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研究生: 陳正道
Chen, Cheng-Tao
論文名稱: Desiderius Erasmus和平思想及其教育蘊義
Desiderius Erasmus' Peace Thought and its Implication for Education
指導教授: 方永泉
Fang, Yung-Chuan
口試委員: 洪仁進
Hung, Ren-Jin
鄭玉卿
Cheng, Yu-Ching
方永泉
Fang, Yung-Chuan
口試日期: 2023/01/16
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 教育學系
Department of Education
論文出版年: 2023
畢業學年度: 111
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 146
中文關鍵詞: 伊拉斯莫斯和平和平思想基督哲學人文主義
英文關鍵詞: Erasmus, Peace, Peace thought, Christian philosophy, Humanism
研究方法: 歷史研究法教育思想史研究
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202300243
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 在文藝復興教育史上,Desiderius Erasmus(1466-1536)被譽為一代偉大的人文主義者。究其一生的學術與精神,和平思想的理念幾乎貫穿在他畢生的事業。本研究欲深入探討Erasmus和平思想的淵源以及教育的可能性,希望從他身上汲取思想精華,反思當代教育的發展。
      本研究以Erasmus的生平為起點,了解他所處的社會背景如何塑造他的和平思想,尤其在政治與宗教的問題上,他認為有必要透過溫和的方式,給予統治者建議以及試圖緩解宗教分裂的危機。他這種漸進與溫和的改革理念,也同時是和平思想的代表,都可說源自於一套「基督哲學」(Philosophia Christi)的展現。其次,透過本研究對Erasmus和平思想方面的著作進行分析與詮釋後,也發現Erasmus的和平思想蘊含著基督教互愛的精神以及陶冶品格上的德行。兩者作為理解Erasmus的和平思想有著極為重要的關鍵,同時也解釋了為何他要透過教育的方式來改革社會,期待社會能夠真正達到和平的狀態。
      在理解Erasmus的和平思想後,本研究也將嘗試思考他和平思想的教育蘊義,提出一些在當代社會發展過程一些應該正視的教育議題。最後在結論中,則會根據Erasmus所主張的和平概念,對於今日台灣社會的教育提出反思與啟示。

    In the history of the Renaissance education, Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536) was known as a great humanist of his generation. The academic and spiritual aspects of his life and the idea of peace thought almost ran through his career. This study intends to deeply explore the origin of Erasmus' peace thought and the possibility of education, hoping to draw the essence of thought from him, reflecting on the development of contemporary education.
      This study with Erasmus's life as a starting point to understand how the social background he lived in shaped his peaceful thoughts, especially on political and religious issues. He considers that it is necessary to give rulers advice and try to ease religious crisis of division. His gradual and moderate reform concept is also a representative of peaceful thoughts, which can be said to be derived from the display of a set of“Christian Philosophy”or“philosophy of Christ”(Philosophia Christi). Secondly, through the analysis and interpretation of Erasmus' peace thought writings through this study, it is also found that Erasmus' peace thoughts contain the spirit of Christian mutual love and the virtue of cultivating character. The two are extremely important keys to understanding Erasmus's peaceful thought, and also explain why he wishes to reform society through education, hoping that society can truly achieve a state of peace.
      After understanding Erasmus' peace thought, this study will also try to think about the educational implications of his peace thought, and propose some educational issues that should be faced squarely in the development of contemporary society. Finally, in the conclusion, based on the concept of peace advocated by Erasmus, some reflections and inspirations will be put forward for the education in today's Taiwan society.

    第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 研究動機與目的 6 第三節 研究範圍與限制 11 第四節 研究方法與步驟 20 第二章 Erasmus時代背景、生平及其和平思想哲學 27 第一節 Erasmus和平思想產生的時代背景 27 第二節 Erasmus生平及其重要著作 39 第三節 Erasmus的基督哲學 52 第三章 Erasmus和平思想的理念與實踐 61 第一節 和平作為普世價值的重要性 61 第二節 和平概念的內涵 68 第三節 實踐和平的途徑 84 第四章 Erasmus和平思想的教育蘊義 103 第一節 互愛作為和平的情感基礎 103 第二節 德行、學識、禮儀的充實 116 第五章 結論與建議 127 第一節 結論 127 第二節 建議 131 參考文獻 135

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    貳、西文部分
    一、Collected Works of Erasmus
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    Erasmus, D. (1986a). A Complaint of Peace Spurned and Rejected by the Whole World. (Betty Radice, Trans.). In A.H.T. Levi (Ed.), Collected Works of Erasmus: Literary and Educational Writings, 5 and 6 (pp. 289-322). University of Toronto Press. (Original works published 1517)
    Erasmus, D. (1986b). The Education of a Christian Prince. (Neil M. Cheshire & Michael J. Heath, Trans.). In A.H.T. Levi (Ed.), Collected Works of Erasmus: Literary and Educational Writings, 5 and 6 (pp. 199-288). University of Toronto Press. (Original works published 1516)
    Erasmus, D. (1988). The Handbook of the Christian Soldier. (Charles Fantazzi, Trans.). In John W. O’Malley (Ed.), Collected Works of Erasmus: Spiritualia, Volume 66 (pp. 1-128). University of Toronto Press. (Original works published 1503)

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    Radice, B. (1986). Complaint of Peace Introductory Note. In A.H.T. Levi (Ed.), Collected Works of Erasmus: Literary and Educational Writings, 5 and 6 (pp. 290-291). University of Toronto Press.
    Radice, B. (1986). Panegyric Introductory Note. In A.H.T. Levi (Ed.), Collected Works of Erasmus: Literary and Educational Writings, 5 and 6 (pp. 2-5). University of Toronto Press.
    Rummel, E. (1990). The Erasmus Reader. University of Toronto Press.
    Salomon, G. (2002). The Nature of Peace Education: Not All Programs Are Created Equal. In G. Salomon &B. Nevo (Eds), Peace Education: The Concept, Principles, and Practices Around the World (pp. 3-13). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    Schacht, F. E. (1965). The Classical Humanist: Erasmus. In P. Nash & A. M. Kazamias & H. J. Perkinson (Eds), The Educated Man--Studies in the History of Educational Thought. (pp. 141-162). John Wiley & Sons.
    Skinner, Q. R. D. (1978a). The Foundations of Modern Political Thought, Vol. 1: The Renaissance. Cambridge University Press.
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    Ulich, R. (1950). History of Educational Thought. American Book Co.
    Woodward, W. H. (1904). Desiderius Erasmus concerning the aim and method of education. Cambridge University Press.
    Woodward, W. H. (1906). Studies in Education during the Age of the Renaissance. Cambridge University Press.

    三、期刊部分
    Chistolini, S. (2017). Education and the Paradigm of Tolerance. European Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(1), 42-52.
    Dallmayr, F. R. (2006). A War Against the Turks? Erasmus on War and Peace. Asian Journal of Social Science, 34(1), 67-85.
    DOS SANTOS, M. E. M. & DE OLIVEIRA, W. S. (2019). State, consensus and legitimacy in the Political Philosophy of Erasmus of Rotterdam. Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, 75(3), 1905-1926.
    Faber, R. A. (2005). "Humanitas" as discriminating factor in the educational writings of Erasmus and Luther. Nederlands archief voor kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History, 85, 25-37.
    Ferguson, W. K. (1954). Renaissance Tendencies in the Religious Thought of Erasmus. Journal of the History of Ideas, 15(4), 499-508.
    Friedrich, C. J. (1970). Erasmus and Kant: On war and peace. World Affairs, 133(1), 1-12.
    Fubini, R. (1992). Review: Renaissance Historian: The Career of Hans Baron. The Journal of Modern History, 64(3), 541-574.
    Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of peace Research, 6(3), pp.167-191.
    Hardin, R. F. (1982). The Literary Conventions of Erasmus' Education of a Christian Prince: Advice and Aphorism. Renaissance Quarterly, 35(2), 151-163.
    Hoffmann, M. (1989). Faith and Piety in Erasmus's Thought. The Sixteenth Century Journal, 20(2), 241-258.
    Kleinhans, R. G. (1970). Luther and Erasmus, Another Perspective. Church History, 39(4), 459-469.
    Kristeller, P. O. (1970). Erasmus from an Italian Perspective. Renaissance Quarterly, 23(1), 1-14.
    Kroeker, G. G. (2016). Erasmus the Theologian. Church History and Religious Culture, 96(4), 498-515.
    Lambertini, R. (2011). Mirrors for Princes. In Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy Springer. 791-797.
    O'Malley, J. W. (1974). Erasmus and Luther, Continuity and Discontinuity As Key to Their Conflict. The Sixteenth Century Journal, 5(2), 47-65.
    Parrish, J. M. (2010). Education, Erasmian humanism and More's "Utopia". Oxford Review of Education, 36(5), 589-605.
    Rice, E. F. (1950). Erasmus and the Religious Tradition, 1495-1499. Journal of the History of Ideas, 11(4), 387-441.
    Sowards, J. K. (1982). Erasmus and the Education of Women. The Sixteenth Century Journal, 13(4), 77-89.
    Trapman, J. (2013). ERASMUS AND HERESY. Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance, 75(1), 7-24.
    van den Dungen, P. (2009). Erasmus: The 16th Century's Pioneer of Peace Education and a Culture of Peace. Journal of East Asia and International Law, 2(2), 409-431.
    Wielemans, W. (1991). Erasmus Assessing ERASMUS. Comparative Education, 27(2), 165-180.

    四、博碩士論文部分
    Cailes, M. J. (2012). Renaissance ideas of peace and war and the humanist challenge to the scholastic just war. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Exeter, Exeter). Retrieved from https://0-ethos-bl-uk.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569266
    Fuchs, S. P. (1972). The Education of Princes: A Comparative Analysis of Desiderius Erasmus' 'Institutio Principis Christiani,' Guillaume Bude's 'De L'Institution Du Prince,' and Thomas More's 'utopia'. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. (UMI No. 7224963)
    Lattin, B. D. (1992). The irenic and sermonic nature of Erasmus's rhetorical system. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. (UMI No. 9238939)
    Low, E. S. (1956). A study of Erasmus' "Dulce bellum inexpertis": Introduction, translation and critical commentary. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. (UMI No. EP67580)
    Rebhorn, W. A. (1968). Renaissance Optimism and the Limits of Freedom: Educational Theory in the Quattrocento, Erasmus, Castiglione, and Rabelais. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. (UMI No. 6913794)
    Sheppard, A. (1931). Erasmus as an Educator. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. (UMI No. 7233739)

    五、網路資源
    Collins English Dictionary. (2022). 【Erasmian】. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/erasmian
    European Comission. (2022, January 22). 【European Union】. https://reurl.cc/QjDde5
    UNESCO. (2021). Culture of Peace and Non-violence. 【WWW.UNESCO.ORG】. https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-peace-programmes

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