本研究旨在透過分析在部落任教原住民籍教師的生涯故事，理解原住民族生涯發展的主體性。本研究提出的兩個研究問題是：（一）「在部落任教原住民籍教師在其生涯中追求的意義和認同之內涵為何？形成之過程為何？」；（二）這一群教師生涯故事反映出哪些特殊社會文化脈絡？促進或阻礙其生涯發展的社會文化脈絡有哪些？」。
本研究採取的研究方法是敘說研究法，經由敘說資料的「部份」與「整體」的相互辯証，建構出資料的整體意義。本研究對在部落任教原住民籍教師生涯故事提出的主要理解如下：
1. 在前段的生涯中，三位研究參與者傾向追求「家庭層面的認同」。
2. 在後段的生涯中，三位研究參與者皆追求的是「族群文化認同」。
3. 促進三位研究參與者生涯發展的社會文化脈絡有四，即「家庭」、「部落文化」、「教會」及「工作場所」。
4. 阻礙三位研究參與者生涯發展的社會文化脈絡有二，即「教育機構」及「漢族對原住民的態度」。
此外，研究者將研究結果與既有研究文獻比較對照之後，本研究提出下列發現：
1. 三位研究參與者的族群文化認同引導其生涯選擇，族群文化認同發展的階段與其生涯表現的穩定度有著密切關係。
2. 三位研究參與者的族群文化認同是「正向認同」的歷程，非「族群污名認同」歷程。
3. 「從對抗污名到族群自信心」和「從深化認同到奉獻族群」兩個共同主題少見於其它類似研究。
4. 「部落文化」和「教會」是促進三位研究參與者生涯發展的兩個特殊社會文化脈絡。
5. 「部落內外」是促進三位研究參與者生涯發展之社會文化脈絡與阻礙其生涯發展之社會文化脈絡的「分界線」。
最後，研究者依據上述的結論提出對原住民生涯輔導及未來研究的建議。
關鍵詞：部落、原住民籍教師、生涯故事、敘說研究

The Career Stories of the Aboriginal Teachers Who Teach in the Tribe: A Narrative Research
Chun-hao Yang
ABSTRACT
The present study was intended to understand the subjectivity of Taiwan aborigine’s career development by analyzing three aboriginal teachers who teach in the tribe. The two research questions were: (1) What is the meaning and identity which the aboriginal teachers chase in their careers?; (2) What are the social-cultural contexts which facilitate or block the career development of the aboriginal teachers?
The narrative research method was adapted and the data-analysis procedure followed the concept of the hermeneutical circle.
The main understandings of the career stories of the three participants of the study were as follows:
1. In the earlier period of career, the three participants chased the meaning on the family dimension.
2. In the later period of career, the three participants chased the meaning on the racial dimension.
3. The social-cultural contexts facilitating the participants’ career development were the family, the tribe, the church and the workplace.
4. The social-cultural contexts blocking the participants’ career development were the educational institutions and the attitude of the mainstream society toward aborigines.
Besides, the study found:
1. The racial/cultural identity development of the participants guided their career choices and was closely related to the stability of their career development.
2. The participants chased “positive racial identity” instead of “stigmatized racial identity”.
3. Rarely reported in the literature concerning minorities’ racial/cultural identity development were the two common themes: “From Resist Stigmas to Racial Confidence” and “ From Deepen One’s Racial Identity to Devote Oneself to Race”
4. The tribe and the church seem to be the two special social-cultural contexts that facilitate Taiwan aborigines’ career development.
5. The tribe seems to be the boundary which divide the social-cultural contexts facilitating Taiwan aborigines’ career development and those blocking their career development.
Finally, based on the findings, the study propose suggestions for career guidance and the future research.
KEY WORDS: tribe, aboriginal teacher, career story, narrative research

參考文獻
中文資料
謝世忠(1987)。認同的污名--台灣原住民的族群變遷。台北：自立晚報出版社。

行政院原民會(2005)。九十三學年度原住民族教育調查統計報告。

吳玉琴(1992)。台灣原住民生涯發展模式—以雅美族都市移民為對象。東海大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。

金樹人(1997)。生涯諮商與輔導。台北：東華書局

陳艷紅(1997)。台灣原住民青年生涯發展歷程及其影響因素之分析研究—以四位新竹泰雅族青年的生命故事為例。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。

黃逢明(1997)。都市原住民職業生涯發展之研究—以都市阿美族為例。國立政治大學民族學研究所。

黃約伯(1998)。台灣高等院校原住民學生涯選擇及其相關因素之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。

黃薇靜(1999)。都市原住民青少年的生涯建構—以大台北地區阿美族青少年為例。國立台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文。

楊淑涵(2002)。選擇非傳統學習領之四技女生涯決定歷程之敘說研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。

譚光鼎、張建成(1996)。台灣原住民青少年家庭文化與生涯規劃關係之研究。行政院會專題研究計劃。

英文資料
Adler, A. (1958). What life. Should mean to you. New York: Capricorn.

Agar, M. & Hobbs, J. R. (1982). Interpreting discourse: coherence and the analysis of ethnographic interviews, Discourse Process, 5, 1-32.

Astin, H. S. (1984). The meaning of work in women life: A sociopsychological model of career choice and work behavior. The Counseling Psychologist, 12, 117-126.

Atkinson, D. R., Morten, G., & Sue, D. W. (1989). A minority identity development model. Counseling American minorities: a cross-cultural perspective. (4th ed.) Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark.

Bakhtin, M. (1981). The dialogic imagination. Austin, Tx: University of Texas Press.

Betz, N. E. & Hackett, G. (1981). The relationship of career-related Self-efficacy expectations to perceived career options in college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 399-410

Bowman, S. L. (1993). Career intervention strategies for ethnic minorities. D The Career Development Quarterly, 42(3), 14-25.

Brott, P. E. (2001). The storied approach: A postmodern perspective for career counseling. The Career Development Quarterly, 49, 304-313.

Bruner, J. L. (1990). Actual minds, possible worlds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Cheatham, H. E. (1990). Africentricity and career development of African Americans. The Career Development Quarterly, 38, 334-346.

Cochran, L. (1990). Narrative as a paradigm for career research. In R. A. Young & W. A. Borgen (Eds.), Methodological approaches to the study of career (pp.57-59). New York: Praeger.

Cochran, L. (1997). Career Counseling: A Narrative Approach. CA: Sage Publications.

Cross, W. E. (1991). Shades of Black: Diversity in African American Identity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Dunn, C. W., & Veltman, G. C. (1989). Addressing the restrictive career maturity patterns of minority youth: A program evaluation. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 17, 156-164.

Csikszentihalyi, M., & Beatie, O. V. (1979). Life themes: A theoretical and empirical exploration of their origins and effects. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 19, 45-63.

Dicksens, F., & Dicksen, J. B. (1982). The Black Manager. New York: Amacon.

Farmer, H. S. (1985). Model of career and achievement motivation for woman and man. Journal of Counseling Psychologist, 31, 536-548.

Fouad, N. A., & Arbona, C. (1994). Careers in a cultural context. The Career Development Quarterly, 43(3), 96-105.

Foucault, M. (1965). Madness and civilization: A history of insanity in the age of reason (R. Howard. Trans.). New York: Random House.

Foucault, M. (1975). The birth of the clinic: An archeology of medical perception (A. M. Sheridan Smith, Trans.).

Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). New York: pantheon Books.

Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writing, 1972-1977. New York: Pantheon Books.

Foucault, M. (1985). The history of sexuality, vol. 2: The use of Pleasure (R. Hurley, Trans.). New York: Pantheon Books.

Gee, J. R. (1991). A linguistic approach to narrative. Journal of Narrative and life History, 1(1), 15-39.

Gergen, K. J., & Gergen, M. M. (1998). Narrative and the self as relationship. In L. Berkwitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology(Vo.21). San Diego, CA: Acdemic Press.

Gottfredson, L. S. (1981). Circumscription and comprice: A developmental theory of occupational aspirations. Journal of Counseling Psychology Mongraph, 28(6), 545-579.

Hall, D. T. (Ed.). (1996). The career is dead—long live the career: A relational approach to careers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Hamilton, D. (1994). Traditions, preferences, and postures in applied qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln(Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Hawks, B. K. & Muha, D. (1991). Facilitating the career development of minorities: Doing it differently this time. The Career Development Quarterly, 39(1), 251-2690.

Herring, R. D. 1990). Attacking career myths among Native Americans: Implications for counseling. The School Counselor, 38, 62-64.

Herriott, P. (1992). The career management challenge: Balancing individual needs and organizational needs. Newburry Park, CA: Sage.

Helms, J. E. & Piper, R. E. (1994). Implications of racial identity theory for vocational psychology. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 44, 124-138.

Holland, J. L. (1985). Making vocational choices: A Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Preentice-Hall.

Holland, J. L. (1992). Making vocational choices (2nd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

Jackson, L. K. & Roberts, D. K. (1996). Career counseling with African Americans: How far have we really come? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association, New Orlean, L. A. J Jan. 25-27.

Jepsen, D. A. (1989). Adolescent career decision process as coping responses to the social environment. In R. Hanson (Ed.), Career development : Preparing for the 21st century (pp. 67-810). Knoxville, TN: Educational Resource Information Center, Counseling and Personnel Services Clearinghouse.

Kim, J. (1981). Process of Asian-American identity development: a study of Japanese American women’s perceptions of their struggle to achieve positive identities. Unphublished doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Labov, W. (Ed.). (1972). The transformation of experience in narrative syntax. In Labov, W. (Ed.) Language in the inner city: studies in the Black English vernacular (pp.354-396). Philadelphia: university of Penssylvania Press.

Lee, V. E. & Ekstrom, R. B. (1987). Students access to guidance in high school. American Educational Research Journal, 24(2), 287-310.

Lieblich, A., Tuval-Mashiach, R., & Zilber, T.(1998). Narrative Research: reading, analysis and interpretation. CA: Sage Publications.

Martin, W. E. (1991). Career development and American Indians living on reservations: cross-cultural factors to consider. The Career Development Quarterly, 39(1), 273-283.

McDiarmid, G. W., & Kleinfeld, J. S. (1986, May). Occupational values of rural Eskimo. Journal of American Indian Education, 23-29.

McLeod, J. (1998). An Introduction to Counselling.

Osipow, S. H. (1975). The relevance of theories of career development to special groups: Problems, needed data and implications. In J. S. Picou & R. E. Campbell (Eds.), Career behaviors of special groups (pp. 9-22). Westville, OH: Merell.

Osipow, S. H., & Littlejohn, E. M. (1995). Toward a multicultural theory of career development: Prospects and dilemmas. In F. T. L. Leong (Ed.), Career development and vocational behavior of racial and ethnic minorities (pp. 251-261). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Palmer, R. E. (1992).Hermeneutics: Interpretation Theory in Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger, and Gadamwr. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.。嚴平譯(民81)。詮釋學。台北市：桂冠出版社。

Patton, W., & McMahon, M. (1999). Career Deveopment and System theory; A New Relationship. CA: Brooks/ Cole Publishing Company.

Peller, G. (1987). Reason and the mob: The politics of representation. Tikkun, 2(3), 28-95.

Phinney, J. S., Lochner, B. T., & Murphy, R. (1990). Ethnic identity development and psychological adjustment in adolescence. In A. R. Stiffman & L. E. Davis (Eds.), Ethnic issues in adolescence mental health (pp. 53-72). CA: Sage

Ponterotto, & Pedersen, P.(1993). Preventing Prejudice. CA: Sage Publications.

Riessman, C. K. (1993). Narrative Analysis. CA: Sage Publications.

Rosenwald, G. C. & Ochberg, R. L. (1992). Introduction: Life Stories, cultural politics, and self-nuder-standing. In G. C. Rosenwald & R. L. Ochberg (Eds.), Storied live: the cultural politics of self-understanding (pp.1-18). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Said, E. W. (1979) Orientalism. New York: Vintage.

Satre, J. P. (1996). Being and nothingness. New York: Philosophy Library.

Smith, E. J. (1983). Issues in racial minorities’ career behaviors. In Walsh, W. B., & Osipw, S. H. (Eds.). Handbook of Vocation Psychology.

Strauss, A. & Cobin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. CA: Sage.

Super, D. E. (1957). The psychology of careers. New York: Harper & Row.

Super, D. (1984). Career and life development. In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Career Choice and Development, (pp.192-234). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Super, D. E. (1990). A Life-span, life-space approach to career development. In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds), Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice (2nd , pp. 197-261). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Themas, D. A., & Alderfer, (.p. (1993). The influence of race on career dynamics: theory and research on minority career experiences. In Arthur, M. B., Hall, D. T., & Lawrence, B. S. (Eds.), pp.133-158, Handbook of Career Theory. Canada: Cambridge University Press.

Tinto, V. (2001). The significance of race in becoming a teacher. College Student Journal, 35(2), 88-93

Vondracek, F. W., Lerner, R. M.,& Schulenberg, J. E.(1983). The concept of development in vocational theory and intervention. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 23, 179-202.

White, M. & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative means to therapeutic ends. New York: Norton.

White, M. (1991). Deconstruction and therapy. Dulwich Centre Newsletter, 3, 21-40.

White, M. (1993). Commentary: The histories of the present. In Gilligan, S., & Price R.(Eds.), Therapeutic conversations (pp.121-135). New York: Norton.

White, M. (1995). Re-authoring lives: Interviews and essays. Adelaide, Australia: Dulwich Centre Publications.