歷經歐洲古代鑄造法、中世紀鍛造法，文藝復興時期宮廷小號團的發展之後，小號曲目在巴洛克時期達到顛峰。但在古典時期之後小號獨奏曲目稀少，即使銅管樂器閥門的發明後也少有著名獨奏曲，具備奏鳴曲式的小號奏鳴曲一直到1935年才出現。

1960年代著名的維也納音樂院教授卡爾‧皮爾斯在擔任首位維也納歌劇院合唱助理指揮與獨唱排練指導期間，創作了許多重要的銅管曲目。1935年他為海爾穆特‧沃比許創作的《小號與鋼琴奏鳴曲》是史上第一首為小號與鋼琴所作的奏鳴曲，也是巴洛克時期後第一首以奏鳴曲為名的小號獨奏曲目。

本曲三個樂章的曲式極端對稱，除了有如奏鳴曲式典範之外，還包含浪漫晚期主曲調音樂中遠系轉調與複雜和絃的特色，以及巴洛克時期複音音樂的主題模仿、緊接與賦格。

本研究透過歷史文獻探討與樂曲分析，對皮爾斯《小號與鋼琴奏鳴曲》提供兼具歷史資料與樂曲分析所得之詮釋觀點。期能成為對本曲愛好之小號演奏者至今最實用的中文參考資料。

After the development of trumpet from casting in ancient era, forging in medieval period and court trumpeters in renaissance, the summit of trumpet repertoire was reached in baroque era. But the trumpet solo pieces are rare since classical era and even after the invention of the valves of brass instrument in romantic era. There's no trumpet sonata composed with sonata form until 1935.

Karl Pilss, the famous professor of Vienna Conservatory in 1960s, wrote many important brass pieces during his tenure as Solokorrepetitor and very first chorus assistant conductor of Vienna Opera House. Sonate für Trompete und Klavier which he wrote for Helmut Wobisch in 1935 is the first sonata for trumpet and piano and also the first piece named as sonata for trumpet after baroque era.

The forms of all 3 movements in this sonata are extremely symmetric. In addition to being a model of sonata form, both characters of homophony such as extraneous modulation, complex harmony and characters of polyphony such as imitation, stretto, fugue are included in this sonata.

Through historical literature review and music analysis, this thesis provides an interpretive view of Pilss's Sonate für Trompete und Klavier. Hope it becomes the most practical reference material in Chinese language for trumpeters who love this sonata.

中文期刊

葉樹涵。〈從海頓的小號協奏曲談起〉，《省交樂訊》。第26期（1994）：10。

中譯書目

Salzer, Felix. 《結構聽覺—音樂中調性的連貫》(Structural Hearing: Tonal Coherence in Music)。葉純之　譯。上海：上海音樂學院出版社，2013。

外文書目

Baines, Anthony. Brass Instruments Their History and Development. New York: Dover Publications, 1993.

Berlioz, Hector. Treatise on Instrumentation. Enlarge and revised by Richard Strauss. Translated by Theodore Front. New York: Edwin F. Kalmus, 1948.

Dahlqvist, Reiner. The Keyed Trumpet and its greatest Virtuoso, Anton Weidinger. Vuarmarens: The Brass Press, 1975.

Heyde, Herbert. Das Ventilblasinstrument. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1987.

Koehler, Elisa. A Dictionary for the Modern Trumpet Player. Lanham: Roeman & Littlefield, 2015.

Schubart, Christian Friedrich Daniel. Ideen zu einer Ästhetik der Tonkuns. Wien: J. V. Degen, 1806.

Tarr, Edward H. Die Trompete. 4. Aful. Mainz: Schott Musik International, 2005.

_____. The Trumpet. Translated by S. E. Plank and Edward H. Tarr. Portland: Amadeus Press, 1988.

Vincent Bach Mouthpiece Manual. Rev. ed. Elkhart: Conn-Selmer, Inc, 2007.

外文期刊

Suggs, Robert. "Brilliant Music for a Dark Era: Karl Pilss, Helmut Wobisch, and the Trompeterchor der Stadt Wien." International Trumpet Guild Journal 28, No. 2 (Jan. 2004).

Tarr, Edward H. "The Romantic Trumpet." Historic Brass Society Journal 5, 1993. Accessed 14 Oct. 2020. http://www.historicbrass.org/edocman/hbj-1993/HBSJ_1993_JL01_016_Tarr.pdf.

_____. "The Romantic Trumpet." Historic Brass Society Journal 6, 1994. Accessed 14 Oct. 2020. http://www.historicbrass.org/edocman/hbj-1994/HBSJ_1994_JL01_007_Tarr.pdf.

外文論文

Akhmadullin, Iskander. "The Russian Trumpet Sonata: A Study with Selected Representative Sonatas for Trumpet and Piano with an Historical Overview of the Russian Trumpet School together with Three Recital of Selected Works by Viviani, Chaynes, Böhm and Others." D.M.A. diss., University of North Texas, 2003.

Lachtner, Thomas. "Der Wiener Klangstil auf der Trompeter." M. A. thesis, Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien, 2005.

Suggs, Robert. "KARL PILSS: LATE ROMANTIC HEIR TO THE VIENNESE TRA-
DITION OF TRUMPET AND BRASS ENSEMBLE MUSIC." D.M.A. diss., University of Maryland, 1998.

Wacker, John Mainard. "An Examination of the Influence of Selected Works by Franz Schmidt on the Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra and the Sonata for Trumpet and Piano by Karl Pilss." D.M.A. diss., University of North Texas, 2008.

線上辭書

Bible (CSB)

Grove Music Online

Österreichisches Musiklexikon Online

Wikipedia

Wikipedia Commons

線上網頁

Billingsgate Trumpet. Photo by City of London Archaeological Trust. London's Waterfront 1100-1666: excavations in Thames Street, London 1974-84 Press release (Oxford: Archaeopress, Mar. 2018), iii. ; Accessed 8 Jun. 2019. http://www.colat.org.uk/Londonwaterfront/.

Finocchietti, Carlo. "Sant'Angelo in Formis. Il Giudizio finale dell'abate Desiderio." Camminare nella storia Blog. 9 lug. 2016; Accesso 22 dic. 2018. http://blogcamminarenellastoria.wordpress.com/2016/07/09/santangelo-in-formis-il-giudizio-finale-dellabate-desiderio/.

Fritz Trümpi, "The First Republic and Austrofacism: Enhancing Reference to Vienna as the 'City of Music' and Strengthening Internal Authoritarian Structures," Wiener Philharmoniker, 12 Mar. 2013; accessed 18 Nov. 2020. http://www.wienerphilharmoniker.at/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Y_iG6StbZ34%3d&portalid=0&language=de-AT.

Jardin d'amour à la cour de Philippe III le Bon, duc de Bourgogne, vers 1430 (copied du 16e siècle). Photo par R.-G. Ojéda, RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles); Consulté le 7 jul. 2019. http://www.photo.rmn.fr/archive/96-009815-2C6NU0HJI8J6.html.

Leichamschneider, Michael and Franz. Sechs Naturtrompeten, 1741 und 1746. Foto von 何敏慈, Jul. 2015. Sammlung alter Musikinstrumente 401-406, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien. http://www.khm.at/objektdb/detail/85099/.

____. "Naturtrompete." 1741. Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien. http://www.khm.at/objektdb/detail/85099/.

Mahmûd al-Wâsitî, Yahyâ ibn. The Assemblies of al-Hariri. Photo by The Yorck Project 2002. World Digital Library; Accessed 22 Dec. 2018. http://www.wdl.org/en/item/18416/view/1/47/.

Nemetz, Andreas. "Trompete in G mit Marschin u.mit F.E.Es.D u.C Bögen." Allgemeine Musikschuler für Militär Musik. Wien: Ant. Diabelli &Comp., Um 1860. Seite 66. http://imslp.org/wiki/Allgemeine_Musikschule_f%C3%BCr_Milit%C3%A4r_Musik%2C_Op.22_(Nemetz%2C_Andreas).

Rathkolb, Oliver. "Notes on the ′′Denazification′′." Wiener Philharmoniker. 12 Mar. 2013; Accessed 9 Nov. 2020. http://www.wienerphilharmoniker.at/LinkClick.aspx?fileticketHELt16SYl_g%3d&portalid=0&language=en-US.

____. "Honours and Awards (Honorary Members, Rings of Honour, the Nicolai Medal and the "Yellow" List)," Wiener Philharmoniker, 12 Mar. 2013; Accessed 9 Nov. 2020, http://wphdata.blob.core.windows.net/documents/Documents/pdf/NS/ns_rath_ehrungen_en_v03.pdf.

Salpinx. Photo by Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Frederick Brown Fund. ; Accessed 12 Dec. 2018. http://collections.mfa.org/objects/50847. (27*4)

Sautermeister, François Antoine. Trompette Demi-lune en Fa, c. 1809. Photo par Musée du Palais Lascaris; Consulté le 5 aug. 2020. http://basenationale.philharmoniedeparis.fr/doc/BASENATIONALE/0850952/trompette-demi-lune-en-fa.

Schnitzer, Anton. Fanfarentrompete. 1581. Kunst Historisches Museum Wien. Zugriff am 3. Aug. 2019. http://www.khm.at/objektdb/detail/84851/.

____. Tromba annodata, 1585. Foto di Michele Magnabosco da "L'Accademia Philomonica di Verona Prospettive di tutela e scheda SM." Philomusica on-line 8, no. 3 (Mar. 2009): 168; Accesso 5 ago. 2019. http://riviste.paviauniversitypress.it/index.php/phi/article/view/08-03-SMO-0406

Steiger, Jacob. Zwei Langtrompeten in Es, 1578. Foto von Historisches Museum Basel; Zugriff am 3. Aug. 2019. http://www.hmb.ch/museen/sammlungsobjekte/einzelan
sicht/s/zwei-langtrompeten-in-es/.

樂譜

Haydn, Johann Michael. Concerto Nr. 1 für Trompete, Streicher, Hörner und Basso continuo. Edited by Walter Haseke. Hamburg-London: Simrock, 1965, foreword.

Haydn, Joseph. Concerto per il Clarino. Vienna: Universal Edition, 1982.

Molter, Johann M. Concerto No. 1 for D Trumpet, Oboes and Continuo. Edited by Stephen L. Glover and John F. Sawyer. Vuarmarens: Editions Bim & The Brass Press, 1972, foreword.

Pilss, Karl. Sonate für Trompete und Klavier. Vienna: Universal Edition, 1962.

Telemann, Georg P. Trompetenkonzert Nr. 1 in D-Dur. Edited by Edward H. Tarr. Nagold: Musikverlag Spaeth & Schmid Blechbläsernoten, 2001.

有聲資料

Gansch, Hans. "Trompetenmusik des 20. Jahrhundrets." Recorded Sep. 13-15 1999. AtemMusik ATMU 99003. CD.

Reinhart, Carole Dawn. "HINDEMITH, GEODICKE, HONEGGER, PILSS, BOZZA, BARAT." Recorded 1973. Deutsche Grammophon 2555 008, 1973. 33 1/3 rpm.

Schuh, Hans Peter. "Hindemith & Pilss Trumpet Sonata." Recorded Jun. 28-30 2011. CRYSTON OVCC-00093, 2011. CD.

有聲資料手冊

Eklund, Niklas. "The Art of the Baroque Trumpet, Vol. 4." Conducted by Nils-Erik Sparf. Produced by Edward Tarr. Recorded with Drottningholm Baroque Ensemble Jun. 13-19, 1997. Naxos 8.554375 CD, 1998. Booklet.

Raeburn, Christopher. "The Haydn Society It's Early Days" (CD booklet). HAYDN: TRUMPET CONCERTO / MOZART: POSTHORN SERENADE. Performed by Helmut Wobisch. Recorded with Vienna State Opera Orhcestra, 1950. MUSIC & ARTS CD-1050, 1999.