研究生: |
羅尹廷 Yin-Ting, Lo |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
夸父綠小灰蝶之生態學初探 Preliminary ecological studies on Sibataniozephyrus kuafui (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). |
指導教授: |
徐堉峰
Hsu, Yu-Feng |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
生命科學系 Department of Life Science |
論文出版年: | 2001 |
畢業學年度: | 89 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 72 |
中文關鍵詞: | 生活史 、產卵偏好 、標識再捕法 、保育 、小灰蝶科 、夸父綠小灰蝶 |
英文關鍵詞: | life history, oviposition preference, conservation, Lycaenidae, Sibataniozephyrus kuafui |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:323 下載:34 |
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以四種不同溫度飼育觀察北插天山、拉拉山及銅山三樣區之夸父綠小灰蝶幼生期,顯示於相同溫度條件下,三樣區之間夸父綠小灰蝶各幼蟲期與蛹期的發育狀況並沒有顯著差異。隨溫度的遞減,夸父綠小灰蝶幼蟲的發育時間有逐漸增長的趨勢;夸父綠小灰蝶之幼生期體型(各齡幼蟲及蛹期)及成蝶則均有明顯增大現象。計算不同溫度條件下飼養夸父綠小灰蝶幼蟲發育天數,估算出三樣區中夸父綠小灰蝶之幼蟲發育起點溫度均在0℃左右,有效積溫約在600日度,屬於快速發育的昆蟲種類。由夸父綠小灰蝶之發育起點溫度、有效積溫以及成蝶族群年齡結構,可以推測夸父綠要灰蝶成蝶族群發生的高峰期在每年的五月下旬至六月上旬。利用標識再捕法(Marked-Captured and Recaptured,MRR)於北插天山樣區內估算夸父綠小灰蝶成蝶族群密度,經Seber以及Bailey的修正公式估算夸父綠小灰蝶之族群密度,發現此二修正公式所計算之單日族群最高密度均為3500隻左右。1998及1999兩年族群密度較低的族群相對指標各為112與114,值得進行夸父綠小灰蝶族群絕對與相對族群密度之監測。
對夸父綠小灰蝶成蝶行為生態研究中發現,雌蝶有一定之產卵偏好性,喜於台灣水青岡細小枝條的背光面、附近的枝葉鬱閉度中等、距離地面平均3至5公尺處產卵,卵粒所在的位置提供初齡幼蟲取食嫩葉之便利性。成蝶活動時間由上午九時至中午十二時,且於十時達到高峰,並持續至中午十二時。過了十三時之後,成蝶活動數量就呈現急劇減低趨勢,與棲息環境中物理條件有關。由拉拉山樣區捕獲北插天山樣區中標識之夸父綠小灰蝶,顯示夸父綠小灰蝶成蝶具有高度的飛行能力。
夸父綠小灰蝶幼蟲期取食台灣水青岡嫩葉的數量並不大,因此推測夸父綠小灰蝶對呈現孓遺分布的台灣水青岡生存方面上不會有重大影響。同時,也可以推測夸父綠小灰蝶幼蟲在寄主台灣水青岡上的活動能力並不高。目前可以確認的夸父綠小灰蝶族群水平分布範圍包括有卡保山、北插天山、拉拉山及銅山四族群,垂直分布範圍為則為1500-200公尺。
夸父綠小灰蝶幼生期之存活極容易受氣候條件影響,生態上之適應的條件僅有初步探討,且不同時期均有不同類的天敵控制族群密度,人為干擾未曾因台灣水青岡為公告的稀有植物而減低,本研究擬定初步之保育方針,期能藉民眾覺醒、政府立法等措施達到保護夸父綠小灰蝶的天然族群。
The development of the immature stages of the S. kuafui was investigated, with no significance found among the three study areas Peichatienshan, Lalashan, and Tungshan. The temperature was positively correlated with the body sizes of the immatures or adult, and negatively correlated with the period the butterfly intakes to complete development. The threshold for development of immature stage was approximately 0 ℃, and the total effective accumulated temperature was approximately 600 day-degree. According to this result we concluded that the lycaenid was a rapid-development species and the fly period ought be from late May to early June.
While marked-released and recaptured method was performed to estimate the population size, Bailey and Seber’s adjustments showed the same population size at approximately 3500 individuals per day. The relative population index was also calculated during 1998 and 1999 years. The active period of adult butterfly was observed to begin at 10 o’clock and continued to 12 o’clock a.m., then sharply declined after noon. In adult behavioral study, the females preferred laying eggs on the lower surfaces of the small beech twigs, and the attached spots were mostly 3-5 meters above the ground. The oviposition site was located near the dormancy buds, to presumably reduce the risk of failure in finding food by hatched larvae. The immature intaking habit showed the larva takes little soft, probably imposing little damage to the relict endemic host-plant, Fagus hayatae.
Adults of S. kuafui are probably of high vagility as one marked male was retrieved 8.5 km away from the releasing site. The distribution of S. Kuafui is widening, as a few additional sites were recognized during this research. The survivorship of immatures was found to be reflected the weather condition and the pressure of other predator. Although the Taiwan beech was protected in the natural preserve area the rare butterfly id still subject to disturbances such as over-collecting and global warming. Our study suggests legislative protection to populations of this rare butterfly is indeed.
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