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研究生：	鍾珞璿 Lo-Hsuan Chung
論文名稱：	台灣產渦蛛科(蛛形綱:蜘蛛目)蜘蛛之分類研究 A Taxonomic Study on the Family Uloboridae (Arachnida: Araneae) of Taiwan
指導教授：	陳世煌 Chen, Shyh-Hwang
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	生命科學系 Department of Life Science
論文出版年：	2012
畢業學年度：	100
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	213
中文關鍵詞：	性別決定機制、染色體、新記錄種、新種
英文關鍵詞：	sex-determining mechanism, chromosome, new record, new species
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：118 下載：5
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本論文共報告台灣產渦蛛科蜘蛛6屬21種，其中新種有5種：Octonoba alishanensis sp. nov.、O. kuanwuensis sp. nov.、Uloborus lushanensis sp. nov.、U. taiwanus sp. nov. 和U. wulaiensis sp. nov.; 新記錄種5種：Miagrammopes bifurcatus、O. biforata、O. senkakuensis、U. penicillatoides及U. walckenaerius，並首次描述O. albicola及O. lanyuensis的雄蛛。此外，本文將O. varians處理為排除種，並將U. formosanusYoshida, 2012處理為U. penicillatoides的同物異名。本論文共調查到台灣產渦蛛科蜘蛛4屬5種之染色體數目，其中O. albicola、O. spinosa和U. walckenaerius雌 (F) 雄 (M) 染色體數目為2n = 18M/ 20F，Philoponella prominens染色體數目為2n = 34M/36F，這四種蜘蛛性別決定機制均為X1X2O型，而Z. geniculata染色體數目為2n = 9M/10F，性別決定機制則為XO型；染色體數目和性別決定機制的多樣性有待日後持續進行調查研究。本研究結果除可增進國人對台灣產渦蛛科蜘蛛物種多樣性和生態習性的瞭解外，並可作為日後染色體演化研究之基礎。

Six genera and 21 species of Uloboridae are revised from Taiwan in this study. Five species, Octonoba alishanensis sp. nov., O. kuanwuensis sp. nov., Uloborus lushanensis sp. nov., U. taiwanus sp. nov.and U. wulaiensis sp. nov. are new to science. Five species, Miagrammopes bifurcatus Dong, Yan, Zhu & Song, 2004, O. biforata Zhu, Sha & Chen, 1989, O. senkakuensis Yoshida, 1983b, U. penicillatoides Xie, Peng, Zhang, Gong & Kim, 1997 and U. walckenaerius Latreille, 1806 are newly recorded in Taiwan. The males of O. albicola Yoshida 2012 and O. lanyuensis Yoshida, 2012 were described for the first time. Octonoba varians (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) was excluded from the spider fauna of Taiwan, and Uloborus formosanus Yoshida, 2012 was considered a synonym of U. penicillatoides Xie, Peng, Zhang, Gong & Kim, 1997. The chromosome numbers and sex-determining mechanisms of five species belonging to four genera of Uloboridae in Taiwan are recorded in this study. Four of the five are recorded for the first time. The chromosome numbers of male (M) and female (F) of O. albicola, O. spinosa and U. walckenaerius are 2n = 18M/ 20F, and those of Philoponella prominens 2n = 34M/36F. The sex-determining mechanisms of these four species are X1X2O type. The chromosome numbers of Z. geniculata are 2n = 9M/10F, and the sex-determining mechanism is XO type. The diversity of chromosome numbers and sex-determining mechanism would be more clear as the chromosome data of spiders accumulate. The results of this study will increase the basic knowledge of diversity and natural behaviors of Uloboridae in Taiwan, and also serve as a foundation for the research of chromosomal evolution.

目錄    i
圖目次    iv
表目次    viii
附錄目次    ix
摘要    x
Abstract    xi
壹、緒論    1
貳、材料與方法    12
一、研究材料    12
二、研究方法    12
参、結果    15
一、形態分類處理    15
Hyptiotes affinis Bösenberg et Strand, 1906 扇網蛛    19
Miagrammopes bifurcatus Dong, Yan, Zhu et Song, 2004 雙叉夜蛛    26
Miagrammopes oblongus Yoshida, 1982b 長夜蛛    29
Miagrammopes orientalis Bösenberg et Strand, 1906 東亞夜蛛    34
Octonoba albicola Yoshida, 2012 白渦蛛    44
Octonoba alishanensis sp. nov. 阿里山渦蛛    48
Octonoba biforata Zhu, Sha et Chen, 1989 雙孔渦蛛    51
Octonoba kentingensis Yoshida, 2012 墾丁渦蛛    55
Octonoba kuanwuensis sp. nov. 觀霧渦蛛    58
Octonoba lanyuensis Yoshida, 2012 蘭嶼渦蛛    60
Octonoba senkakuensis Yoshida, 1983b 釣魚台渦蛛    63
Octonoba spinosa Yoshida, 1982a 棘渦蛛    67
Octonoba taiwanica Yoshida, 1982a 台灣渦蛛    73
Philoponella nigromaculataYoshida, 1992 黑斑菲蛛    79
Philoponella prominens (Bösenberg et Strand, 1906) 隆背菲蛛    85
Uloborus lushanensis sp. nov. 廬山蟱蛛    94
Uloborus penicillatoides Xie, Peng, Zhang, Gong et Kim, 1997毛叢蟱蛛    97
Uloborus taiwanus sp. nov. 台灣蟱蛛    103
Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806 草間蟱蛛    106
Uloborus wulaiensis sp. nov. 烏來蟱蛛    111
Zosis geniculata (Oliver, 1789) 膝型渦蛛    115
二、渦蛛科染色體數目及性別決定機制    121
肆、討論    124
一、形態分類處理    124
二、渦蛛科染色體數目和性別決定機制    126
伍、參考文獻    131


圖目次

Figure 1. External features of Uloboridae    146
Figure 2. External features and copulatory organs of Uloboridae    147
Figure 3. Representative male carapaces of Uloboridae in Taiwan    148
Figure 4. Representative of male left pedipalps of genera Octonoba, Philoponella, Uloborus and Zosis in Taiwan    149
Figure 5. Representative epigyna of genera Octonoba, Philoponella, Uloborus and Zosis in Taiwan    150
Figure 6. Precedures for making the chromosomes    151
Figure 7. Hyptiotes affinis Bösenberg et Strand, 1906, male    152
Figure 8. Hyptiotes affinis Bösenberg et Strand, 1906, female    153
Figure 9. Miagrammopes bifurcatus Dong, Yan, Zhu et Song, 2004, male    154
Figure 10. Miagrammopes oblongus Yoshida, 1982b, male    155
Figure 11. Miagrammopes oblongus Yoshida, 1982b, female    156
Figure 12. Miagrammopes orientalis Bösenberg et Strand, 1906, male .......................................................................................... 157
Figure 13. Miagrammopes orientalis Bösenberg et Strand, 1906, female    158
Figure 14. Octonoba albicola Yoshida, 2012, male    159
Figure 15. Octonoba albicola Yoshida, 2012, female    160
Figure 16. Octonoba alishanensis sp. nov., female    161
Figure 17. Octonoba biforata Zhu, Sha et Chen, 1989, male    162
Figure 18. Octonoba biforata Zhu, Sha et Chen, 1989, female    163
Figure 19. Octonoba kentingensis Yoshida, 2012, female    164
Figure 20. Octonoba kuanwuensis sp. nov., male    165
Figure 21. Octonoba lanyuensis Yoshida, 2012., male    166
Figure 22. Octonoba senkakuensis Yoshida, 1983b, male    167
Figure 23. Octonoba senkakuensis Yoshida, 1983b, female    168
Figure 24. Octonoba spinosa Yoshida, 1982a, male    169
Figure 25. Octonoba spinosa Yoshida, 1982a, female    170
Figure 26. Octonoba taiwanica Yoshida, 1982a, male    171
Figure 27. Octonoba taiwanica Yoshida, 1982a, female    172
Figure 28. Philoponella nigromaculata Yoshida, 1992, male    173
Figure 29. Philoponella nigromaculata Yoshida, 1992, female    174
Figure 30. Philoponella prominens (Bösenberg et Strand, 1906), male    175
Figure 31. Philoponella prominens (Bösenberg et Strand, 1906), female    176
Figure 32. Uloborus lushanensis sp. nov., male    177
Figure 33. Uloborus penicillatoides Xie, Peng, Zhang, Gong et Kim, 1997, male    178
Figure 34. Uloborus penicillatoides Xie, Peng, Zhang, Gong et Kim, 1997, female    179
Figure 35. Uloborus taiwanus sp. nov., female    180
Figure 36. Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806, male    181
Figure 37. Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806, female    182
Figure 38. Uloborus wulaiensis sp. nov., female    183
Figure 39. Zosis geniculata (Oliver, 1789), male    184
Figure 40. Zosis geniculata (Oliver, 1789), female    185
Figure 41. Collecting locations of Hyptiotes affinis Bösenberg et Strand, 1906 in Taiwan    186
Figure 41. Collecting locations of Miagrammopes bifurcatus Dong, Yan, Zhu et Song , 2004 and M. oblongus Yoshida, 1982b in Taiwan    187
Figure 42. Collecting locations of Miagrammopes orientalis Bösenberg et Strand, 1906 in Taiwan    188
Figure 43. Collecting locations of Octonoba albicola Yoshida, 2012, O. biforata Zhu, Sha et Chen, 1989 and O. senkakuensis Yoshida, 1983b in Taiwan    189
Figure 44. Collecting locations of Octonoba alishanensis sp. nov., O. kentingensis Yoshida, 2012, O. kuanwuensis sp. nov. and O. lanyuensis Yoshida, 2012 in Taiwan    190
Figure 45. Collecting locations of Octonoba spinosa Yoshida, 1982a and O. taiwanica Yoshida, 1982a in Taiwan    191
Figure 46. Collecting locations of Philoponella nigromaculata Yoshida, 1992 in Taiwan    192
Figure 47. Collecting locations of Philoponella prominens (Bösenberg et Strand, 1906) in Taiwan    193
Figure 48. Collecting locations of Uloborus lushanensis sp. nov., U. taiwanus sp. nov. and U. wulaiensis sp. nov. in Taiwan    194
Figure 49. Collecting locations of Uloborus penicillatoides Xie, Peng, Zhang, Gong et Kim, 1997 in Taiwan    195
Figure 50. Collecting locations of Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806 in Taiwan    196
Figure 51. Collecting locations of Zosis geniculata (Oliver, 1789) in Taiwan    197
Figure 52. Chromosomes of males of Octonoba albicola, O. spinosa and Philoponella prominens    198
Figure 53. Chromosomes of males of Uloborus walckenaerius and Zosis geniculata    199


表目次
Table 1. Known numbers of chromosome and sex-determining mechanism of Uloboridae    200
Table 2. Chromosome numbers and sex-determining mechanism of Uloboridae in Taiwan    201


附錄目次
Appendix 1. Collecting locations and collectors in Chinese and English    202
Appendix 2. Checklist of Uloboridae of Taiwan    208
Appendix 3. Speceimens examined for chromosome data of Uloboridae from Taiwan    210
Appendix 4. Color plates of Uloboridae from Taiwan    211

                                

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