研究生: |
鄭睿承 Zheng, Rui-Cheng |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
重構田徑運動中馬克操之訓練模式—從模型與模調 Reconstructing the training mode of Mach drills in athletics from module and modulation |
指導教授: |
劉一民
Liu, I-Min |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
體育學系 Department of Physical Education |
論文出版年: | 2019 |
畢業學年度: | 107 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 106 |
中文關鍵詞: | 田徑 、馬克操 、跑步 、梅洛龐蒂 、模型 、模調 |
英文關鍵詞: | athletics, Mach drills, running, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, module, modulation |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU201900107 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:167 下載:25 |
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本研究的主旨為重新構築現今的馬克操訓練模式。筆者本身為一位田徑短跑選手,自接觸田徑訓練及馬克操訓練後,成績有了明顯的進步,也為跑步訓練打下基礎,在高三的一次受傷後,對於馬克操的訓練模式卻出現了轉變。受傷前,在馬克操的訓練下,修正了原本的跑步動作,跑步成績因而有所進步,因此不論是在調整跑步動作或速度也都會經由馬克操,練習的目的主要就是把馬克操的動作感覺加至跑步動作裡面,馬克操怎麼做就怎麼跑。然而,這個關係在受傷之後完全的崩解,自己依然能夠做出馬克操的動作,也還會跑步,只是跑步的感覺變得很模糊,不再像之前有著明確的感覺,於是筆者試著反思過去的訓練經驗與訓練模式,並為受傷後的訓練找到適合的模式。但是,事情並沒有想像的那麼簡單,受傷後所面臨的並不是這樣如同過去那樣的處境,所以如果想要回到過去的訓練水準,甚至是超越過去的運動表現,複製過去的訓練模式幾乎是不太可能的,那麼問題就在於受傷後如何重新連結馬克操與跑步動作之間得關係,該怎麼重新建構跑步的感覺,勢必要跳脫過去的訓練思維才有可能。在筆者擔任田徑教練以及踏入運動哲學的領域後,出現了跳脫過去思維的契機,從教練經驗與運動哲學的相關研究,在法國現象學家梅洛龐蒂那裏發現不同於筆者過去的思考方式,在其論著《知覺現象學》中分別以「模型(module)」和「模調(modulation)」這兩種思考方式來討論身體運動和動作學習。透過這兩種思考方式,筆者發現在受傷前的訓練模式多以模型來思考,並且在受傷後也欲從模型的方式來重新找回跑步的感覺,只是在考慮了受傷後的處境後發現,無法單純的以模型的方式來複製訓練,找回相同的感覺。所以,為了尋求各種可能,試著從模調(modulation)的思考模式來找尋重新連結馬克操與跑步動作之間得可能。經過本研究發現,馬克操訓練並不能僅從模型或是模調的思維來訓練,單純的模型就會變成是一種機械式、點對點的關係,絲毫沒有考慮到跑步主體的處境,而這就有可能會面臨到筆者受傷後的問題,模調就是因應這樣的思維而來,雖然單純的模調思維,就是從跑步主體出發,跑步主體能夠做出各種動作形式,即本來就會跑步,但是就會變得沒有修正跑步動作的依據,也就變成不需要有跑步技術的存在了。因此,本研究以為重新構築馬克操之訓練模式,就是要在模型與模調這兩種思考模式中,找到平衡,才能夠更加的提升馬克操練習的價值與有效性。
The main purpose of this study is to reconstruct the current training mode of Mach drills. As a sprinter, the author has made significant progress in contact with track and field training and Mach drills, and laid the foundation for running training. However, after an injury in the third year of high school, there was a change in the training mode of Mach drills. Before the injury, the original running movement was corrected by Mach drills, and the running performance was improved. Therefore, whether it is adjusting the running movement or speed, it will also be through Mach drills. The purpose of the exercise is mainly to add the feeling of action to the running action. However, this relationship completely disintegrated after the injury. I found that I can still make Mach drills action, but also run, but the feeling of running becomes very vague, no longer has a clear feeling before, so I try to reflect on past training experience and training patterns, and to find suitable models for post-injury training. Things are not as simple as you might think. What is faced after the injury is not such a situation as in the past, so if you want to go back to the past training level, or even surpass the past performance, it is almost impossible to copy the past training mode. The question then is how to reconnect the relationship between Mark and running after the injury. How to rebuild the feeling of running, and it is necessary to jump off the training thinking of the past is possible. After the author served as a track and field coach and stepped into the field of sports philosophy, there was an opportunity to escape the past thinking, from the related experience of coaching experience and the Philosophy of Sport. In the French phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty(1908-1961), the author discovered a different way of thinking than the past. In his book "Phenomenology of Perception", body movement and action learning are discussed in two ways: "module" and "modulation". Through these two ways of thinking, the author finds that the training mode before the injury is mostly based on the module, and after the injury, I also want to retrieve the feeling of running from module, but after considering the situation after the injury, I found that It is impossible to simply copy the training in a model and find the same feeling. Therefore, in order to seek all kinds of possibilities, the author tries to find the possibility of reconnecting the mark exercise and the running action from the mode of thinking of the modulation. After the research found that Mach dirlls training can not only be trained from the module or the modulation of thinking. Simple module thinking will become a mechanical, peer-to-peer relationship, without considering the situation of the running subject, and this may face the problem after the author is injured. Modulation is based on such thinking. The simple modulation of thinking is to start from the running subject. The running subject can make various forms of action, that is, the subject that would have run, but it will become the basis for correcting the running action. Therefore, this study believes that to reconstruct the training mode of Mach drills, it is necessary to find a balance between the two modes of thinking in model and mode, in order to further enhance the value and effectiveness of Mach drills.
一、中文書籍
莫里斯.梅洛-龐蒂(Maurice Merleau-Ponty)著,《知覺現象學(Phenomenology of Perception》(姜志輝譯),北京:商務,2012。
德穆.莫倫(Dermot Moran)著,《現象學導論(Introduction To Phenomenology)》(蔡錚雲譯),臺北,桂冠,2005。
丹尼爾•托馬斯•普里莫茲克著,《梅洛—龐蒂(On Merleau-Ponty)》(關群德譯),北京:中華書局,2015。
艾曼努埃爾.埃洛阿(Emmanuel Alloa)著,《感性的抵抗—梅洛龐蒂對透明性的批判》(曲曉蕊譯),福建:福建教育出版社,2016。
楊大春著,《梅洛龐蒂(Maurice Merleau-Ponty)》,臺北:生智,2008。
鹫田清一著,《梅洛龐蒂—認識論的割斷》(劉績生譯),河北:河北教育出版社, 2001。
高宣揚,《存在主義》,臺北:遠流,1993。
尼可拉斯.羅曼諾夫(Nicholas Romanov)、寇特.布倫加(Kurt Brungardt)著,《羅曼諾夫博士的姿勢跑法(The Running Revolution – How to Run Faster, Farther, and Injury-Free — for Life)》(徐國峰、莊茗傑譯),臺北:臉譜,2015。
尼可拉斯.羅曼諾夫(Nicholas Romanov)、約翰.羅伯遜(John Robson)著,《跑步該怎麼跑?(Pose Method of Running)》(徐國峰譯),臺北:臉譜,2015。
高野進。《陸上競技短距離走》,東京:新星出版社,2014。
王淑華。《52週田徑400公尺訓練》,臺北:易利圖書,2014。
DK Publishing,《跑步‧馬拉松圖解聖經:肌力強化訓練‧運動力學解析‧比賽策略規劃‧傷害防護治療》(李恆儒,宋季純,朱寧,蔡宛蓁,林姵吟譯),(臺北:旗標,2015)。
井上真悟著,《RUN一直跑下去:世界超馬王者的跑步之道(RUN: 大陸を走って横断する僕の話)》(柯閔傑譯)(臺北:木馬文化,2016)。
史蒂芬‧麥格尼斯(Steve Magness)著,《跑步的科學與實務:如何探索極限,透過訓練達到最佳表現(The Science of Running: How to find your limit and train to maximize your performance)》(田昕旻出版社:晨星,2016)。
尼可拉斯‧羅曼諾夫(Nicholas Romanov),約翰.羅伯遜 (John Robson)著,《跑步,該怎麼跑?:認識完美的跑步技術,姿勢跑法的概念、理論與心法(Pose Method of Running)》(徐國峰譯)(臺北:臉譜,2015)。
尼可拉斯‧羅曼諾夫(Nicholas Romanov),寇特.布倫加(Kurt Brungardt)著,《羅曼諾夫博士的姿勢跑法:十堂核心課程,根除錯誤跑姿,跑得更快、更遠、更省力,一輩子不受傷(The Running Revolution: How to Run Faster, Farther, and Injury-Free--for Life)》(徐國峰,莊茗傑譯),臺北:臉譜,2015。
丹尼.爵爾(Danny Dreyer),凱薩琳.爵爾(Katherine Dreyer)著,《氣功跑步ChiRunning》(廖亭雲譯),聯經:2016。
村上春樹著,《關於跑步,我說的其實是……》(賴明珠譯),臺北:時報出版,2008。
徐國峰,莊茗傑著,《跑者都該懂的跑步關鍵數據:透過跑錶解析自己的跑力,突破瓶頸,進行有效率的科學化訓練》(臺北:臉譜,2016)。
彼特.馬吉爾(Pete Magill), 湯瑪斯.舒華茲Thomas Schwartz, 梅莉莎.布瑞 兒(Melissa Breyer)著,《跑步的科學:掌握關鍵數據,調校9大身體機能引爆動力鏈,讓你突破瓶頸,超越自己!(Build Your Running Body: A Total-Body Fitness Plan for All Distance Runners, from Milers to Ultramarathoners-Run Farther,Faster, and Injury-Free)》(張簡守展,游卉庭譯)(臺北:采實文化,2016)。
維杰‧費德, 戴夫‧艾倫(Vijay Vad,MD Dave Allen)著,《完全跑步聖經:輕鬆持久跑,運動傷害OUT(The new rules of running)》(李依蓉譯)(臺北:天下生活,2015)。
喬治‧席翰(George Sheehan)著,《我跑步,所以我存在:美國跑步教父關於運 動的18種思索(Running & Being:The Total Experience)》(歐陽鳳譯)(臺北:遠流2016)。
傑克.丹尼爾(Jack Daniels)著,《丹尼爾博士跑步方程式(Daniels’ Running Formula, 3rd Edition)》(徐國峰譯)(臺北:遠流,2014)。
鈴木清和,《以科學為基礎 圖解跑步訓練全書(確実に速くなるランニングの科学)》(黃筱涵譯)(臺北:台灣東販,2016)。
歐陽靖,《歐陽靖寫給女生的跑步書:連我都能跑了,妳一定也可以!RUN! GIRLS RUN!》(臺北:大塊文化,2013)。
徐國峰,羅譽寅著,《體能!技術!肌力!心志!全方位的馬拉松科學化訓練》,臺北:遠流,2015。
二、中文期刊
劉一民,〈運動經驗身體探源—主體性與創造性經驗的反省〉,《運動哲學新論》,臺北:師大書苑,103-120。
劉一民,〈運動經驗的現象學考察—透過運動觀照生命本體〉,《運動哲學新論》,臺北:師大書苑,121-140。
劉一民,〈臺灣運動現象學研究底蘊探源─哲學、方法與生存實踐的導入〉,《運動文化研究》,27(臺北, 2015.12):7-45。
劉一民,〈運動身體經驗本源的追問─相遇於梅洛龐蒂的基進反思〉,《運動文化研究》,14(臺北, 2010.9):7-33。
劉一民,〈運動技術重建經驗的發生現象學探討〉,《運動文化研究》,21(臺北, 2012.12):7-36。
劉一民,〈運動風格經驗的現象學探討─風格與反風格間的周旋〉,《運動文化研究》,18(臺北,2011.09):7-39。
許樹淵,〈運動生物力學在短距離跑上的應用〉,《中華體育季刊》,8(臺北,1994.09): 196-201。
簡鴻玟,〈黃信平百公尺技術之生物力學研究〉,《體育學報》,20 (臺北,1995.12):225-236。
李運來。〈馬克操基本型〉。《2001年國際運動教練研討會》,台中:國立台灣體育學院,2001。
三、學位論文
林雯雯,〈田徑技術報告書-以林雯雯參加103年全國大專校院運動會田徑100公尺項目為例〉(臺北:國立臺灣師範大學競技學系碩士班論文,2014)。
陳淑娟,〈田徑技術報告書-以2009年香港東亞運動會陳淑娟選手二百公尺為例〉(臺北:國立臺灣師範大學競技學系碩士班論文,2010)。
四、英文文獻
Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of Perception, translated by Donald A. Lands, Great Britain: TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall。
McFarlane, B, Hurdles A basic and advanced technical model, Track Technique Summer, 128, 4073-4079, 1994.
Tellez, T., & Koester, K, Championship drills for track and field: Sprint drills. Ames, Iowa: Championship Books & Video productions, 1991.