研究生: |
黃敏澤 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
台南市國民中學一年級學生近視預防的知識態度與其相關因素之研究 |
指導教授: | 陳政友 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
健康促進與衛生教育學系 Department of Health Promotion and Health Education |
論文出版年: | 2002 |
畢業學年度: | 90 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 98 |
中文關鍵詞: | 國民中學一年級學生 、近視預防知識 、近視預防態度 、近視預防行為 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:225 下載:57 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
摘 要
本研究的主要目的是在探討台南市國民中學一年級學生近視預防的知識、態度、行為之現況及其相關因素,以作為預防與改善國中學生視力之參考。本研究採問卷調查方式,以八十九學年度台南市公私立國民中學一年級普通班學生為母群,採多步驟隨機抽樣法抽取樣本,施測後得有效樣本1123人,回收率為99%。
研究所得結果如下:
一、研究對象有關近視形成的機轉較欠缺,且多數學生對自己罹患近
視並不以為然,近視之後亦未接受眼科醫師診治,而直接到眼鏡行檢查配鏡,這種觀念,也是今後應極力導正的重點。有關均衡飲食、經常進行戶外活動、近距離用眼40分鐘或不超過1小時,就應該「望遠休息」的習慣都亟待養成。
二、就單因子變異數分析的角度來看,「女生」、「學業成績高」和「有升學意願」的學生,其近視預防知識和態度都較好;而在近視預防行為方面,但未發現是那兩種社經地位彼此間有差異。
三、就複迴歸分析的角度來看,「學業成績」是預測近視預防知識最主要的變項;「近視預防知識」是預測近視預防態度最主要的變項;而預測近視預防行為最主要的變項則是「近視預防態度」。 所以充實學生的近視預防知識,養成近視預防的態度,建立近視預防行為,乃近視防治的當務之急。
根據研究發現,呼籲政府及各教育主管單位、當局應建立制度,
將近視預防的知識納入九年一貫課程以充實學生的近視預防知識,養成近視預防的態度,以建立近視預防行為,促進其身心健康。
關鍵詞:國民中學一年級學生、近視預防知識、近視預防態度、近視預防行為。
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to understand myopia preventing knowledge, attitude, behavior, and related factors of first-year junior high students in Tainan, Taiwan. The results of the study can be used as a reference for preventing myopia and improving vision care of junior high school students. A questionnaire was developed and utilized to collect the data.The population studied were students who were in their first-year of junior high during the 2000 school-year. We only studied those enrolled in schools of Tainan, Taiwan. A multi-stage sampling method was applied to select the sample. The sample size was 1123. Ninety-nine percent of the questionnaires distributed were completed and returned to us.
The main findings of the study are as follows:
1. In general, Subjects have very little knowledge about the mechanism of the development of myopia, or nearsightedness. They have not been taking actions to prevent the worsening of their vision, and they even ignored symptoms that appeared. Instead of seeing ophthalmologists, they went to eyeglass stores directly. This maladaptive behavior should be corrected immediately. Having a balanced diet, getting regular outdoor exercises and taking rests for the eyes “ by seeing far away after reading 40 minutes to an hour ” are all the important habits to be developed.
2.From the One-Way ANOVA analysis, female students, students with higher scholastic achievements, and students with higher educational goals have better knowledge and attitudes about myopia prevention. When comparing any two of the social statuses “ high, middle and low ” we found no significant difference in the degree of myopia preventive behavior.
3. From Multiple Regression Analysis, knowledge of myopia prevention depended mostly on the students' scholastic achievements, attitude about myopia prevention depended mostly on the knowledge of myopia prevention; and behavior toward preventing myopia depended mostly on the attitude toward myopia prevention. Therefore enriching students' knowledge on myopia prevention, developing preventive myopia attitudes, and building myopia preventive behaviors are essential. According to the study, we should involve the government, the educational institution and the authorities concerned. To decrease the occurrence of myopia, we should include myopia preventive education in the first 9-years of schooling. By doing so, we can encourage better attitudes and behaviors toward myopia prevention, thereby promoting healthier bodies.
Key words: first-year junior high students, myopia preventive knowledge, myopia preventive attitude, myopia preventive behavior.
參考文獻
一、中文部分
那玉(民58)。台北市國民學校兒童視力障礙之研究。中華民國眼科醫學會刊,8,54~56。
行政院(民75 )。加強學童視力保健重點措施(核訂本)。
行政院(民88)。加強學童視力保健五年計劃(核訂本)。
朱珀儀(民86)。臺灣地區六至十八歲學生近視之流行病學研究。國立
台灣大學公共衛生學研究所碩士論文。
李季堯(民75)。學生視力保健。台北:陽明。
李叔佩、張英二、陳政友、楊智良、賴香如、林隆光(民74)。學生
視力保健實驗研究(一~四年綜合報告)。衛生教育雜誌,9,1~14。
李叔佩、張英二、陳政友、楊智良、賴香如、林隆光(民77)。學生
視力保健實驗研究。衛生教育論文集刊,2,49~82。
李蘭、黃琪璘、王幼金、紀雪雲、楊志良(民78)。台北市國中一年級學生視力現況及相關之知識、態度及行為分析。 中華雜誌, 9 (4),210-221。
林隆光(民74)。台灣地區學童有關近視的流行病學研究。國立台灣大學臨床醫學研究所博士論文。
林隆光(民78)。近視的流行病學。健康世界,167,91~ 93。
林隆光(民81)。第三次全國中小學眼屈折狀況調查研究報告。學校衛生,21,2~15。
林隆光、施永豐、陳建仁、蕭朱杏、李隆安、張景薇、蔡忠斌、郭耀文(民89)。2000年台灣地區六至十八歲學生眼屈折狀況流行病學研究。台大醫學院眼科。(未發表)
苗迺芳 (民85)。教育介入對學生視力保健知識、態度及行為的影
響。衛生教育雜誌, 16,20-31。
陳政友(民 83)。學生近視問題探討,學校衛生24,18~25。
陳政友(民78)。國民中學學生視力保健實驗研究,衛生教育論文集
刊,3,75-110。
陳麗美、吳德敏(民78)。台北市某兩所國中一年級學生視力狀況與
視力保健及行為相關性研究。公共衛生16(1), 45-56。
高翠霞(民75)。國小學童視力程度與其生理、心理特質關係之探討。
國立台灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
許明木(民81)。學童近視原因之探討(Ⅱ)。台灣醫界,35(11),46。
張永源、嚴雅音、王瑞霞(民73)。高雄市學生近視有關因素之初步探討。公共衛生,11(2),201~226。
楊瑞珍、熊鯤苓(民89)。台北市某國中一年級學生視力不良狀況及其相關因素初探。醫護科技學刊,2(2),123~133。
廖倩誼、陳正誠(民84)。我國學童視力不良相關文獻之回顧。
學校衛生(26),23~32。
二、英文部分
Angle, J. & Wissmann, D.A. (1980).The epidemiology of myopia American Journal of Epidemiology,3(2),221-225.
Au Eong ,K G,Tay ,T H & Lim,MK(1993). Education and myopia in 110,236 young Singaporean males. Sing Med J,34,489-492.
Cohn H. cited by Karlsonn JL(1975).Influence of the myopia gene on brain development.Clin Genet,8,314-8.
Edwards, MH.(1996). Do variations in normal nutrition play a role in the development of myopia? Optometry & Vision Science,73, (10),638-643.
François, J. & Goes, F . Comparative study of ultrasonic biometry of mmetropes and myopes, with special regard to the heredity of myopia.
Gardiner, P.A. (1958). Dietary treatment of myopia in children.Lancet,1,1152-1155.
Gawron,VJ(1981).Differences among muopes,emmetropes and hyperopes.Am J Optom Physiol Opt,58,753-60.
Goldschmidt, E .(1968)On the etiology of myopia : An epidemiologic study .Acta Ophthalmol, 98(supp1), 1-172
Goss ,DA.Hampton, MJ. & Wickham, MG(1988).Selected review on genetic factor in myopia. J Am Optom Assoc,59,875-884.
Hollingshead AB(1957). Two Factor Index of Social Position. New Haven Connecticut.
Karlsson, J. (1975). Evidence for recessive inheridance of myopia. Clinic Genet.7,197-202.
Kelly, F.S.(1980).Myopia or Expansion Glaucoma Third International Conference on Myopia Copenhagen.
Mei, Q. & Rong, Z.(1994).Early signs of myopia in Chinese school children.Optometry & Vision Science ,71(1),14-16.
Mohan, M., Pakrasi, S. & Garg, SP. (1988) . The role of
environmental factors and herediary predisposition in the causation of low myopia.Acta Ophthalmol Suppl, 185,54-57.
Morgan, MW.(1960).Relationship of refractive error to bookishness and androgyny.Am J Optom,37,171.
Perkin, E.S., & Phelps,C.D.(1082).Open Angle Glaucoma,Ocular Hypertension, Low Tension Glaucoma,and Refrection.
Arch Ophthal.,100, 1464-1467.
Richler, a. and Bear, JC. :Refraction. Nearwork and Education:A Population study in Newfoundland. Acta Ophthal. 58,468-478, 1980.
Rosner ,M.& Belkin ,M.(1987).Intelligence,education and myopia in males. Arch Ophthalmol,105,1509-11.
Sorsby, A.,Sheridan, M & Leary, GA.(1970).Refraction and its components in twins.Medical Research Council Report 303, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London,UK.
Strasser,MK.,Aaron,JE.,Bohn,RC.& Eales ,JR.,(1973). Fundamentals of safety education . New York:MacMillan Publishing Co.
Sycher, AA.(1971).Features of ocular accomdation in schoolchildren. Vestn Ophthalmol,4,54.
Tay, MTH, Au Eong, KG., Ng,CY.& Lim, MK.(1992).Myopia and
educational attainment in 421,116 young Singaporean males.Ann Acad Med,21(6),785-791.
Teasdale ,TW.,Fuchs J.& Goldschmidt, E(1988).Degree of myopia in relation to intelligence and educational level. Lancet 1988, ii(8624):1351-4.
Wixon RJ(1958). The relative effects of heredity and environmental upon the refractive errors of identical twins,fraternal twins and like-sex siblings. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1958 , 35 , 346-351.
Wong, L., Coggon, D., Cruddes, M. & Hwang,C H. (1933). Education, reading and familial tendency as risk factors for myopia in Hong Kong fishermem. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health,47 (1),50-53.
Yap, M.,Wu, M.,Lin, ZM.,Lee, FL & Wang, SH.(1993).Role of heredity in the genesis of myopia. Ophthal Phhysiol Opt . ,13,316-319.
Zhang,J. (1994). A preliminary study on the relation of myopia to the development and nutrition of primary and middle school. Eye Science,10(2),121-124.
Zylbermann, R., Landau, D. & Berson,D.(1993).The influence of study habit on myopia in Jewish teenagers. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strab . 30, 319-322.