47 第四章 研究結果 第一節 質性訪談與觀察結果....................…………………….49 第二節 基本資料與營養素攝取量分析……………………….57 第三節 各類食物之營養素貢獻率…………………………….68 第四節 學童版中式飲食頻率問卷之合適性………………...116 第五節 問卷預試結果……………………………………..….120 第五章 討論 第一節 國小學童飲食評估之限制....................…………...….127 第二節 國小學童之飲食狀況…………………………………130 第三節 學童版中式飲食頻率問卷之合適性…………………134 第四節 問卷預試結果…………………………………………136 第六章 結論……………………………………………….……....140 第七章 研究限制與建議………………………………………..144 參考文獻…………………………………………………………...147

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