感覺動作節律（SMR）活動與運動執行中的自動化和流暢有關。根據之前的研 究，單次性神經回饋訓練可以有效提高運動表現。然而，為了讓選手進行神經回饋訓練的過程能夠更快更有效率且同時具備實用價值，加入正念引導以強化單次性神經回饋訓練之效果可能是一個方向。本研究招募了36名慣用右手的菁英業餘高爾夫選手，透過組間比較分配至有接受過正念引導的正念神經回饋組、神經回饋組和控制組。參與者被要求進行10英尺共180球推桿任務，在三組的任務相同，同時在神經回饋訓練前後紀錄SMR功率之變化。同時本研究也透過視覺類比量表來檢測前測和後測不同組別下注意力、主動控制以及放鬆程度的差異。透過單因子變異數分析進行統計分析以檢驗三個組別之間之差異。結果發現，和控制組相比正念神經回饋組以及神經回饋組在提高推桿表現（p < 0.05） 和 SMR 功率（p <0.05）方面是有效的，但是在正念神經回饋組以及神經回饋組是沒有顯著差異的。但是透過視覺類比量表我們發現，和神經回饋組以及控制組相比，正念神經回饋組的參與者對動作細節的注意力（p < 0.05）顯著低於兩組。這項研究顯示在經過正念引導過後單次性 SMR 神經回饋訓練可以改變菁英高爾夫選手在進行神經回饋時對於注意力之專注度。未來的研究建議使用長期正念訓練來檢驗其能否促進單次性神經回饋訓練之效果。

The sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) activity is associated with automation and fluency in motor execution. Previous research has shown that single-session neurofeedback training can effectively enhance athletic performance. To expedite and optimize the neurofeedback training process for athletes and simultaneously enhance its practical value, integrating mindfulness guidance to augment the effectiveness of single-session neurofeedback training may be a promising direction.
This study recruited 36 right-handed elite amateur golf players who were allocated into three groups: mindfulness neurofeedback group, neurofeedback group, and control group, through between-group comparisons. Participants were instructed to perform a 10-foot, 180-ball putting task, with the tasks being identical across all groups. Changes in SMR power were recorded before and after neurofeedback training in all groups. Additionally, differences in attention, magnitude of active control, and relaxation levels between pre- and post-tests among different groups were assessed using visual analog scales. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analysis of variance to examine differences among the three groups. Results indicated that compared to the control group, both the mindfulness neurofeedback group and the neurofeedback group showed significant improvements in putting performance (p < 0.05) and SMR power (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the mindfulness neurofeedback group and the neurofeedback group. Nevertheless, participants in the mindfulness neurofeedback group demonstrated significantly lower attention to movement details (p < 0.05) compared to both the neurofeedback group and the control group, as revealed by the visual analog scales.
This study suggests that single-session SMR neurofeedback training, following mindfulness guidance, could alter the attentional focus of elite golf players during neurofeedback training sessions. Future research is recommended to investigate the potential of long-term mindfulness training in enhancing the effects of single-session neurofeedback training.

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