研究生: |
蔡昇宏 Tsai, Sheng-Hung |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
以眼球追蹤探討中高齡婦女之自行車騎乘行為研究:以臺北市信義路自行車道為例 Using Eye tracking on bike riding behavior of midlife and aged women: Taking Taipei Xinyi road bike track for example |
指導教授: |
姜義村
Chiang, I-Tsun |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
公民教育與活動領導學系 Department of Civic Education and Leadership |
論文出版年: | 2017 |
畢業學年度: | 105 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 77 |
中文關鍵詞: | 實景眼動儀 、自行車騎乘行為 、中高齡婦女 、眼球反應行為 、眼球凝視行為 |
英文關鍵詞: | eye tracking, riding behavior on bicycle, midlife and aged women, fixation time, reaction time |
DOI URL: | https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202202901 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:116 下載:15 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
過去眼球追蹤技術多為桌上型,受限特定研究場域,但近年來頭戴式實景眼動儀已開發完善,廣泛應用於動作學習及認知理解的研究,透過知能探索達提昇學習機能之效益。另一方面,我國自行車使用人口數逐年增多,人數遞增的情況下帶來道路騎乘上的風險,相關調查顯示,中高齡女性的騎乘意外數較高多。故本研究欲透過國立臺灣師範大學電機學系自行研發之頭戴式實景眼動儀Eye NTNUp-30,探究中高齡婦女的騎乘行為,並藉由眼動數據瞭解騎乘時的自行車騎乘行為。本研究以便利取樣取得有自行車騎乘習慣組共14位(平均年齡67.71歲)、無自行車騎乘習慣組共13位(平均年齡60.31歲)與不會騎自行車組共14位(平均年齡60.64歲)之中高齡婦女。研究結果顯示,三組對於直接影響中的滑手機路人、右方衝出、對向來車之反應時間無顯著性差異;間接影響中的角錐1及赤裸上身男性、角錐2及兔子裝、角錐3及大型看板之反應時間亦無顯著性差異;而三組對於直接影響的凝視時間亦無顯著性差異,但三組對於間接影響中的凝視時間具顯著性的差異,其中以有騎乘習慣與不會騎乘組間差異最高。根據本研究結果得知:三組間的眼動反應時間無明顯差異,且對於直接影響中的眼動凝視亦無顯著性差異,與過去相關研究結果相符;有騎乘習慣組在間接影響中大多注視於將造成立即性危害的角錐,具較高自行車騎乘風險感知能力;無騎乘習慣組顯著性的凝視於赤裸上身男性,易造成騎乘危險;不會騎乘組亦凝視於赤裸上身男性,以及兔子裝與大型看板,相較於前者更容易發生騎乘危險。本研究建議實驗設計可增加影響因子,並針對不同族群進行研究;且進一步地展開自行車訓練相關實證研究。此外,建議將此檢測模式推廣至相關單位,使其了解自身騎乘能力降低道路騎乘事故風險。
The technique of eye tracking was not portable and limited to some specific research in the past. Head-mounted eye tracking has been developed recently and is wildy applied on the movement learning and cognition research. Head-mounted eye tracking can be used on exploration on physical competence of human behaviors and enhance the learning efficiency. It really brings the research relating to eye tracking a breakthrough.
The number of cyclists in Taiwan has been dramatically increasing, however, it also brings risks of bike accidents. According to the related statistics, midlife and aged women have higher rates on bike accidents. Therefor, through eye tracking, it may a good and possible way to find possible solutions. The purpose of this study was used Eye NTNUp-30 to explore the riding behavior of midlife and aged women. This study adopted convenience sampling and recruited 41 women (age=62.95), 14 participants with biking habit (biking habit group, HBG, age=67.71), 13 participants without biking habit (no biking habit group, NBHG, age=60.31) and 14 participants were unable to ride (cannot bike group, CBG, age=60.64). The results showed that three groups had no significance on the reaction time to the direct impacts and indirect impacts and neither did the result on gaze duration of the direct impacts. However, the indirect impacts of gaze duration had significance among these three groups, and the HBG and the CBG had significant difference. The HBG gazing on the cones might have lower instant risks by the indirect impacts; the NBHG and CBG easily ignore cones and are attracted to the people beside biking tracks. The study concluded that the HBG had better ability to sence the risks then NBHG and CBG. Further studies are suggested to collaborate with bike association, communities or schools and investigate other genders and, different age groups to understand their riding behavior and to accidents on bike riding.
一、中文文獻
內政部統計處(2016)。104 年簡易生命表提要分析2016年10月31日。取自http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/life.aspx
內政部統計處(2016)。105年第30週內政統計通報。取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/week/week10530.pdf
中華民國交通部統計處(2009)。98年自行車使用狀況調查分析。http://www.motc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=56&parentpath=0,6&mcustomize=statistics101.jsp
交通部運輸研究所(2015)。道路交通事故中自行車騎士死亡人數、受傷人數、死亡率及受傷率(依人口數計算)按性別及年齡分。民國104年,交通統計報表。
美利達(2016)。美利達勇士 670規格。取自http://www.merida.tw/show--37857.html
勞動部(2016)。就業服務法2016年11月03日。取自http://laws.mol.gov.tw/FLAW/FLAWDAT0201.aspx?lsid=FL015128
歌美斯國際股份有限公司(2016)。Tacx Blue Matic自行車訓練臺規格。取自http://www.colmax.com.tw/vendor/product_page.
臺北市政府交通局(2016)。市區自行車道建置地圖。取自http://www.dot.gov.taipei.
衛生福利部統計處(2015)。104年主要臺灣死因統計結果分析。
警政署統計室(2013)。102年道路交通事故高齡者特性分析。
警政署統計室(2016)。104年自行車道路交通事故情形。
杜偉誌(2012)。臺灣自行車發展軌跡-以國立臺灣歷史博物館蒐藏品為例。歷史臺灣,3,51-86。
吳孟恬、詹元碩(2011)。不同知覺動作訓練週期對高齡者平衡控制能力之成效分析。長榮運動休閒學刊,5,21-37。
吳秉勳、郭美娟(2014)。台灣高齡透析病患死亡率、罹病率、及醫療支出概況。腎臟與透析,26(1),7-10。
呂信漢、蔡尚明、陳五洲(2012)。足球守門員於防守罰球點球時視覺搜索策略。大專體育學刊,14(2),180-187。
李宗育、陸鳳屏、詹鼎正(2014)。老年人跌倒之危險因子、評估、及預防。內科學誌,25(3),137-142。
周智民、林偉立(2014)。銀髮族自行車壯遊世界休閒體驗之初探。旅遊與健康學術研討會論文集 2014卷,37-42。
林秀娟(2012)。更年期綜合徵。中醫婦科醫學雜誌,16,89-94。
林威秀、黎俊彥(2004)。身體姿勢平衡與老年人的跌倒。中華體育季刊,18(1),68-75。
林麗娟、塗國誠(2004)。肌力和耐力性運動對女性不同身體活動程度鈣離子調節激素及骨質密度之影響。體育學報,37,69-78。
邱淑惠、廖儷湘(2014)。學前幼兒如何閱讀繪本-眼動歷程之初探。教育傳播與科技研究,109,57-73。
邱鈺淇、黎俊彥(2008)。規律運動訓練對身體姿勢平衡控制之影。中華體育季刊,22(3),23-30。
侯冠宇(2015)。實景眼動儀系統研發。(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,電機工程學系,台北市。
高明志、陳銘凱(2011)。不同手語使用技能水準者理解台灣手語之眼動分析。 中華民國特殊教育學會年刊 100年度,185-195。
張淑芬、黃娟娟(2015)。不同運動型態對中高齡婦女身體組成、生活品質之影響。休閒觀光與運動健康學報,5(4),50-62。
郭鐘隆、張鈞惠、林靜兒、蔡益堅(2009)。週跌倒預防介入對社區及安養機構老人之成效初探。健康生活與成功老化學刊,1(1),53-67。
陳上迪、姜義村(2011)。阻力訓練對於安養機構高齡者跌倒預防之效益與執行建議。彰化師大體育學報,10,11-25。
陳上迪、姜義村(2013)。體感式遊戲對養護機構高齡者簡單反應力之影響。大專體育學刊,15(3),277-287。
陳明蕾、柯華葳(2013)。學習障礙兒童線上閱讀歷程:來自眼球移動的證據。特殊教育研究學刊,38(3),81-103。
陳學志、賴惠德、邱發忠。(2010)。眼球追蹤技術在學習與教育上的應用。教育科學研究期刊,第五十五卷第四期,55(4),39-68。
曾錦惠、吳岱穎、季瑋珠、郭冠良、楊榮森、黃惠娟(2012)。社區與住院老人跌倒的危險因子與預防。台灣醫學,16(2),174-182。
黃夙蓮、陶振超(2015)。以眼球追蹤檢視突現廣告的注意力攫取。資訊社會研究,28,1-33。
黃智德、宋一夫、湯慧娟(2013)。自行車道使用者環境知覺與休閒行為之研究-以休閒動機為中介變項。臺灣體育運動管理學報,13(4),297-315。
黃瑞祥、何金山、呂信漢、詹元碩(2012)。桌球運動員與非運動員視覺搜尋能力之比較。大專體育學刊,14(2),219-228。
葉純志(2008)。民眾使用自行車非致死肇事風險估計模式之建立與影響因子之研究。運輸學刊,20(1),71-90。
葉富鈞、陳柏丞(2016)。以類神經網絡分析台北市交通死亡車禍之關鍵因素及 提出解決方法。中華科技大學學報,66,1-18。
鄭永祥、田蕙寧(2015)。騎乘自行車之潛在風險分析。運輸計劃季刊,44(3), 271-287。
黎佩芬、賴建都(2011)。網路重度使用者對網頁訊息認知與瀏覽模式之研究-以台灣購物網站商品訊息呈現為例。電子商務學報,13(3),517-553。
魏健宏、陳乃郡(2015)。高齡駕駛者交通事故風險性之評估分析-由家庭成員觀察的日常行為切入。運輸學刊,27(1),93-121。
魏麗敏、劉長儒、曾奕霖(2012)。立即回饋與延宕回饋對青少年學習注意力影響之眼動研究。聯大學報,9(1),23-39。
蘇榮裕(2013)。嘉義市自行車參與者的休閒動機和阻礙之研究。休閒保健期刊,9,45-58。
顏政通、陳五洲、游能揚、林國全(2015)。不同技術水準排球員對舉球的視覺判斷策略分析。大專體育學刊,17(1),77-86。
二、英文文獻
Alessandra Mantuano, Silvia Bernardi, Federico Rupi. (2016). Cyclist gaze behavior in urban space: An eye-tracking experiment on the bicycle network of Bologna. Case Studies on Transport Policy, Available online 3 June 2016.
Alice Billot-Grasset, Emmanuelle Amoros, Martine Hours (2015). How cyclist behavior affects bicycle accident configurations? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, Volume 41, Part B, Pages 261-276.
Ashnagar, Z., Shadmehr, A., & Jalaei, S. (2015). The effects of acute bout of cycling on auditory & visual reaction times. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 19(2), 268-272.
Bae, J., & Cho, S. I. (2014). Effects of community-based comprehensive fall prevention program on muscle strength, postural balance and fall efficacy in elderly people. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 44(6), 697-707.
Beecham, R., Wood, J. (2013). Exploring gendered cycling behaviours within a large-scalebehavioural data-set. Transp. Plan. Technol. 37, 83–97.
Bergstrom, J. C. R., Olmsted-Hawala, E. L., & Bergstrom, H. C. (2016). Older adults fail to see the periphery in a Web site task. Universal Access in the Information Society, 15(2), 261-270.
Beurskens, R., & Bock, O. (2012). Age-related decline of peripheral visual processing: the role of eye movements. Experimental brain research, 217(1), 117-124.
Borowsky, A., Shinar, D., & Oron-Gilad, T. (2010). Age, skill, and hazard perception in driving. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(4), 1240-1249.
Burke, T. N., França, F. J. R., de Meneses, S. R. F., Pereira, R. M. R., & Marques, A. P. (2012). Postural control in elderly women with osteoporosis: comparison of balance, strengthening and stretching exercises. A randomized controlled trial. Clinical rehabilitation, 26(11), 1021-1031.
Buswell, G. T. (1935). How people look at pictures: a study of the psychology and perception in art. University of Chicago Press Chicago
C. Juhraa, B. Wiesköttera, K. Chua, L. Trosta, U. Weissb, M. Messerschmidtb, A. Malczykc, M. Heckwolfd, M. Raschkea. (2012). Bicycle accidents – Do we only see the tip of the iceberg?: A prospective multi-centre study in a large German city combining medical and police data. Injury, Volume 43, Issue 12, Pages 2026–2034.
Cesqui, B., Mezzetti, M., Lacquaniti, F., & d'Avella, A. (2015). Gaze behavior in one-handed catching and its relation with interceptive performance: what the eyes can't tell. PloS one, 10(3), e0119445.
Conklin, K., & Pellicer-Sánchez, A. (2016). Using eye-tracking in applied linguistics and second language research. Second Language Research, 0267658316637401.
Cushing, M., Hooshmand, J., Pomares, B., & Hotz, G. (2016). Vision Zero in the United States Versus Sweden: Infrastructure Improvement for Cycling Safety. American Journal of Public Health, 106(12), 2178-2180.
Dill, J. (2009). Bicycling for transportation and health: the role of infrastructure. Journal of public health policy, 30(1), S95-S110.
Dixson, A. F., Halliwell, G., East, R., Wignarajah, P., & Anderson, M. J. (2003). Masculine somatotype and hirsuteness as determinants of sexual attractiveness to women. Archives of sexual behavior, 32(1), 29-39.
Do Valle, V., de Mello, D., Fortes, M. D. S., & Dantas, E. (2009). Effects of indoor cycling associated with diet on body composition and serum lipids. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 1, 11-15. ISO 690
Dudoniene, V., Sakaliene, R., Svediene, L., Kazlauskiene, D., Szczegielniak, J., & Krutulyte, G. (2013). 1027. Impact of whole body vibration on balance improvement in elderly women. Journal Of Vibroengineering, 15(3), 1112-1118.
Flynn, C. P. (2000). Woman's Best Friend. Violence Against Women, 6(2), 162.
Frings, D., Parkin, J., & Ridley, A. M. (2014). The effects of cycle lanes, vehicle to kerb distance and vehicle type on cyclists’ attention allocation during junction negotiation. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 72, 411-421.
Garza, R., Heredia, R. R., & Cieślicka, A. B. (2017). An Eye Tracking Examination of Men’s Attractiveness by Conceptive Risk Women. Evolutionary Psychology, 15(1), 1474704917690741.
GoPro.(2016). GoPro 4 Hero規格。取自http://www.csl-gp.com.tw/gopro.
Haber, Ralph., Hershenson, Maurice. (1973). The psychology of visual perception. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Hamer, M., & Chida, Y. (2008). Active commuting and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analytic review. Preventive medicine, 46(1), 9-13.
Hartridge, H., & Thomson, L. C. (1948). Methods of investigating eye movements. The British journal of ophthalmology, 32(9), 581.
Ho, H. F. (2014). The effects of controlling visual attention to handbags for women in online shops: Evidence from eye movements. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 146-152.
Hsieh, S., & Lin, Y. C. (2016). Strategies for stimulus selective stopping in the elderly. Acta Psychologica, 173, 122-131.
Igari, D., Shimizu, M., & Fukuda, R. (2008). Eye movements of elderly people while riding bicycles. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of the International Society for Gerontechnology (ISG’08).
Kim, J. K., Kim, S., Ulfarsson, G. F., & Porrello, L. A. (2007). Bicyclist injury severities in bicycle–motor vehicle accidents. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39(2), 238-251.
Landis, B., Vattikuti, V., & Brannick, M. (1997). Real-time human perceptions: toward a bicycle level of service. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (1578), 119-126.
Lemmink, K. A., & Visscher, C. (2005). Effect of intermittent exercise on multiple-choice reaction times of soccer players. Perceptual and motor skills, 100(1), 85-95.
Leszczyńska, A., Daniszewska, B., Pruszyńska, M., Przedborska, A., Hadała, M., & Raczkowski, J. W. (2016). Effects of a health improvement programme on quality of life in elderly people after falls. Polish Annals of Medicine, 23(2), 129-134.
Lin, J. J., & Lin, S. S. (2014). Tracking eye movements when solving geometry problems with handwriting devices. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 7(1).
Madden, D. J., Connelly, S. L., & Pierce, T. W. (1994). Adult age differences in shifting focused attention. Psychology and Aging, 9(4), 528.
Montero Perez, M., Peters, E., & Desmet, P. (2015). Enhancing Vocabulary Learning Through Captioned Video: An Eye‐Tracking Study. The Modern Language Journal, 99(2), 308-328.
Moretti, F., De Ronchi, D., Bernabei, V., Marchetti, L., Ferrari, B., Forlani, C., ... & Atti, A. R. (2011). Pet therapy in elderly patients with mental illness. Psychogeriatrics, 11(2), 125-129.
Paquette, C., & Fung, J. (2011). Old age affects gaze and postural coordination. Gait & posture, 33(2), 227-232.
Räsänen, M., & Summala, H. (1998). Attention and expectation problems in bicycle–car collisions: an in-depth study. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 30(5), 657-666.
Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological bulletin, 124(3), 372.
Rokicki, W., Drozdzowska, B., Czekajło, A., Grzeszczak, W., Wiktor, K., Majewski, W., & Pluskiewicz, W. (2016). Relationship between visual status and functional status and the risk of falls in women. The RAC-OST-POL study. Archives of medical science: AMS, 12(6), 1232.
Sá, T. H., Duran, A. C., Tainio, M., Monteiro, C. A., & Woodcock, J. (2016). Cycling in São Paulo, Brazil (1997–2012): Correlates, time trends and health consequences. Preventive medicine reports, 4, 540-545.
Saionara M. A. da Câmara., Maria Victoria Zunzunegui., Catherine Pirkle., Mayle A. Moreira., Álvaro C. C. Maciel. (2015). Menopausal Status and Physical Performance in Middle Aged Women: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study in Northeast Brazil. PLoS ONE. Mar2015, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p1-12. 12p.
Sattin, R., Lambert, D., DeVito, C., Rodriguez, J., & Ros, A. (1990). The incidence of fall injury events among the elderly in a defined population. American Journal of Epidemiology, 131, 1028-1037.
Sorton, A., & Walsh, T. (1994). Bicycle stress level as a tool to evaluate urban and suburban bicycle compatibility. Transportation Research Record, 17-17.
Thomas, G. (1997). Inclusive schools for an inclusive society. British Journal of Special Education, 24(3), 103-107.
Thomas, N. M., Bampouras, T. M., Donovan, T., & Dewhurst, S. (2016). Eye movements affect postural control in young and older females. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 8.
Tovée, M. J., Maisey, D. S., Vale, E. L., & Cornelissen, P. L. (1999). Characteristics of male attractiveness for women. The Lancet, 353(9163), 1500.
Vansteenkiste, P., Cardon, G., & Lenoir, M. (2015). Visual guidance during bicycle steering through narrow lanes: A study in children. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 78, 8-13.
Vansteenkiste, P., Cardon, G., D’Hondt, E., Philippaerts, R., & Lenoir, M. (2013). The visual control of bicycle steering: The effects of speed and path width. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 51, 222-227.
Vansteenkiste, P., Van Hamme, D., Veelaert, P., Philippaerts, R., Cardon, G., & Lenoir, M. (2014). Cycling around a curve: the effect of cycling speed on steering and gaze behavior. PloS one, 9(7), e102792.
Vansteenkiste, P., Zeuwts, L., Cardon, G., Philippaerts, R., & Lenoir, M. (2014). The implications of low quality bicycle paths on gaze behavior of cyclists: A field test. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 23, 81-87.
Wade, N. J., & Tatler, B. W. (2009). Did Javal measure eye movements during reading?. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 2(5).
Wang, Y., & Nihan, N. L. (2004). Estimating the risk of collisions between bicycles and motor vehicles at signalized intersections. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36(3), 313-321.
Willem, Levelt. (2014). A histpry of phycholinguistics The Pre-Chomskyan Era. Oxford University Press, 140-141.
Zeuwts, L. H., Vansteenkiste, P., Deconinck, F. J., Cardon, G., & Lenoir, M. (2016). Hazard perception in young cyclists and adult cyclists. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 105,64-71.