研究生: |
郭于中 Kuo, Yu-Chung |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
全球在地化之理論與實踐:以台視台語新聞為例之分析 Glocalization in Theory and Practice with Reference to TTV Taiwanese News Program |
指導教授: |
陳文政
Chen, Wen-Cheng |
口試委員: |
吳瑞文
Wu, Rui-Wen 劉瀚宇 Liu, Han-Yu 鄭自隆 Cheng, Tzu-Leong 陳文俊 Chen, Wen-Chun 陳文政 Chen, Wen-Cheng |
口試日期: | 2023/07/20 |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
政治學研究所 Graduate Institute of Political Science |
論文出版年: | 2023 |
畢業學年度: | 111 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 312 |
中文關鍵詞: | 全球化 、全球在地化理論 、全球在地化實踐 、台語新聞 、台視台語新聞 |
英文關鍵詞: | globalization, glocalization theory, glocalization practice, Taiwanese news, TTV Taiwanese News Program |
研究方法: | 個案研究法 、 半結構式訪談法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202301578 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:103 下載:9 |
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二十世紀末以來,「全球化」與「民主化」為全球兩大趨勢。諸多學者嘗試從不同面向解釋全球化如何影響人類世界,從而出現全球在地化的論述。
本文旨在以台視台語新聞為例,分析全球在地化之理論與實踐。首先,本文紹述全球在地化理論及新聞全球在地化概念,包括:全球在地化之概念緣起、全球在地化之概念意涵,以及全球在地化之理論觀點與理論之批判,進而歸納新聞全球在地化之分析策略,包括:全球與在地化新聞並重,在地話語呈現國際新聞,與在地話語轉譯國際新聞。其次,探討台視台語新聞製播之脈絡分析,包括:台灣台語新聞之發展脈絡,台視台語新聞製播近況,與台視台語新聞各階段特徵。復次,本文分析台語新聞在地話語呈現國際新聞之策略與實踐,包括:台視台語新聞之全球在地化策略與實踐方法,並以Robertson理論檢視全球在地化策略與實踐。接著,論述,台視台語新聞在地話語轉譯國際新聞之分析,分別為台語新聞全球在地化特徵之分析,台語新聞全球在地化內容之分析,從全球在地化現象檢視台語新聞。
結果發現,從全球在地化的理論來檢視台視台語新聞之實務,台視台語新聞符合全球與在地化新聞並重、符合在地話語呈現國際新聞、符合在地話語轉譯國際新聞等特徵;從台視台語新聞之實務來檢視全球在地化的理論,發現台視台語新聞的製播策略,符合全球在地化之理論;台語新聞的製播現況,符合全球在地化之實踐。
Since the late 20th century, globalization and democratization have become two defining global trends. For decades, numerous scholars have attempted to explain how globalization affected the human world from different perspectives. These discussions have helped shape the concept of glocalization.
This paper aims to analyze the theory and practice of glocalization using TTV Taiwanese news as an example. This article first introduces the theory of glocalization and news glocalization, including the origin of the concept of glocalization, the meaning of glocalization and the theoretical viewpoints and criticisms of glocalization. The author then discusses the strategy for analyzing glocalization, which includes attaching equal importance to global and localized news, presenting international news in local discourse, and translating international news into the local language. This thesis then goes on to present a context analysis of the production and broadcasting of TTV Taiwanese news, including the development of Taiwanese news in Taiwan, the current status of TTV Taiwanese News production and broadcasting, and the features of TTV Taiwanese news at each stage. This is followed by another analysis of the strategy and practice of presenting international news in local discourse in the case of Taiwanese news. The author examines the glocalization strategy of Taiwanese news, the methods of practicing glocalization in Taiwanese news and the strategy and practice of glocalization based on Robertson’s theory. The chapter ends with an investigation of the practices of translating international news content for Taiwanese news production, including an analysis of the characteristics of the glocalization of Taiwanese news, an analysis of the content of Taiwanese news glocalization and an examination of Taiwanese news from a glocalization perspective.
The results show that TTV Taiwanese news demonstrates the major characteristics of news glocalization: with global and localized news occupying equal shares, with a practice of presenting international news in local discourse, and with a process of translating international news into the local language. The major discovery reported in this thesis is that TTV Taiwanese news itself is a display of different levels of glocalization.
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參、網路資源
一、中文部分:
BBC NEWS(2021),〈2021年回顧 BBC中文盤點十大國際新聞〉,《BBC NEWS》,2021年12月28日,最後瀏覽日:2022年3月6日,網址:https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-59596347
BBC NEWS(2020),〈年終回顧:2020年牽動人心的十大國際新聞〉,《BBC NEWS》,2020年12月30日,最後瀏覽日:2022年3月6日,網址:https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-55258244
BBC NEWS(2020),〈歷史上幾次傳染病大流行是怎麼結束的?〉,《BBC NEWS》,2020年10月5日,最後瀏覽日:2022年3月6日,網址:https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/resources/idt-ae57eb25-a3d3-4479-bd06-cf689e1f5f1d.
ChhoeTaigi找台語(2018),《找台語台語辭典/字詞資料庫》,最後瀏覽日:2023年7月23日,網址:https://chhoe.taigi.info/search?method=basic&searchMethod=equals&spellingMethod=PojInput&taibun=%E5%BE%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%97%87
ChhoeTaigi找台語(2018),《找台語台語辭典/字詞資料庫》,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月26日,網址:https://chhoe.taigi.info/search?method=basic&searchMethod=equals&spellingMethod=PojInput&taibun=%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E8%99%8E
iTaigi (未註明起始年代),《iTaigi台語辭典》,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月25日,網址:https://itaigi.tw/k/%E6%BC%A2%E5%A0%A1
NHK World-Japan(2022),〈日本前首相安倍晉三遭槍擊身亡〉,《NHK》,7月8日,最後瀏覽日:2022年12月8日,網址:https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/zt/news/backstories/2046/
民視(未註明網站成立時間),《民視新聞頻道節目表》,最後瀏覽日:2021月7日,網址:http://web.niotv.com/NIO_2017_WEB/i_index.php?cont=day&grp_id=3&sch_id=45&way=outter
Tw-Ch台文中文辭典(2002),《台文中文辭典》,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月26日,網址:https://chhoe.taigi.info/TaihoaSoanntengTuichiautian/67044
中天快點TV(2016),《【影】李晶晶介紹包包「中英文混雜」 網友邊笑邊模仿:forget怎麼say中文了》,11月20日,最後瀏覽日:2021年5月8日,網址:https://gotv.ctitv.com.tw/2016/11/302336.htm
中華民國國家發展委員會(未註明網站成立時間),《雙語政策》,最後瀏覽日:2023年7月27日,網址:https://www.ndc.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=A3CE11B3737BA9EB
公視台語台(未註明網站成立時間),《公視台語台節目表》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月29日,網址:http://web.pts.org.tw/php/programX/program/main.php?XCHANNEL=PTS2&XMODE=WEEK
台視新聞(2023),〈台東出現美麗七彩雲 民眾讚如仙人下凡〉,《台視新聞台》,5月30日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月30日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVtVdjm39w8
台視新聞(2023),〈狒狒逃走中 夜間出動”熱像儀”全面搜捕〉,《台視新聞台》,3月24日,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月24日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dzqcM1mZ-5k
台視新聞(2022),〈西班牙探監巴士過吞墜河 釀6死2傷〉,《台視新聞台》,12月26日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月29日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qF37xwAHStE
台視新聞(2022),〈為企鵝造冰製溜滑梯 哈爾濱搶旅遊商機〉,《台視新聞台》,12月21日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月30日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBXpboVXZQc
台視新聞(2022),〈加州北部沿海發生規模6.4地震 當地7萬戶停電〉,《台視新聞台》,12月21日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月29日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5m64rfbJQOA
台視新聞(2022),〈台積電美廠移機典禮 拜登.庫克等政要出席〉,《台視新聞台》,12月7日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月29日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-fUkydoKVg
台視新聞(2022),〈孕婦真有”媽媽腦”? 國外研究證實是真的〉,《台視新聞台》,11月29日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月29日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYu9759z_KI
台視新聞(2022),〈世足賽卡達開踢 球迷”入境隨俗”避免觸法〉,《台視新聞台》,6月24日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月30日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6YyPbXqYEI
台視新聞(2022),〈美奧克拉荷馬州槍擊4人死亡 槍手也喪命〉,《台視新聞台》,06月02日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3srFZDRPMM
台視新聞(2022),〈2022.4.1講新聞落台語:類普篩V.S.普篩 採區域實施.成本較低〉,《台視台語台》,4月1日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月20日,網址:https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/1232583
台視新聞(2022),〈烏干達富商娶12妻生102子 要枕邊人吃避孕藥〉,《台視新聞台》,2月29日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月30日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y24ryKpce5c&t=2445s
台視新聞(2021),〈金澤市頂級松葉蟹競標 一隻台幣124萬〉,《台視新聞台》,11月8日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月29日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enRsWNpSxPQ
台視新聞(2021),〈三角龍化石將拍賣〉,《台視新聞台》,10月21日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQxd-X1pldo
台視新聞(2021),〈俄羅斯截肢男靠”雙手”登峰〉,《台視新聞台》,10月8日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6d7aq4dQmVk
台視新聞(2021),〈英另類”足球高爾夫”〉,《台視新聞台》,8月10日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月27日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geOeWKJsJoE&t=6s
台視新聞(2021),〈大陸新興”吊脖運動” 宣稱可改善肩頸毛病〉,《台視新聞台》,5月26日,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月3日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94DJbfKkgo8&t=7s
台視新聞(2021),〈美國週六連爆3起槍擊案 三斷魂多人傷〉,《台視新聞台》,05月10日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Se99LpyDbMY&t=1284s
台視新聞(2021),〈炫麗彩虹穿過暴龍捲風 美民眾搶拍奇景〉,《台視新聞台》,4月29日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfEs62_a_XM
台視新聞(2019),〈日本2019年度料理評比 ”珍珠突圍奪大獎”〉,《台視新聞台》,12月6日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月27日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geOeWKJsJoE&t=6s
台視新聞(2019),〈澳洲野火蔓延 雪梨霧霾籠罩如”天空之城”〉,《台視新聞台》,11月20日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月29日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrgjKMihggE
台視新聞(2019),〈藍鯨大解放 “黃金”奇蹟珍貴畫面拍到了〉,《台視新聞台》,11月20日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月29日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrgjKMihggE
台視新聞(2019),〈 “超級血狼月”將現身 猶太預警:有強國將垮〉,《台視新聞台》,1月9日,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月1日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5f2uA9H_tQQ
台視新聞(2018),〈義大利噴水池亂象 民眾大庭廣眾脫內褲〉,《台視新聞台》,8月24日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月30日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZqcLvbiH4g&t=3s
台視新聞台(2018),〈第一線採訪文金會台視主播登韓國報紙〉,《台視新聞》,4月28日,最後瀏覽日:2022年12月8日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3jztJZ-jZI
台視新聞(2018),〈頭皮發麻! 美紐約按摩名店 推蟒蛇按摩〉,《台視新聞台》,3月24日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNz9Ewhi84c&t=16s
台視新聞(2018),〈南韓”家庭主夫”多達17萬人 創歷史新高〉,《台視新聞台》,3月14日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月30日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVDwgeI3yJU
台視新聞(2018),〈天空亮點! “超級滿月”2018元旦夜登場〉,《台視新聞台》,1月3日,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月1日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJC4hVqHqqg&t=1996s
台視新聞(2017),〈主唱鍾鉉告別式 SHINee團員合體淚別〉,《台視新聞台》,12月22日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月30日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=978H9k0xWtI&t=3s
台視新聞(2017),〈冰不夠厚搶快開工 溜冰場員工跌入冰湖〉,《台視新聞台》,12月21日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月30日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBXpboVXZQc
台視新聞(2017),〈螢火蟲靈感激發 “奈米粒子”注入植物〉,《台視新聞台》,12月21日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月30日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBXpboVXZQc
台視新聞(2017),〈放生Seafood 海濤法師2信徒被罰116萬〉,《台視新聞台》,9月27日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rg4RK92l25k
台視新聞(2017),〈吸睛!新版蜘蛛人 梅嬸變年輕又火辣〉,《台視新聞台》,7月10日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月31日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkEYEtlgxqM&t=8s
台視新聞(2017),〈180年來首例! 白金漢宮出現女衛兵隊長〉,《台視新聞台》,6月28日,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月5日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Fo3OAK6B_4
台視新聞(2017),〈美國地鐵槍擊 凶嫌朝列車上乘客掃射1死〉,《台視新聞台》,4月14日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rr-Q22cfbME&t=6s
台視新聞(2017),〈南加州小學傳槍響3死 凶嫌闖校園殺妻〉,《台視新聞台》,4月11日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tePUrxJ11aE
台視新聞(2017),〈巴西監獄幫派暴動爆槍戰 至少80死〉,《台視新聞台》,1月3日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYPNLjPoqxg
台視新聞(2016),〈罕見奇景!『白色彩虹』襯雪美得醉人〉,《台視新聞台》,11月24日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月29日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-4saeMsW4M
台視新聞(2016),〈男同性伴侶喜獲3胞胎 嬰擁2人DNA〉,《台視新聞台》,10月3日,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月5日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3oP6Mg8HD_M
台視新聞(2015),〈紐西蘭女模大胃王 96秒吞一打甜甜圈〉,《台視新聞台》,9月18日,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月5日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swHBFZ1wr7Q
台視新聞(2016),〈驚悚吐舌恫嚇 眼鏡蛇藏匿馬桶嚇壞人〉,《台視新聞台》,6月8日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lM5mFoFUC2o
台視新聞(2016),〈美國佛州夜店槍擊案50死53傷 IS宣稱犯案〉,《台視新聞台》,06月3日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJnCLPvePuI
台視新聞(2016),〈天打雷劈! 孟加拉四天內65人遭雷擊亡〉,《台視新聞台》,5月18日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月28日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpcs6n0QhsA
台視新聞(2016),〈挑戰全球最高 空中飛人高空驚險演出〉,《台視新聞台》,2月25日,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月5日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQGCFk1IyA4
台視新聞(2016),〈大鯨鯊纏上捕魚繩 好心潛水伕解枷鎖〉,《台視新聞台》,2月15日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月29日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1eL8ptN3q8
台視新聞(2016),〈萌翻!寵物豬搭飛機 “情感支援”女主人〉,《台視新聞台》,2月15日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月29日,網址:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1eL8ptN3q8
交通部中央氣象局(未註明起始年代),《新雨量分級Q&A全書下載》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月15日,網址:https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/K/CommonFaq/rain_all.html
自由時報即時新聞綜合報導(2020),〈日本關東天空出現「火彩虹」 網友讚:天使的筆跡〉,《自由時報》,6月26日,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月10日,網址:https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3210021
吳映璠(2021),〈新冠嚴重呼吸器不夠?科學家從屁股找到可能解方〉,《中時新聞網》,5月18日,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月20日,網址:https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20210518000018-260408?chdtv
阿心Liao(2018),〈台語大考驗!各種名詞怎麼唸 企鵝發音是「站著的鵝」超難〉,《ETtoday》,5月1日,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月10日,網址:https://boba.ettoday.net/video/228/284/79933
教育部(2011),《教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月30日,網址:https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/
教育部(2011),《教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月20日,網址:https://sutian.moe.edu.tw/zh-hant/tshiau/?lui=tai_su&tsha=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%B7%A4
教育部(2011),《教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月15日,網址:https://sutian.moe.edu.tw/zh-hant/tshiau/?lui=tai_su&tsha=%E6%9F%91%E4%BB%94%E8%9C%9C
教育部(2011),《教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月10日,網址:https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/
教育部(2011),《教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月10日,網址:https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_detail.jsp?n_no=14013&curpage=0&sample=%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B&radiobutton=0&querytarget=0&limit=1&pagenum=0&rowcount=0
教育部(2011),《教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月2日,網址:https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_detail.jsp?n_no=10840&curpage=1&sample=%E8%9D%95%E6%9C%88&radiobutton=1&querytarget=1&limit=20&pagenum=1&rowcount=1
教育部(2011),《教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月2日,網址:https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_detail.jsp?n_no=60372&curpage=1&sample=%E6%96%B7%E6%8E%8C%E6%9F%A5%E5%9F%94%E5%81%9A%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%AC%EF%BC%8C%E6%96%B7%E6%8E%8C%E6%9F%A5%E6%9F%90%E5%AE%88%E7%A9%BA%E6%88%BF&radiobutton=1&querytarget=1&limit=20&pagenum=1&rowcount=1
教育部(2011),《教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月2日,網址:https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_detail.jsp?n_no=12627&curpage=1&sample=%E4%B8%89%E6%A2%9D%E8%8C%84%E6%AF%8B%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%80%E7%B2%92%E8%9F%AF&radiobutton=1&querytarget=3&limit=20&pagenum=1&rowcount=1
教育部(2011),《教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月2日,網址:https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_detail.jsp?n_no=2181&curpage=0&sample=%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97&radiobutton=0&querytarget=0&limit=1&pagenum=0&rowcount=0
教育部(2011),《教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月15日,網址:https://sutian.moe.edu.tw/zh-hant/su/13850/
教育部(未註明起始年代),《教育部重編國語辭典修訂本》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月20日,網址:https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=106123&q=1&word=%E8%A1%80%E6%A0%93
教育部(未註明起始年代),《教育部重編國語辭典修訂本》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月15日,網址:https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=22042&word=%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%81
教育部(未註明起始年代),《教育部重編國語辭典修訂本》,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月15日,網址:https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=111273&q=1&word=%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC
陳淑嬌(2020),〈台灣語言活力二十年來之變遷(I)〉,《GRB政府研究資訊系統》,最後瀏覽日:2021年4月22日,網址:https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=13531659
陳淑嬌(2003),〈臺灣語言活力變遷之研究〉,《GRB政府研究資訊系統》,最後瀏覽日:2021年4月22日,網址:https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=2332283
華視全球資訊網,《華視節目表》,未註明網站成立時間,最後瀏覽日:2023年3月31日,網址:https://www.cts.com.tw/
華視新聞網(2013),《華視首創全台最早台語新聞 國台客三聲帶主播羅瑞誠入主「華視透早講新聞」》,12月27日,最後瀏覽日:2021年6月5日,網址:https://news.cts.com.tw/cts//201312/201312271357578.html.
蔡曉穎(2015),〈美國客運火車出軌前可能撞到東西〉,《BBC NEWS中文》, 5月16日,最後瀏覽日:2022年12月1日,網址:https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2015/05/150516_us_amtrak_train
衛福部疾病管制署(2022),〈COVID-19〉,《衛生福利部疾病管制署》,3月6日,最後瀏覽日:2022年3月6日,網址:https://www.cdc.gov.tw/
衛生福利部疾病管制署(2020),《嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎 疾病介紹》,4月27日,最後瀏覽日:2023年5月25日,網址:https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Category/Page/vleOMKqwuEbIMgqaTeXG8A
聯合國新聞(2016),〈世界氣象組織:科威特出現54℃創紀錄高溫〉,《聯合國》,7月26日,最後瀏覽日:2022年12月2日,網址:https://news.un.org/zh/story/2016/07/260732
二、英文部分:
Aristot(1926), “Rhetoric 1.2, 1355b26f”, in J. H. Freese, eds, Aristotle, Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, accessed on May 13, 2023, https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0060%3Abekker+page%3D1355b
Dogramadjieva, Elka(2020), Glocalization strategies and current transformations of innovative city tours of Sofia, Bulgaria, Globalization and its Socio-Economic Consequences, SHS Web of Conferences 92, 04005, pp. 1-11, accessed on April 16, 2023, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Freedom House(2021), Countries and Territories, Freedom House, accessed on April 19, 2021, https://freedomhouse.org/countries/freedom-world/scores, https://freedomhouse.org/country/taiwan/freedom-world/2021
Gerstmann, Evan(2020), How the COVID-19 Crisis is Threatening Freedom and Democracy Across the Globe, Forbes, accessed on April, 25, 2021. www.forbes.com/sites/evangerstmann/2020/04/12/how-the-covid-19-crisis-is-threatening-freedom-and-democracy-across-the-globe/#6dec63234f16.
Hayes, Adam(2020), Glocalization-What is Glocalization? Investopedia, access on May 12, 2021, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/glocalization.asp.
Held, David(2004), Globalisation: The Dangers and the Answers, OpenDemocracy, May, accessed on September 11, 2021, https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/article_1918jsp/#top
Herb, Jeremy(2022), Starr Barbara and Kaufman Ellie, US orders 7,000 more troops to Europe following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, CNN News, February 24, accessed on December 8, 2022, https://web.archive.org/web/20220227052443/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/24/politics/us-military-ukraine-russia/index.html
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Kalygina, Valentina and Anna Chernysheva(2019), Globalization Stragegy Of The International Companies In The Russian Fmcg Market Under The Import Substitution Policy, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 10th, pp. 73-89, accessed on April 16, 2023, https://www.iises.net/proceedings/10th-business-management-conference-paris/table-of-content/detail?article=glocalization-strategy-of-the-international-companies-in-the-russian-fmcg-market-under-the-import-substitution-policy
Kent, Sherman(2021), Global Trends 2040, Office of the Director of National Intelligence Council (NIC), pp. 1-156, accessed on July 10, 2021, https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/GlobalTrends_2040.pdf
Lucy, J.A.(2001), Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, accessed on May 15, 2023, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B0080430767030424
Martín-Cabello, Antonio(2014), Religion and Culture in a Global World: a Sociological Approach, methaodos.working papers, accessed on June 27, 2020, p. 3, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262236556_Religion_and_Culture_in_a_Global_World_a_Sociological_Approach
O’Sullivan, John(2016), The Changing Face of Global Trade. The Economist, November 23, 2016, accessed on December 12, 2020, https://www.economist.com/buttonwoods-notebook/2016/11/23/the-changing-face-of-global-trade
Person, Robert and Michael McFaul(2022), What Putin Fears Most, Journal of Democracy, February 22, 2022, accessed on March 6, 2022, https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/what-putin-fears-most/
Picker, Les(2004), The Economic Decline in Africa, National Bureau of Economic Research, No. 1, accessed on December 5, 2020, https://www.nber.org/digest/jan04/economic-decline-africa.
Revolt Against Globalization (2000), Globalization Myths and Realities, International Socialist Review, June-July 2000, accessed on September 18, 2021, pp. 1-5, http://www2.clarku.edu/faculty/jbrown/global/handouts/global_myths.pdf
Scott Yarbrough(2019), What in the World is a Super Blood Wolf Moon?, AstroCamp, January 9, accessed on 5 March, 2023, https://astrocamp.org/blog/super-blood-wolf-moon/
Siebert, Johanna(2019), Globalisation, Agency, Theory: A Critical Analysis of Marxism in Light of Brexit, E-International Relations, January 5, 2019, accessed on August 7, 2021, pp. 1-10. https://www.e-ir.info/pdf/77011
Sowards, Stacey K.(2021), Rhetoricity of borders: whiteness in Latinidad and beyond, Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, pp. 1-9, accessed on April 25, 2021, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14791420.2021.1898010?scroll=top&needAccess=true
The Economist(2020), International trade Changing places: The pandemic will not end globalisation, but it will reshape it, The Economist, October 8, 2020, accessed on December 20, 2020, https://www.economist.com/special-report/2020/10/08/changing-places
Weisbrot, Mark, Dean Baker, Egor Kraev and Judy Chen(2001), The Scorecard on Globalization 1980–2000: Twenty Years of Diminished Progress, Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research, accessed on June 6, 2020, https://cepr.net/report/the-scorecard-on-globalization-1980-2000-20-years-of-diminished-progress/?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=pmd_T16agRJI4f2xxfrZB422WlqWJlPZR1SLZxN93CMwx_8-1632925108-0-gqNtZGzNAnujcnBszQil
三、其他:
NHK 關西新聞網,〈大阪地震死亡人數改為4人〉,《NHK》,2018年6月29日,最後瀏覽日:2022年12月8日,網址:https://web.archive.org/web/20180701223419/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/kansai-news/20180629/0002378.html