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研究生: 粘正穎
Nien, Jeng-Ying
論文名稱: 以共同體作為人性之綻放:喬治・歐威爾《巴黎倫敦落魄記》與蔡明亮《郊遊》之比較
Community as the Budding of Humanity: The Comparison between George Orwell’s Down and Out in Paris and London and Tsai Ming-Liang’s Stray Dogs
指導教授: 梁孫傑
Liang, Sun-Chieh
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年: 2020
畢業學年度: 108
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 102
中文關鍵詞: 無家者共同體人性《郊遊》《巴黎倫敦落魄記》共產主義理念
英文關鍵詞: homeless, community, humanity, Stray Dogs, Down and Out in Paris and London, Idea of communism
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202001513
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:162下載:24
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  • 隨著《無家者——從未想過我有這麼一天》(2016)的出版,以及在2017年開始舉辦的「貧窮人的台北」等活動,無家者議題近幾年漸漸在臺灣受到重視。因受到社會學領域的啟發,首先我將在此論文中探討喬治・歐威爾的《巴黎倫敦落魄記》中倫敦的部分,藉此了解無家者的成因以及英格蘭貧窮法案的發展。接著我將以蔡明亮導演的《郊遊》來討論臺灣的無家者議題,並比較無家者現象在臺灣與英國的異同。最後,受到歐威爾「經營一座小型農場,或是一畦家庭菜園」提議的啟示,以及汲取在二十一世紀由格蕾絲・李・博格斯和埃里克・歐林・賴特的社區發展理論等發想,我將討論藉組織當地、互助的共同體以反抗資本主義的可能性。
    以在地為基礎的共同體中,透過互相關懷與支持,將會產生愛與歸屬感的氛圍,而人性也將成為可能。如同阿蘭・巴迪歐宣稱共產主義理念旨在將革命思想灌注於日常實踐中,地方共同體的計畫也可以是彈性且滾動式進化的。本共同體營造計劃可被視為實驗的過程,依據不同的時間與空間而有所調整。透過分析英格蘭與臺灣的無家者議題,本論文將焦點置於人性以及人類本身,期望為這個存在已久的問題找到一個可行的解決方案。

    With the publication of Life Stories of the Homeless in Taiwan (2016), and the serial activities called “The Poor’s Taipei” launched in 2017, the issue of homelessness has recently gained attention again in Taiwan. With such sociological inspiration, in my thesis, I will first investigate the London part of George Orwell’s Down and Out in Paris and London, to understand the cause of the homeless and the development of the Poor Laws in England. In the next part, I will discuss the homelessness in Taiwan with Tsai Ming-liang’s Stray Dogs and compare it with the homeless phenomenon in England. Finally, inspired by Orwell’s suggestion of running a small farm, or a kitchen garden, plus the theory of community development promoted by Grace Lee Boggs and Erik Olin Wright in the twenty-first century, I will discuss the possibility of acting against the capitalistic oppression by organizing local and mutually-supporting communities.
    In the locally based communities, by caring and supporting each other, the atmosphere of love and the sense of belonging will be established, and the humanity becomes possible. As Alain Badiou claims that the Idea of communism intends to invest revolutionary ideas into everyday practices, the proposal of local communities may also be flexible and evolutionary. The community-building project can be seen as a process of experiment, adapting to different time and space. By analyzing the homelessness in England and Taiwan, this thesis aims to find a probable solution to the long-lasting question by focusing on human beings and humanity.

    Acknowledgements i Chinese Abstract iii English Abstract iv Table of Contents v Chapter One: Introduction 1 Chapter Two: Homelessness in Early Twentieth Century’s London: Discussion on George Orwell’s Down and Out in Paris and London 8 I. The Origin of the Workhouse in England 12 II. The Workhouse as a Good Place 14 III. The Poor’s Attitude—in View of Religion 15 IV. The Poor Law—the Institution Putting the Disadvantaged under Control 23 V. The Operation of the Workhouses 27 VI. The Pre-Community Scheme 29 Chapter Three: Tsai Ming-Liang’s Stray Dogs and the studies on the homelessness in Taiwan 32 I. Capitalism and Homeless Life 40 II. Political Allusions 46 III. The Ontology of Life 48 IV. Ruins and the Capitalistic Exploitation 51 V. Repetition of the Plot 56 Chapter Four: Sociological Theories of Community-building Schemes 60 I. The Detroit Experience 61 II. The Russian Revolution 62 III. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, or the GPCR 65 IV. Revolution in the Twenty-first Century 66 V. The Sociological Theory of Community-Building Projects 73 Chapter Five: The Community Hypothesis 78 I. The Idea of Communism 79 II. Capitalism in literary works 80 III. Underlying problems of Capitalo-Parliamentarianism 82 IV. Education 83 V. Humanity 86 VI. Community as the New Possibility of Communist Experiments 88 Chapter Six: Conclusion 93 Works Cited 95

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