本研究旨在探討未婚女性的婚姻價值、婚姻意向之關係，採非隨機方便取樣的方式進行問卷調查，在台北縣市與宜蘭縣市兩地區共回收有效問卷476份，研究以「婚姻酬賞量表」、「婚姻成本量表」、「婚姻意向量表」及「個人基本資料」為研究工具收集資料，所得資料以SPSS 12.0版進行處理分析，以描述統計、因素分析、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、重複量數變異數分析、積差相關分析和多元迴歸進行統計考驗。分析結果如下：
一、未婚女性婚姻價值之分析
（一）婚姻酬賞
1.未婚女性對於「婚姻酬賞」普遍有高度認同。
2.未婚女性對於「符合規範和增加資源」會因教育程度不同而有顯著差異存在。
3.不同職業的未婚女性對於「婚姻酬賞」各個面向沒有顯著差異。
4.未婚女性對於「符合規範和增加資源」、「友伴關係」、「合法關係」與「情感承諾」會因年齡不同而有顯著差異存在。
5.不同信仰的未婚女性對於「友伴關係」、「合法關係」、「情感承諾」與「實現角色」普遍具有高度認同。
6.未婚女性對於「合法關係」、「情感承諾」與「實現角色」會因現階段異性交往經驗不同而有顯著差異。
7.未婚女性對於「友伴關係」、「合法關係」與「實現角色」會因性別課程參與經驗不同而有顯著差異。
8.宜蘭縣市未婚女性較臺北縣市未婚女性認同結婚會有「符合規範和增加資源」與「情感承諾」。
（二）婚姻成本
1.未婚女性對於「婚姻成本」普遍有高度認同。
2.不同職業的未婚女性對於「婚姻成本」各個面向普遍高度認同。
3.未婚女性對於「加重責任」會因宗教信仰不同而有顯著差異。
4.未婚女性對於「不安的情緒」與「在夫家的挑戰」會因現階段異性交往經驗不同而有顯著差異。
5未婚女性對於「加重責任」、「在夫家的挑戰」與「對娘家的為難」會因父母婚姻和諧程度不同而有顯著差異。
6.臺北縣市未婚女性較宜蘭縣市未婚女性認同結婚會有「在夫家的挑戰」。
二、未婚女性婚姻意向之分析
1.五成八的未婚女性傾向同意結婚，三成五的未婚女性傾向不結婚。
2.民間信仰未婚女性較信仰佛教未婚女性傾向結婚。
3.現階段有異性交往經驗的未婚女性較現階段沒有異性交往經驗的未婚女性傾向結婚。
4.有性別課程參與經驗未婚女性較沒有性別課程參與未婚女性傾向結婚。
5.傾向結婚未婚女性較傾向不結婚未婚女性認同婚姻會有「符合規範和增加資源」、「友伴關係」、「情感承諾」與「實現角色」。
6.傾向不結婚未婚女性較傾向結婚未婚女性認同婚姻會有「減少自由」與「不安的情緒」。
本研究最後依據研究結果，分別針對未婚女性、婚前教育課程、未來研究提出建議。

The aim of this study is to explore the relation between unmarried women’s marital values and marital intentions. Non-random convenient sampling is used in this study with 476 eligible questionnaires in total from Taipei County/ City and Yilan County. The instruments used for data collection and analysis are marriage rewards scale, marriage costs scale, marital intentions scale and demographic information. All statistics are computed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), repeated measure analysis of variance, product-moment correlation and multiple regression are utilized to evaluate and analyze between factors. The results indicated as follows:
A. The analysis for marital values among unmarried women:
1. Marriage Rewards
(1)Generally, unmarried women highly recognize “marriage rewards”.
(2)There is a significant discrepancy in perceptions of “conform to norms and increase resources” among unmarried women with different education levels.
(3)There is no significant difference in any perspective of “marriage rewards” among unmarried women with different careers.
(4)There is a significant discrepancy in perceptions of “conform to norms and increase resources”, “companionship”, “legal relationship” and “affective commitment” among unmarried women at different ages.
(5)Generally, unmarried women from all the religious beliefs highly recognize “companionship”, “legal relationship”, “affective relationship”, and “role fulfillment”.
(6)There is a significant discrepancy in the perceptions of “legal relationship”, “affective commitment”, and “role fulfillment” between unmarried women currently with and without heterosexual relationship.
(7)There is a significant discrepancy in the perceptions of “companionship”, “legal relationship”, and “role fulfillment” among unmarried women who have different experience of participating in gender courses.
(8)Compared with unmarried women in Taipei County/City, unmarried women in Yilan County more recognize that marriage would “conform to norms and increase resources” and fulfill “affective commitment”.
2. Marriage Costs
(1)Generally, unmarried women highly recognize “marriage costs”.
(2)Unmarried women from all careers highly recognize as all perspectives of “marriage costs”.
(3)There is a significant discrepancy in the perception that marriage would “increase responsibilities” among unmarried women who have different religious beliefs.
(4)There is a significant discrepancy in the perceptions of “sentiments of insecurity” and “challenges from the in-law’s family” between unmarried women currently with and without heterosexual relationships.
(5)There is a significant discrepancy in the perceptions of “increase responsibilities”, “challenges from the in-law’s family”, and “in a dilemma from family of orientation” among unmarried women who have different parental marital harmony.
(6)Compared with unmarried women in Yilan County, unmarried women in Taipei City/County more recognize that marriage would “challenges from the in-law’s family”.
B. The analysis for marital intentions among unmarried women:
(1)Fifty-eight percent of the surveyed unmarried women tend to get married, while thirty-five percent tend to remain single.
(2)Unmarried women with folk beliefs tend to get married than those with Buddhist beliefs.
(3)Unmarried women currently having a heterosexual relationship tend to get married than those currently having no heterosexual relationship.
(4)Unmarried women having experience of participating in gender courses tend to get married than those having no experience of participating in gender courses.
(5)Compared with unmarried women who tend to remain single, unmarried women who tend to get married more recognize that marriage would “conform to norms and increase resource”, “companionship”, “affective commitment” and “role fulfillment”.
(6)Compared with unmarried women who tend to get married, unmarried women who tend to remain single more recognize that marriage would “reduce freedom” and “sentiments of insecurity”.
Finally, according to the results of this study, suggestions are proposed for the unmarried women, premarital education courses, and the research studies in the future.

參考文獻
中文文獻部分
內政部統計處（2008）。臺閩地區15歲以上女性按年齡、教育、婚姻統計。2008年7月20日，取自http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/index.asp
內政部統計處（2008）。臺閩地區十五歲（含）以上女性之婚姻狀況。2008年7月20日，取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/y02-03.xls。
內政部統計處（2008）。臺閩地區各縣市女性人口-按年齡別。2008年7月20日，取自http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/left.asp。
內政部統計處（2008）。臺閩地區男、女性結婚狀況和初婚年齡數據統計。2008年7月20日，取自http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/。
文崇一（1980）。中國人的價值觀。臺北市：東大圖書。
王行（1999）。（愛情的）墳墓、天堂？婚姻與家庭。載於王雅各（主編），性屬關係（上）：性別與社會、建構。臺北市：心理出版社。
王叢桂（2002）。態度與態度改變。載於陳皎眉、王叢桂、孫蒨如（編著），社會心理學（頁178-207）。臺北縣：空大。
古芸妮（2004）。未婚男女婚姻信念、婚姻態度與婚姻承諾之相關研究。華人文化大學心理輔導研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
民法（2002）。
江淑玲（2005）。國小未婚教師之婚姻態度、人際關係對其擇偶偏好影響之研究。國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所博士論文，未出版，嘉義市。
行政院主計處(2000)。中華民國都會區的標準分類。2006年11月30日，取自http://www.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=550&ctNode=547。
行政院主計處（2006）。社會發展趨勢調查：家庭生活。2007年7月23日，取自http://www.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=17856&ctNode=663
利翠珊（1995）。夫妻互動歷程之探討:以臺北地區年輕夫妻為例的一項初探性研究。本土心理學研究，4，260-321。
利翠珊（1997）。婚姻中的親密關係的形成與發展。中華心理衛生學刊，10（4），101-128。
利翠珊（1999）。已婚女性家庭系統的交會：親情與角色的兩難。中華心理衛生學刊，12（3），1-26。
利翠珊（2005）。婚姻關係及調適。載於楊國樞、黃光國、楊中芳（主編），華人本土心理學（頁331-362）。臺北市：遠流。
吳明隆（2006）。SPSS統計應用學習實務：問卷分析與應用統計。臺北市：知城數位科技。
吳明燁、伊慶春（2003）。婚姻其實不只是婚姻：家庭因素對於婚姻滿意度的影響。人口學刊，26，71-95。
李閏華（1993）。父母婚姻關係對子女婚姻態度影響之研究。東海大學社會工作學系碩士論文，未出版，臺中市。
卓紋君（2000）。台灣人愛情發展的歷程初探兼論兩性輔導之重點。諮商輔導文粹-高師輔導所刊，5，1-30。
周麗端、吳明燁、唐先梅、李淑娟編著﹙2000﹚。婚姻與家人關係。臺北縣：國立空中大學。
林如萍（2001）。我國婚前教育現況與需求。婚前教育策略國際研討會。教育部主辦。
林喬瑩（2005）。高中職學生異性相處、知覺父母婚姻關係與其婚姻態度之研究。國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，嘉義市。
徐達光（2003）。消費者心理學：消費者行為的科學研究。臺北市：臺灣東華。
徐震、李明政、莊秀美、許雅惠（2005）。社會問題。臺北市：學富文化。
高淑貴（1991）。家庭社會學。臺北市：黎明文化。
張惠芬（譯）（1998）。Bernard I. Murstein著。步入婚姻之道（paths to marriage）。臺北市：揚智文化。
教育部統計處（2006）。國人平均受學校教育年數。2007年10月22日。取自http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/STATISTICS/EDU7220001/gender/108-1.xls。
莊瑞飛（2002）。原生家庭與其他重要他人經驗對女性婚姻恐懼者之影響研究─以客體關係理論分析詮釋。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
陳素琴（1999）。阿美族中學生婚姻態度及擇偶條件之研究。國立臺灣師範大學/家政教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
彭懷真等（譯）（1991）。O'Connell, P. J.著。社會學辭典（Encyclopedia of Sociology）。臺北市：五南。
黃慧真(譯)(1995)。Papalia, D. E.著。發展心理學:人類發展(Human development(5th ed))。臺北市:桂冠。
楊國樞（1996）。父子軸家庭與夫妻軸家庭的運作特徵與歷程，行政院國家科學委員會專題計畫，NSC 85-2417-H-002-028-G6.
楊靜利、陳寬政（2004）。臺灣教育擴張與婚姻變遷。人口、家庭與國民健康政策回顧與展望研討會。臺北市：臺灣人口學會。
葉肅科（2002）。一樣的婚姻，多樣的家庭。臺北市：學富文化。
趙淑珠（2003）。未婚單身女性生活經驗之研究：婚姻意義的反思。教育心理學報，34（2），221-246。
劉秀娟（1997）。婚姻意向之初探性研究。中華家政學刊，26，30-42。
蔡文輝（1998）。婚姻與家庭：家庭社會學。臺北市：五南。
蔡佩孺（2004）。父母離異之成年子女愛情態度與婚姻態度之探究。臺中師範學院諮商與教育心理研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺中市。
謝文宜（2006）。為什麼結婚：國內將婚伴侶婚姻承諾考量因素之探討。中華輔導學報，20，51-82。
謝佩珊（1995）。國中未婚女教師婚姻態度及生活適應之研究。國立師範大學家政教育學系碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。

英文文獻部分
Ajzen, I.(1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Milton Keynes : Open Univ. Press.
Amato, P.R(2007). Transformative processes in marriage: some thoughts form a sociologist. Journal of Marriage and family,69,305-309.
Arcus, M.E.(1992). Family life education: Toward the 21stst century. Family relations,41,390-393.
Benokraitis, N. V. (1996).Marriages and families : changes, choices, and constraints (2nd ed).Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Blossfeld, H. P.＆ Jaenichen, U.(1992). Educational expansion and changes in Women’s entry into marriage and motherhood in the Federal Republic of Germany. Journal of Marriage and the Family ,54,302-315.
Bulcroft, R. A.＆ Bulcroft,K. A.（1993）.Race differences in attitudinal and motivational factors in the decision to marry. Journal of marriage and the family ,55（2）,338-355.
Caldwell, J. C.(1982).Theory of fertility decline. London: Academic press.
Chou Li-Tuan(1995).The correlation of family social relations with young Chinese adult’s perceptions of family values in Taiwan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University.
Coleman, J. C. (1988).Intimate relationships, marriage, and family(2nd ed).NY:Macmillan.
Darrington,J.,Piercy,K.W.,＆Niehuis,S.（2005）.The social and cultural construction of singlehood among young, single Mormons. The Qualitative Report,10（4）,639-661.
Davison, J. K.,＆ Moore, N. B.（1996）.Marriage and family: change and continuity. Allyn ＆ Bacon, Boston, MA.
Delamater, J.D.(1995). Attitude .In J. T. Oldham（Ed.）Encyclopaedia of marriage and the family(pp.184-192). NY:Macmillan.
Ferguson, S. J.(2000). Challenging traditional marriage: Never married Chinese American and Japanese American women. Gender ＆ Society,14(1),136-159.
Gaughan, M.(2002).The substitution hypothesis： The impact of premarital liaisons and human capital on marital timing. Journal of marriage and family,64, 407-419.
Giddens, A.（2005）.The global revolution in family and person life .In family in transition（13th ed.）（pp.26-31）.Boston :Pearson Allyn ＆ Bacon.
Glenn,N. D.,＆Kramer,K.B. (1986).The marriages and divorces of the children of divorce. Journal of Marriage and Family ,49,811-825.
Goldstein, J. R. ＆ Kenney, C. T.(2001). Marriage delayed or marriage forgone? New cohort forecasts of first marriage for U.S. women. American Sociological Review,66(4),506-519.
Goldstein, J. R. ＆ Kenney, C. T.(2001). Marriage delayed or marriage forgone? New cohort forecasts of first marriage for U.S. women. American Sociological Review,66(4),506-519.
Gordon, P. A.(2003).The decision to remain single : implications for women across cultures. Journal of mental health counseling, 25(1), 33-44.
Hirschman, C.(1985).Premarital socioeconomic roles and the timing of family formation.Demography,22,35-59.
Husion, T. L. ＆ Melz,H.(2004).The case for (promting)Marriage: The devil is in the details. Journal of marriage and family,66,943-958.
Hutter, M.（1998）.The changing family(3rd ed ).Boston : Allyn and Bacon.
Karp, D. R..（2000）.Values theory and research .In E. F. Borgatta (Eds.), Encyclopedia of sociology(2nd ed ).Detroit : Macmillan Reference.
Knox, D.(1975). Marriage: who? when? why?.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hal
Knox, D.,＆ Schacht, C.（2000）. Choices in relationships : an introduction to marriage and the family (6th ed). Australia ; Belmont, CA : Wadsworth.
Krejcie, R. V.,＆ Morgan, D. W.（1970）.Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30,607-610.
Lewis, K. G.,＆ Moon, S.（1997）.Always single and single again women:A qualitative study. Journal of marital and family therapy,23,115-134.
Lichter, D. T., LeClrer, F. B.＆ McLaughin, D. K.(1991).Local marriage markets and the marital behavior of Black and White women. The American Journal of Sociology,96(4),843-867.
Long, B.h.（1987）.Perceptions of parental discord and parental separations in the United States: effects on daughter’s attitudes toward marriage and courtship progress. The journal of social psychology,127（6）,573-582.
Malhotra, A.＆ Tsui, A. O.(1996).Marriage timing in Sri Lanka: the role of modern norms and ideas. Journal of Marriage aand the Family ,58(2),476-490.
Malhotra, A.(1997).Gender and the timing of marriage: Rural-Urban differences in Java. Journal of marriage and family,59, 434-450.
Manning, W.D., Longmore, M.A.,＆Giordano, P.C.(2007).The changing institution of marriage: Adolescent’s expectations to cohabit and to marry. Journal of Marriage and Family ,69,559-575.
Martin, P.D., Specter, D., Martin, D.,＆ Martin, M.(2003). Expresssed attitudes of adolescents toward marriage and family life. Adolescence,38(150),359-367.
Mcginnis,S. L.（2003）.Cohabiting, dating, and perceived costs of marriage: A model of marriage entry. Journal of marriage nd family,65（1）,105-116.
McLaughlin, D. K.＆ Lichter, D. T.(1997). Poverty and the marital behavior of young women. Journal of Marriage and the Family,59(3),582
Oppenheimer, V. K.(1988).A theory of marriage timing. The American Journal of Sociology,94(3),563-591.
Oppenheimer, V. K.(1997). Women’s employment and the gain to marriage: The specialization and trading model. Annual Review of sociology,23,431-453.
Oropesa, R. S., Lichter,Ｄ.T.＆ Robert, N.(1994). Marriage markets and the paradox of Mexican American nuptial. Journal of Marriage and the Family,56(4),889.
Ravlin, E. C.(1994).Values. In T. Husen(Ed.), The international encyclopedia of education(2nd ed)(pp.598-599).NY: Elesvier Science.
Raymo, J. M. (1998). Later marriages or fewer? Changes in the marital behavior of Japanese women..Journal of Marriage and the Family,60(4),p.1023-1034.
Riley, N.(1994).Interwoven lives: Parents, marriage, and guanxi in china . Journal of Marriage aand the Family,56,791-804.
Sabtelli, R.M., ＆ Sheham, C.L.（1993）.Exchange and resource theories. In W. J. Doherty, P. G. Boss, R. Larossa, W. R. Schumm, ＆ S.K. Steinmetz（Eds.）,Sourcebook of theories and methods:A contextual approach（pp.385-411）.NY: Plenum Press.
Saxton, L .(1996).The individual, marriage, and the family(9th ed). Belmont : Wadsworth.
Seccombe, K., ＆ Warner, R. L.（2004）.Marriages and families: relationships in social context. Belmont, CA : Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
South, J. S. (1993). Racial and ethnic differences in the desire to marry. Journal of marriage and family,55,357-370.
Trovato,F.(1986).The relationship between marital dissolution and suicide: The Canadian case. Journal of Marriage and Family ,48,341-348.
Wang, O. M. H.(2005).The socioeconomic Determinants of the age at first marriage among women in Hong Kong. Journal of Family and Economic Issues,26(4),529-550.
Wood, B. (1995). Marriage, Definition of . In J. T. Oldham（Ed.）, Encyclopaedia of marriage and the family(pp.1094-1102). NY: Macmillan.